Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global pu...Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier (BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound Tem preparation, Chinese materia medica, and active components on I/R-induced cerebral imicrocirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Alt rights reserved.展开更多
Evidence suggests that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for stroke, but whether acti- vation of autophagy increases or decreases the rate of neuronal death is still under debate. This review summarizes the po...Evidence suggests that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for stroke, but whether acti- vation of autophagy increases or decreases the rate of neuronal death is still under debate. This review summarizes the potential role and possible signaling pathway of autophagy in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia and proposes that autophagy has dual effects.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model of dopaminergic （DAergic） neurons for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） research and to determine the effect of differentiation on this ...Objective To evaluate the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model of dopaminergic （DAergic） neurons for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） research and to determine the effect of differentiation on this cell model. Date sources The data of this review were selected from the original reports and reviews related to SH-SY5Y cells published in Chinese and foreign journals （Pubmed 1973 to 2009）. Study selection After searching the literature, 60 articles were selected to address this review. Results The SH-SY5Y cell line has become a popular cell model for PD research because this cell line posses many characteristics of DAergic neurons. For example, these cells express tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-13-hydroxylase, as well as the dopamine transporter. Moreover, this cell line can be differentiated into a functionally mature neuronal phenotype in the presence of various agents. Upon differentiation, SH-SY5Y cells stop proliferating and a constant cell number is subsequently maintained. However, different differentiating agents induce different neuronal phenotypes and biochemical changes. For example, retinoic acid induces differentiation toward a cholinergic neuronal phenotype and increases the susceptibility of SH-SY5Y cells to neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents, whereas treatment with retinoic acid followed by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate results in a DAergic neuronal phenotype and decreases the susceptibility of cells to neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents. Some differentiating agents also alter kinetics of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium （MPP~） uptake, making SH-SY5Y cells more similar to primary mesencephalic neurons. Conclusions Differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells have been widely used as a cell model of DAergic neurons for PD research. Some differentiating agents afford SH-SY5Y cells with more potential for studying neurotoxiclty and neuroprotection and are thus more relevant to experimental PD research.展开更多
文摘Ischemic stroke and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by thrombolytic therapy are conditions with high mortality and serious long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. They have a major impact on global public health. These disorders are associated with multiple insults to the cerebral microcirculation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration, brain blood barrier (BBB) disruption, and capillary hypoperfusion, ultimately resulting in tissue edema, hemorrhage, brain injury and delayed neuron damage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries for treatment of a wide range of diseases. In China, the usage of compound TCM preparation to treat cerebrovascular diseases dates back to the Han Dynasty. Even thousands of years earlier, the medical formulary recorded many classical prescriptions for treating cerebral I/R-related diseases. This review summarizes current information and underlying mechanisms regarding the ameliorating effects of compound Tem preparation, Chinese materia medica, and active components on I/R-induced cerebral imicrocirculatory disturbances, brain injury and neuron damage. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Alt rights reserved.
基金supported by grants from the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31171014 and 31371065the project of Science and Technology Commission of Board of Health of Shanghai,China,No.20134125the Key Specialty(disease) Declaration of Pudong New Area’s Health System
文摘Evidence suggests that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for stroke, but whether acti- vation of autophagy increases or decreases the rate of neuronal death is still under debate. This review summarizes the potential role and possible signaling pathway of autophagy in neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia and proposes that autophagy has dual effects.
文摘Objective To evaluate the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model of dopaminergic （DAergic） neurons for Parkinson＇s disease （PD） research and to determine the effect of differentiation on this cell model. Date sources The data of this review were selected from the original reports and reviews related to SH-SY5Y cells published in Chinese and foreign journals （Pubmed 1973 to 2009）. Study selection After searching the literature, 60 articles were selected to address this review. Results The SH-SY5Y cell line has become a popular cell model for PD research because this cell line posses many characteristics of DAergic neurons. For example, these cells express tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-13-hydroxylase, as well as the dopamine transporter. Moreover, this cell line can be differentiated into a functionally mature neuronal phenotype in the presence of various agents. Upon differentiation, SH-SY5Y cells stop proliferating and a constant cell number is subsequently maintained. However, different differentiating agents induce different neuronal phenotypes and biochemical changes. For example, retinoic acid induces differentiation toward a cholinergic neuronal phenotype and increases the susceptibility of SH-SY5Y cells to neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents, whereas treatment with retinoic acid followed by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate results in a DAergic neuronal phenotype and decreases the susceptibility of cells to neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents. Some differentiating agents also alter kinetics of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium （MPP~） uptake, making SH-SY5Y cells more similar to primary mesencephalic neurons. Conclusions Differentiated and undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells have been widely used as a cell model of DAergic neurons for PD research. Some differentiating agents afford SH-SY5Y cells with more potential for studying neurotoxiclty and neuroprotection and are thus more relevant to experimental PD research.
