目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇分娩的新生儿低血糖的发生率,并分析产科相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析260例GDM产妇的临床资料,均成功生产且为单胎,记录新生儿低血糖发生率,并分为低血糖组和对照组。比较两组产妇年龄、产次、分娩方...目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇分娩的新生儿低血糖的发生率,并分析产科相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析260例GDM产妇的临床资料,均成功生产且为单胎,记录新生儿低血糖发生率,并分为低血糖组和对照组。比较两组产妇年龄、产次、分娩方式、孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制情况、早产、新生儿性别、体重、体温、喂养规范性等一般情况差异,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析GDM产妇分娩的新生儿发生低血糖的产科危险因素。结果: 260例GDM产妇的新生儿低血糖发生率为21.54%,单因素分析显示,组间孕妇孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制效果、早产儿、低体重、低体温和喂养规范性所占比重方面相较,差异均有统计学意义(均 P <0.05或<0.01)。进一步多因素Logistic分析显示,产妇孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制不佳、早产、低体重、低体温和喂养不规范均是新生儿发生低血糖的危险产科因素(均 P <0.05或<0.01)。结论: GDM产妇的新生儿发生低血糖风险较高,根据产科相关危险因素开展针对性的预防干预,是降低新生儿低血糖发生的重要保障。展开更多
Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural develop...Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones （particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin） in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids （AA）, present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins （primarily 13-casein and a-lactalbumin） and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA （leucine, isoleucine and valine） and arginine to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones （e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids） and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic （mammalian） target rapamycin signaling by certain AA （e.g., arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine）. Knowledge of AA utilization （including metabolism） by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇分娩的新生儿低血糖的发生率,并分析产科相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析260例GDM产妇的临床资料,均成功生产且为单胎,记录新生儿低血糖发生率,并分为低血糖组和对照组。比较两组产妇年龄、产次、分娩方式、孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制情况、早产、新生儿性别、体重、体温、喂养规范性等一般情况差异,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析GDM产妇分娩的新生儿发生低血糖的产科危险因素。结果: 260例GDM产妇的新生儿低血糖发生率为21.54%,单因素分析显示,组间孕妇孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制效果、早产儿、低体重、低体温和喂养规范性所占比重方面相较,差异均有统计学意义(均 P <0.05或<0.01)。进一步多因素Logistic分析显示,产妇孕前超重或肥胖、孕期血糖控制不佳、早产、低体重、低体温和喂养不规范均是新生儿发生低血糖的危险产科因素(均 P <0.05或<0.01)。结论: GDM产妇的新生儿发生低血糖风险较高,根据产科相关危险因素开展针对性的预防干预,是降低新生儿低血糖发生的重要保障。
基金supported by Texas A&M Agri Life Research (H-8200)The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant from the Animal Growth & Nutrient Utilization Program of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2014-67015-21770)+4 种基金National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB126305)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572412 and 31272450)the 111 Project (B16044)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2013CFA097 and 2013CFB325)Hubei Hundred Talent program
文摘Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones （particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin） in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids （AA）, present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins （primarily 13-casein and a-lactalbumin） and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA （leucine, isoleucine and valine） and arginine to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones （e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids） and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic （mammalian） target rapamycin signaling by certain AA （e.g., arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine）. Knowledge of AA utilization （including metabolism） by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide.
