Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important fo...Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important for optoelectronic applications such as lasers,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and quantum computation.Recently,single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been found to exhibit valleys in momentum space with nontrivial Berry curvature and excitons with large binding energy.However,there has been little study of how the unique valley degree of freedom combined with the strong excitonic effect influences the nonlinear optical excitation.Here,we report the discovery of nonlinear optical selection rules in monolayer WS2,an important candidate for visible 2D optoelectronics because of its high quantum yield and large direct bandgap.We experimentally demonstrated this principle for second-harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence(TPL).Moreover,the circularly polarized TPL and the study of its dynamics evince a sub-ps interexciton relaxation(2p R 1s).The discovery of this new optical selection rule in a valleytronic 2D system not only considerably enhances knowledge in this area but also establishes a foundation for the control of optical transitions that will be crucial for valley optoelectronic device applications such as 2D valley-polarized THz sources with 2p–1s transitions,optical switches,and coherent control for quantum computing.展开更多
针对传统近红外光谱波长选择方法忽略模型中非线性因素的缺陷,采用具有非线性处理能力的最小二乘支持向量机,结合间隔策略的波长选择方法和联合区间的思想,提出了一种非线性模型下的波长筛选算法—联合区间最小二乘支持向量机(synergy i...针对传统近红外光谱波长选择方法忽略模型中非线性因素的缺陷,采用具有非线性处理能力的最小二乘支持向量机,结合间隔策略的波长选择方法和联合区间的思想,提出了一种非线性模型下的波长筛选算法—联合区间最小二乘支持向量机(synergy interval least squares support vector machines,siLSSVM)。以苹果糖度近红外光谱数据为例,与传统siPLS波长筛选方法相比,新算法的预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)在PLS模型和LSSVM模型预测时分别提高了37.43%和47.88%,预测集相关系数(RP)在PLS模型和LSSVM模型预测时分别增加了6.04%和7.31%。实例表明,对于存在非线性因素较强的光谱数据,siLSSVM算法能够有效的挑选最优波长区间与提高模型的预测精度和鲁棒性,为近红外光谱在非线性因素下筛选波长提供了新前景。展开更多
Uncertain friction is a key factor that influences the accuracy of servo system in CNC machine.In this paper,based on the principle of Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC),a control method is proposed,where both...Uncertain friction is a key factor that influences the accuracy of servo system in CNC machine.In this paper,based on the principle of Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC),a control method is proposed,where both the extended state observer(ESO) and the reduced order extended state observer(RESO) are used to estimate and compensate for the disturbance.The authors prove that both approaches ensure high accuracy in theory,and give the criterion for parameters selection.The authors also prove that ADRC with RESO performs better than that with ESO both in disturbance estimation and tracking error.The simulation results on CNC machine show the effectiveness and feasibility of our control approaches.展开更多
This paper is devoted to investigating the selection mechanism of the minimal wave speed for traveling waves to an epidemic model.The determinacy of linear and nonlinear selections is further discussed by the upper-lo...This paper is devoted to investigating the selection mechanism of the minimal wave speed for traveling waves to an epidemic model.The determinacy of linear and nonlinear selections is further discussed by the upper-lower solutions and comparison principle.A threshold is defined by the eigenvalue problem of the linearized system.We show that the nonlinear determinacy is obtained as long as there exists a lower solution with a faster decay and a speed parameter that is larger than the threshold.When the speed parameter equals to the threshold,if there exists an upper solution satisfying proper limit behavior,then the linear selection is realized.For a special function of infection rate,we obtain a threshold parameter that determines the linear and nonlinear selections.展开更多
Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that...Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from 4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time(EXPL), logistic(LOG), Groot's(GRTS) and Gompertz(GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay(RGH) and 0 of the concentrate(D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate(D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate(D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate(D4). Dietary kinetics for the models were determined by measuring GP at 2,4.8,10.18,24.36,48.72,96 and 120 h. Model comparison was based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error(RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination(Adj-R^2) and Akaike's information criterion(AIC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed(P < 0.001) among the 4 models. The RMSE, Adj-R^2 and AIC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429,0.906 to0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, forall diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTS and GOMP than the EXPLand LOG models. The GRTS model had the lowest AIC value for D2(2.452). Although GRTS model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal behavior.Therefore, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important feed parameters, but choice of the most appropriate展开更多
The problem of variable selection in system identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system is described. The inherent difficulty, the curse of dimensionality, is introduced. Then its connections ...The problem of variable selection in system identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system is described. The inherent difficulty, the curse of dimensionality, is introduced. Then its connections to various topics and research areas are briefly discussed, including order determination, pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning, statistical regression and manifold embedding. Finally, some results of variable selection in system identification in the recent literature are presented.展开更多
A nonlinear model is proposed for effective adaptive control design. The model represents a natural way to describe input output nonlinear systems. A combined parameter off line estimation and structure detection al...A nonlinear model is proposed for effective adaptive control design. The model represents a natural way to describe input output nonlinear systems. A combined parameter off line estimation and structure detection algorithm is developed that can use an initial set of data. Then, an efficient model is obtained using orthogonal estimation with an error reduction test and other monitoring modifications. A recursive on line identification scheme is established based on the ELS algorithm to account for future time variations in the process of the parsimonious model. 展开更多
基金This work was supported by the“Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion”Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘Optical selection rules fundamentally determine the optical transitions between energy states in a variety of physical systems,from hydrogen atoms to bulk crystals such as gallium arsenide.These rules are important for optoelectronic applications such as lasers,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and quantum computation.Recently,single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been found to exhibit valleys in momentum space with nontrivial Berry curvature and excitons with large binding energy.However,there has been little study of how the unique valley degree of freedom combined with the strong excitonic effect influences the nonlinear optical excitation.Here,we report the discovery of nonlinear optical selection rules in monolayer WS2,an important candidate for visible 2D optoelectronics because of its high quantum yield and large direct bandgap.We experimentally demonstrated this principle for second-harmonic generation and two-photon luminescence(TPL).Moreover,the circularly polarized TPL and the study of its dynamics evince a sub-ps interexciton relaxation(2p R 1s).The discovery of this new optical selection rule in a valleytronic 2D system not only considerably enhances knowledge in this area but also establishes a foundation for the control of optical transitions that will be crucial for valley optoelectronic device applications such as 2D valley-polarized THz sources with 2p–1s transitions,optical switches,and coherent control for quantum computing.
文摘针对传统近红外光谱波长选择方法忽略模型中非线性因素的缺陷,采用具有非线性处理能力的最小二乘支持向量机,结合间隔策略的波长选择方法和联合区间的思想,提出了一种非线性模型下的波长筛选算法—联合区间最小二乘支持向量机(synergy interval least squares support vector machines,siLSSVM)。以苹果糖度近红外光谱数据为例,与传统siPLS波长筛选方法相比,新算法的预测集均方根误差(RMSEP)在PLS模型和LSSVM模型预测时分别提高了37.43%和47.88%,预测集相关系数(RP)在PLS模型和LSSVM模型预测时分别增加了6.04%和7.31%。实例表明,对于存在非线性因素较强的光谱数据,siLSSVM算法能够有效的挑选最优波长区间与提高模型的预测精度和鲁棒性,为近红外光谱在非线性因素下筛选波长提供了新前景。
基金partially supported by the National Key Basic Research Project of China under Grant No.2011CB302400the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2014CB845303the National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Uncertain friction is a key factor that influences the accuracy of servo system in CNC machine.In this paper,based on the principle of Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC),a control method is proposed,where both the extended state observer(ESO) and the reduced order extended state observer(RESO) are used to estimate and compensate for the disturbance.The authors prove that both approaches ensure high accuracy in theory,and give the criterion for parameters selection.The authors also prove that ADRC with RESO performs better than that with ESO both in disturbance estimation and tracking error.The simulation results on CNC machine show the effectiveness and feasibility of our control approaches.
基金supported by NSF of China (No.11971213)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province of China (No.21JR7RA535).
文摘This paper is devoted to investigating the selection mechanism of the minimal wave speed for traveling waves to an epidemic model.The determinacy of linear and nonlinear selections is further discussed by the upper-lower solutions and comparison principle.A threshold is defined by the eigenvalue problem of the linearized system.We show that the nonlinear determinacy is obtained as long as there exists a lower solution with a faster decay and a speed parameter that is larger than the threshold.When the speed parameter equals to the threshold,if there exists an upper solution satisfying proper limit behavior,then the linear selection is realized.For a special function of infection rate,we obtain a threshold parameter that determines the linear and nonlinear selections.
基金the Livestock and Fisheries Programme(LFP 04) of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa(ASARECA-RC12_LFP-04 under the auspices of the World Bank for providing financial support to undertake this research
文摘Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from 4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time(EXPL), logistic(LOG), Groot's(GRTS) and Gompertz(GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay(RGH) and 0 of the concentrate(D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate(D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate(D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate(D4). Dietary kinetics for the models were determined by measuring GP at 2,4.8,10.18,24.36,48.72,96 and 120 h. Model comparison was based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error(RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination(Adj-R^2) and Akaike's information criterion(AIC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed(P < 0.001) among the 4 models. The RMSE, Adj-R^2 and AIC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429,0.906 to0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, forall diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTS and GOMP than the EXPLand LOG models. The GRTS model had the lowest AIC value for D2(2.452). Although GRTS model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal behavior.Therefore, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important feed parameters, but choice of the most appropriate
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(No.CNS-1239509)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 program)(No.2014CB845301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61104052,61273193,61227902,61134013)the Australian Research Council(No.DP120104986)
文摘The problem of variable selection in system identification of a high dimensional nonlinear non-parametric system is described. The inherent difficulty, the curse of dimensionality, is introduced. Then its connections to various topics and research areas are briefly discussed, including order determination, pattern recognition, data mining, machine learning, statistical regression and manifold embedding. Finally, some results of variable selection in system identification in the recent literature are presented.
文摘A nonlinear model is proposed for effective adaptive control design. The model represents a natural way to describe input output nonlinear systems. A combined parameter off line estimation and structure detection algorithm is developed that can use an initial set of data. Then, an efficient model is obtained using orthogonal estimation with an error reduction test and other monitoring modifications. A recursive on line identification scheme is established based on the ELS algorithm to account for future time variations in the process of the parsimonious model.
