非点源污染对三峡库区流域的水环境污染起到主导作用。本文将SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型应用于库区大尺度流域的污染模拟研究中,以2005年土地利用现状为基准设定了6种土地利用情景,定量分析了不同土地利用措施对非点源...非点源污染对三峡库区流域的水环境污染起到主导作用。本文将SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型应用于库区大尺度流域的污染模拟研究中,以2005年土地利用现状为基准设定了6种土地利用情景,定量分析了不同土地利用措施对非点源污染的控制效果。首先采用三峡库区流域2002—2008年的水文、水质实测数据对建立的SWAT模型进行率定与验证,径流、泥沙、营养盐的评价指标ENS均达到令人满意的效果,表明SWAT模型应用于三峡库区流域是可行的。不同土地利用情景的非点源影响模拟结果表明,通过退耕还林措施将25°、15°、6°以上的耕地转化为林地可达到较好的非点源污染消减效果,考虑库区地处贫困山区,25°以上耕地退耕还林更为经济、可行;相同区域的草地转化为林地所产生的非点源污染要远远小于转化为耕地而产生的污染物,因此应严格控制自然植被退化为耕地的现象发生,否则会严重加剧库区污染状况;库区扩大林地范围的方案要有计划性、针对性,可在减少坡耕地的基础上进行,该措施能最大限度地减少库区非点源污染。本研究所得结论为政府科学合理的制定三峡库区流域非点源污染控制方案提供了重要科技支撑。展开更多
Non-point source （NPS） pollution is the main threat to regional water quality, and the estimation of NPS pollution load has become an important task for NPS pollution control in China. Combined with geographical inf...Non-point source （NPS） pollution is the main threat to regional water quality, and the estimation of NPS pollution load has become an important task for NPS pollution control in China. Combined with geographical information system （GIS）, the long. term hydrologic impact assessment （L-THIA） model was used to evaluate the temporal.spatial changes of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in Nansi Lake basin from 2000 to 2010. The results show： 1 ） the estimated COD, TN and TP loads in 2010 are 260017.5, 111607. 7 and 6372.0 t with the relative errors of 2.1%, 2. 0 % and - 8.8 % respectively, and more than 90% concentrated in the raining period from June to September; 2） cultivated land and construction land take up more than 80% of the whole Nansi Lake basin, and the proportions of the three kinds of NPS pollution loads coming from cultivated land and construction land are more than 98%; 3 ） during 2000- 2010, the COD, TN and TP loads increase by 8801. 6, 180.3 and 71.9 t respectively, and become the main impact factors on the water quality of Nansi Lake.展开更多
Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of land...Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of landscape pattern. The relationships between landuse and non-point source-total nitrogen( NPS-TN) and nonpoint source-total phosphorus( NPS-TP) were discussed with the methods of spatially statistical analysis,landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis. The study results conveyed that agricultural land and forestland,which accounted for over 92% of the study area,were the major landuse type of Ashi River Basin.Meanwhile,the NPS pollution had close connections with landuse type and landscape pattern. When it comes to landuse type,the export risks of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were agricultural land > urban land > grassland > forestland. As for landscape pattern,NPS-TN and NPS-TP were positively related to SHDI and SHEI, while negatively connected with LPI,AI and COHESION. Therefore,the study could reach the conclusion that the more fragmented and complicated the landscape patterns were,the more serious the NPS pollution was.展开更多
文摘非点源污染对三峡库区流域的水环境污染起到主导作用。本文将SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型应用于库区大尺度流域的污染模拟研究中,以2005年土地利用现状为基准设定了6种土地利用情景,定量分析了不同土地利用措施对非点源污染的控制效果。首先采用三峡库区流域2002—2008年的水文、水质实测数据对建立的SWAT模型进行率定与验证,径流、泥沙、营养盐的评价指标ENS均达到令人满意的效果,表明SWAT模型应用于三峡库区流域是可行的。不同土地利用情景的非点源影响模拟结果表明,通过退耕还林措施将25°、15°、6°以上的耕地转化为林地可达到较好的非点源污染消减效果,考虑库区地处贫困山区,25°以上耕地退耕还林更为经济、可行;相同区域的草地转化为林地所产生的非点源污染要远远小于转化为耕地而产生的污染物,因此应严格控制自然植被退化为耕地的现象发生,否则会严重加剧库区污染状况;库区扩大林地范围的方案要有计划性、针对性,可在减少坡耕地的基础上进行,该措施能最大限度地减少库区非点源污染。本研究所得结论为政府科学合理的制定三峡库区流域非点源污染控制方案提供了重要科技支撑。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401663)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2016EEM18)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.12YJC790254)Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Shandong Normal University,China
文摘Non-point source （NPS） pollution is the main threat to regional water quality, and the estimation of NPS pollution load has become an important task for NPS pollution control in China. Combined with geographical information system （GIS）, the long. term hydrologic impact assessment （L-THIA） model was used to evaluate the temporal.spatial changes of chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in Nansi Lake basin from 2000 to 2010. The results show： 1 ） the estimated COD, TN and TP loads in 2010 are 260017.5, 111607. 7 and 6372.0 t with the relative errors of 2.1%, 2. 0 % and - 8.8 % respectively, and more than 90% concentrated in the raining period from June to September; 2） cultivated land and construction land take up more than 80% of the whole Nansi Lake basin, and the proportions of the three kinds of NPS pollution loads coming from cultivated land and construction land are more than 98%; 3 ） during 2000- 2010, the COD, TN and TP loads increase by 8801. 6, 180.3 and 71.9 t respectively, and become the main impact factors on the water quality of Nansi Lake.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51179041)the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment,China(No.2013ZX07201007)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.E201206)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Harbin,China(No.2012RFLXS026)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment(Harbin Institute of Technology),China(No.2014TS05)
文摘Landuse is one of the most influential factors of non-point source pollution. Based on the three-year landuse data( 2000,2005 and 2008),Arc GIS and Fragstat were used to analyze the landuse type and the change of landscape pattern. The relationships between landuse and non-point source-total nitrogen( NPS-TN) and nonpoint source-total phosphorus( NPS-TP) were discussed with the methods of spatially statistical analysis,landscape pattern analysis and principal component analysis. The study results conveyed that agricultural land and forestland,which accounted for over 92% of the study area,were the major landuse type of Ashi River Basin.Meanwhile,the NPS pollution had close connections with landuse type and landscape pattern. When it comes to landuse type,the export risks of NPS-TN and NPS-TP were agricultural land > urban land > grassland > forestland. As for landscape pattern,NPS-TN and NPS-TP were positively related to SHDI and SHEI, while negatively connected with LPI,AI and COHESION. Therefore,the study could reach the conclusion that the more fragmented and complicated the landscape patterns were,the more serious the NPS pollution was.
