SA （sulfamic acid） catalyzes the reaction of indole with aldehyde and ketone to afford bis（indol-3-yl）methanes in good to excellent yields under solvent-free condition at ambient temperature.
A series of 8,9-dihydro-2-（2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl）-5-aryl-3H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,6（5H^7H）-diones （Sa-j）have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxo-4-aryl-4H-chromene-3-carbon...A series of 8,9-dihydro-2-（2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl）-5-aryl-3H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,6（5H^7H）-diones （Sa-j）have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxo-4-aryl-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile （4a-j） with couma- rin-3-catboxylic acid under neat conditions employing Brnsted acidic ionic liquid （4-sulfobutyl）tris（4-sulfophenyl）phosphonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst. Structures of all the compounds were established on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains.展开更多
The palladium-salen complex palladium(Ⅱ) N,N'-bis{[5-(triphenylphosphonium)-methyl]salicylidene}-1,2-ethanediamine chloride was found to be a highly active catalyst for the copper- and solvent-free coupling react...The palladium-salen complex palladium(Ⅱ) N,N'-bis{[5-(triphenylphosphonium)-methyl]salicylidene}-1,2-ethanediamine chloride was found to be a highly active catalyst for the copper- and solvent-free coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with different acyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine as base,giving excellent ynones under aerobic conditions.展开更多
This study details Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with aryl halides in toluene, a nonpolar solvent with a high boiling point. The reaction was applied for the synthesis of various biaryls in goo...This study details Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with aryl halides in toluene, a nonpolar solvent with a high boiling point. The reaction was applied for the synthesis of various biaryls in good yields without the introduction of a large steric ligand. The Kumada-Tamao-Corriu（KTC） reaction in toluene was then successfully modified to proceed under neat conditions for the efficient syntheses of symmetrical biaryls, particularly in large-scale preparations. Unactivated aryl chlorides show higher reactivity than aryl bromides, particularly under neat conditions. Mechanistic investigations suggest a radical procedure for the catalytic cycle, and the origin of the radical intermediates being aryl halides.展开更多
Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine has been found to be a type of excellent phosphine-free catalyst for Heck reactions in neat water with both higher yields and turnover numbers than those reported in the literature up t...Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine has been found to be a type of excellent phosphine-free catalyst for Heck reactions in neat water with both higher yields and turnover numbers than those reported in the literature up to now. Some commercial emulsifying agents, including the commonly used quaternary ammonium salts, have been proved to be excellent additives in the catalysis of the reactions. Not only aromatic iodide, but also aromatic bromide could be coupled with the olefins. All reactions were able to be conducted in air under refluxing condition.展开更多
<正> This paper deals with problems of neat embeddings and immersions of compact n-manifolds with boundary into the disk Dn+k. In the metastable range, a sufficient condition of neat embeddings and immersions is...<正> This paper deals with problems of neat embeddings and immersions of compact n-manifolds with boundary into the disk Dn+k. In the metastable range, a sufficient condition of neat embeddings and immersions is given and representations of the set of neat isotopy classes of neat embeddings and the set of regular homotopy classes of immersions are obtained.展开更多
Let M be a dosed, k-connected, n-dimensional manifold, and x<sub>o</sub> ∈M, M<sub>0</sub>=M-x<sub>0</sub>. J. C. Becker and H. H. Glover showed: Supposing 0≤j≤2k and n≥2j+3, th...Let M be a dosed, k-connected, n-dimensional manifold, and x<sub>o</sub> ∈M, M<sub>0</sub>=M-x<sub>0</sub>. J. C. Becker and H. H. Glover showed: Supposing 0≤j≤2k and n≥2j+3, then, the manifold M embeds into R<sup>2n-j</sup> if and only if M<sub>0</sub> immerses into R<sup>2n-j-1</sup>.In Theorem 1.1 of [2], K. R. Ferland supplemented the above result and proved: Suppose M and M<sub>0</sub> are as above, and let M be （k+1）-orientable. If n≥4k+5, then展开更多
The larger the size of the data, structured or unstructured, the harder to understand and make use of it. One of the fundamentals to machine learning is feature selection. Feature selection, by reducing the number of ...The larger the size of the data, structured or unstructured, the harder to understand and make use of it. One of the fundamentals to machine learning is feature selection. Feature selection, by reducing the number of irrelevant/redundant features, dramatically reduces the run time of a learning algorithm and leads to a more general concept. In this paper, realization of feature selection through a neural network based algorithm, with the aid of a topology optimizer genetic algorithm, is investigated. We have utilized NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) to select a subset of features with the most relevant connection to the target concept. Discovery and improvement of solutions are two main goals of machine learning, however, the accuracy of these varies depends on dimensions of problem space. Although feature selection methods can help to improve this accuracy, complexity of problem can also affect their performance. Artificialneural networks are proven effective in feature elimination, but as a consequence of fixed topology of most neural networks, it loses accuracy when the number of local minimas is considerable in the problem. To minimize this drawback, topology of neural network should be flexible and it should be able to avoid local minimas especially when a feature is removed. In this work, the power of feature selection through NEAT method is demonstrated. When compared to the evolution of networks with fixed structure, NEAT discovers significantly more sophisticated strategies. The results show NEAT can provide better accuracy compared to conventional Multi-Layer Perceptron and leads to improved feature selection.展开更多
<正> This paper discusses a question about topological embeddings of topological manifolds. A sufficient condition is obtained that a k-connected compact topological nmanifold with （k-1）-connected boundary can...<正> This paper discusses a question about topological embeddings of topological manifolds. A sufficient condition is obtained that a k-connected compact topological nmanifold with （k-1）-connected boundary can be locally flat, neatly embedded into D2n-hand locally flat embedded into S2n-h-1（0≤h≤2k）, and some of its applications are given.展开更多
In the field of organic syntheses, the development of environmentally friendly methods based on the concept of green chemistry has been always required. In response to this requirement, we reported solvent- and cataly...In the field of organic syntheses, the development of environmentally friendly methods based on the concept of green chemistry has been always required. In response to this requirement, we reported solvent- and catalyst-free syntheses of imines using the pressure reduction technique as a key technology. We found that this reaction proceeded very rapidly in the initial stage, but its rate decreased with the passage of time. It was also found that the reaction of benzaldehyde with aniline had a specificity that the phase transition occurred. In this method, the desired imines could be obtained in good to excellent yields, but target compounds had to be given by purifications using organic solvents. Therefore, we tried to develop the perfect synthetic method of imine derivatives without organic or inorganic solvents. We selected two methods and took them into this investigation. One was exactly mixing (1:1, substance ratio) aldehydes and amines and the other was employing lower pressure (>0.1 mmHg, previous method: 1.0 mmHg) at the pressure reducing technique. When this improved synthetic method was performed, it was revealed that pure target imines were obtained in excellent yields without any purification.展开更多
The cooling and lubrication process is one of the key processes in cold rolling,as it not only determines surface quality and strip shape,but also reduces the rolling power consumption and extends the life of the roll...The cooling and lubrication process is one of the key processes in cold rolling,as it not only determines surface quality and strip shape,but also reduces the rolling power consumption and extends the life of the roll even during high-speed operation.In this study,an innovative method combining emulsion lubrication and neat oil lubrication was used to solve some problems associated with individual passes.Laboratory tests on stainless steel strips showed that this new lubrication method could improve the surface quality of the strip,control the rolling friction in the deformation zone,and has the potential of making lubrication systems simpler and easier to operate,all while reducing the negative environmental impact from emulsion processing.展开更多
With the increasing use of cloud computing,high energy consumption has become one of the major challenges in cloud data centers.Virtual Machine(VM)consolidation has been proven to be an efficient way to optimize energ...With the increasing use of cloud computing,high energy consumption has become one of the major challenges in cloud data centers.Virtual Machine(VM)consolidation has been proven to be an efficient way to optimize energy consumption in data centers,and many research works have proposed to optimize VM consolidation.However,the performance of different algorithms is related with the characteristics of the workload and system status;some algorithms are suitable for Central Processing Unit(CPU)-intensive workload and some for web application workload.Therefore,an adaptive VM consolidation framework is necessary to fully explore the potential of these algorithms.Neat is an open-source dynamic VM consolidation framework,which is well integrated into OpenStack.However,it cannot conduct dynamic algorithm scheduling,and VM consolidation algorithms in Neat are few and basic,which results in low performance for energy saving and Service-Level Agreement(SLA)avoidance.In this paper,an Intelligent Neat framework(I-Neat)is proposed,which adds an intelligent scheduler using reinforcement learning and a framework manager to improve the usability of the system.The scheduler can select appropriate algorithms for the local manager from an algorithm library with many load detection algorithms.The algorithm library is designed based on a template,and in addition to the algorithms of Neat,I-Neat adds six new algorithms to the algorithm library.Furthermore,the framework manager helps users add self-defined algorithms to I-Neat without modifying the source code.Our experimental results indicate that the intelligent scheduler and these novel algorithms can effectively reduce energy consumption with SLA assurance.展开更多
文摘SA （sulfamic acid） catalyzes the reaction of indole with aldehyde and ketone to afford bis（indol-3-yl）methanes in good to excellent yields under solvent-free condition at ambient temperature.
文摘A series of 8,9-dihydro-2-（2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl）-5-aryl-3H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,6（5H^7H）-diones （Sa-j）have been synthesized by the reaction of 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxo-4-aryl-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile （4a-j） with couma- rin-3-catboxylic acid under neat conditions employing Brnsted acidic ionic liquid （4-sulfobutyl）tris（4-sulfophenyl）phosphonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst. Structures of all the compounds were established on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic data. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains.
基金the Research Council of Shahrood University of Technology for the support of this work
文摘The palladium-salen complex palladium(Ⅱ) N,N'-bis{[5-(triphenylphosphonium)-methyl]salicylidene}-1,2-ethanediamine chloride was found to be a highly active catalyst for the copper- and solvent-free coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with different acyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine as base,giving excellent ynones under aerobic conditions.
文摘This study details Ni-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with aryl halides in toluene, a nonpolar solvent with a high boiling point. The reaction was applied for the synthesis of various biaryls in good yields without the introduction of a large steric ligand. The Kumada-Tamao-Corriu（KTC） reaction in toluene was then successfully modified to proceed under neat conditions for the efficient syntheses of symmetrical biaryls, particularly in large-scale preparations. Unactivated aryl chlorides show higher reactivity than aryl bromides, particularly under neat conditions. Mechanistic investigations suggest a radical procedure for the catalytic cycle, and the origin of the radical intermediates being aryl halides.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20072034)and the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.004030100).
文摘Cyclopalladated ferrocenylimine has been found to be a type of excellent phosphine-free catalyst for Heck reactions in neat water with both higher yields and turnover numbers than those reported in the literature up to now. Some commercial emulsifying agents, including the commonly used quaternary ammonium salts, have been proved to be excellent additives in the catalysis of the reactions. Not only aromatic iodide, but also aromatic bromide could be coupled with the olefins. All reactions were able to be conducted in air under refluxing condition.
文摘<正> This paper deals with problems of neat embeddings and immersions of compact n-manifolds with boundary into the disk Dn+k. In the metastable range, a sufficient condition of neat embeddings and immersions is given and representations of the set of neat isotopy classes of neat embeddings and the set of regular homotopy classes of immersions are obtained.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Let M be a dosed, k-connected, n-dimensional manifold, and x<sub>o</sub> ∈M, M<sub>0</sub>=M-x<sub>0</sub>. J. C. Becker and H. H. Glover showed: Supposing 0≤j≤2k and n≥2j+3, then, the manifold M embeds into R<sup>2n-j</sup> if and only if M<sub>0</sub> immerses into R<sup>2n-j-1</sup>.In Theorem 1.1 of [2], K. R. Ferland supplemented the above result and proved: Suppose M and M<sub>0</sub> are as above, and let M be （k+1）-orientable. If n≥4k+5, then
文摘The larger the size of the data, structured or unstructured, the harder to understand and make use of it. One of the fundamentals to machine learning is feature selection. Feature selection, by reducing the number of irrelevant/redundant features, dramatically reduces the run time of a learning algorithm and leads to a more general concept. In this paper, realization of feature selection through a neural network based algorithm, with the aid of a topology optimizer genetic algorithm, is investigated. We have utilized NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) to select a subset of features with the most relevant connection to the target concept. Discovery and improvement of solutions are two main goals of machine learning, however, the accuracy of these varies depends on dimensions of problem space. Although feature selection methods can help to improve this accuracy, complexity of problem can also affect their performance. Artificialneural networks are proven effective in feature elimination, but as a consequence of fixed topology of most neural networks, it loses accuracy when the number of local minimas is considerable in the problem. To minimize this drawback, topology of neural network should be flexible and it should be able to avoid local minimas especially when a feature is removed. In this work, the power of feature selection through NEAT method is demonstrated. When compared to the evolution of networks with fixed structure, NEAT discovers significantly more sophisticated strategies. The results show NEAT can provide better accuracy compared to conventional Multi-Layer Perceptron and leads to improved feature selection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘<正> This paper discusses a question about topological embeddings of topological manifolds. A sufficient condition is obtained that a k-connected compact topological nmanifold with （k-1）-connected boundary can be locally flat, neatly embedded into D2n-hand locally flat embedded into S2n-h-1（0≤h≤2k）, and some of its applications are given.
文摘In the field of organic syntheses, the development of environmentally friendly methods based on the concept of green chemistry has been always required. In response to this requirement, we reported solvent- and catalyst-free syntheses of imines using the pressure reduction technique as a key technology. We found that this reaction proceeded very rapidly in the initial stage, but its rate decreased with the passage of time. It was also found that the reaction of benzaldehyde with aniline had a specificity that the phase transition occurred. In this method, the desired imines could be obtained in good to excellent yields, but target compounds had to be given by purifications using organic solvents. Therefore, we tried to develop the perfect synthetic method of imine derivatives without organic or inorganic solvents. We selected two methods and took them into this investigation. One was exactly mixing (1:1, substance ratio) aldehydes and amines and the other was employing lower pressure (>0.1 mmHg, previous method: 1.0 mmHg) at the pressure reducing technique. When this improved synthetic method was performed, it was revealed that pure target imines were obtained in excellent yields without any purification.
文摘The cooling and lubrication process is one of the key processes in cold rolling,as it not only determines surface quality and strip shape,but also reduces the rolling power consumption and extends the life of the roll even during high-speed operation.In this study,an innovative method combining emulsion lubrication and neat oil lubrication was used to solve some problems associated with individual passes.Laboratory tests on stainless steel strips showed that this new lubrication method could improve the surface quality of the strip,control the rolling friction in the deformation zone,and has the potential of making lubrication systems simpler and easier to operate,all while reducing the negative environmental impact from emulsion processing.
文摘With the increasing use of cloud computing,high energy consumption has become one of the major challenges in cloud data centers.Virtual Machine(VM)consolidation has been proven to be an efficient way to optimize energy consumption in data centers,and many research works have proposed to optimize VM consolidation.However,the performance of different algorithms is related with the characteristics of the workload and system status;some algorithms are suitable for Central Processing Unit(CPU)-intensive workload and some for web application workload.Therefore,an adaptive VM consolidation framework is necessary to fully explore the potential of these algorithms.Neat is an open-source dynamic VM consolidation framework,which is well integrated into OpenStack.However,it cannot conduct dynamic algorithm scheduling,and VM consolidation algorithms in Neat are few and basic,which results in low performance for energy saving and Service-Level Agreement(SLA)avoidance.In this paper,an Intelligent Neat framework(I-Neat)is proposed,which adds an intelligent scheduler using reinforcement learning and a framework manager to improve the usability of the system.The scheduler can select appropriate algorithms for the local manager from an algorithm library with many load detection algorithms.The algorithm library is designed based on a template,and in addition to the algorithms of Neat,I-Neat adds six new algorithms to the algorithm library.Furthermore,the framework manager helps users add self-defined algorithms to I-Neat without modifying the source code.Our experimental results indicate that the intelligent scheduler and these novel algorithms can effectively reduce energy consumption with SLA assurance.
