Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is ve...Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron（nZVI）for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI（G-nZVI） could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI（20% G-nZVI）could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction（XRD） indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3（PO4）2·8H2O（Vivianite）. It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.展开更多
Nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) are popular the last few years because of the numerous applications in remediation of a wide range of pollutants in contaminated soils and aquifers. The nZVI particles can be 10 ...Nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) are popular the last few years because of the numerous applications in remediation of a wide range of pollutants in contaminated soils and aquifers. The nZVI particles can be 10 - 1000 times more reactive than granular or micro-scale ZVI particles due to the small particle size, large specific surface area and high reactivity. An alternative green synthesis procedure was used for the production of nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) using green tea (GT) extract, which is characterized by its high antioxidant content. Polyphenols in green tea extract possess double role in the synthesis of nZVI, because they not only reduce ferric cations, but also protect nZVI from oxidation and agglomeration as capping agents. The objective of current study was to simulate ata laboratory scale the attachment of GT-nZVI particles on soil material and study the effectiveness of attached nanoparticles for removing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from contaminated groundwater flowing through the porous soil bed. Column tests were carried out with various flowrates in order to examine the effect of contact time between the attached on porous medium nZVI and the flow-through solution on Cr(VI) reduction. After the completion of column tests the soil material in each column was split in 5 vertical sections, which were further subjected to chemical analyses and leaching tests. According to the results of the study increasing the contact time favors the reduction and removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous phase. The reductive precipitation of Cr can be described as a reaction that follows a pseudo-first order kinetic law, with rate constant equal to k = 0.0243 ± 0.0011 min-1. Leaching tests indicated that precipitated chromium is not soluble. In the examined soil material, the total amount of precipitated Cr was found to range between 280 and 890 mg/(kg soil), while soluble Cr was less than 1.4 mg/kg and most probably it was due to the presence of residual Cr(VI) solution in the porosity of soil.展开更多
随着人类社会的发展,放射性铀矿的开采和使用越来越多,环境面临着越来越严重的放射性污染问题。从生物和环境的角度来看,有效地清除环境中的放射性核素是核能利用过程中最重要的问题之一。纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero valent iron, nZVI...随着人类社会的发展,放射性铀矿的开采和使用越来越多,环境面临着越来越严重的放射性污染问题。从生物和环境的角度来看,有效地清除环境中的放射性核素是核能利用过程中最重要的问题之一。纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero valent iron, nZVI)具有较大的比表面积和较高的活性位点,能显著提高放射性污染物的修复效率。本综述的目的是展示nZVI基材料对放射性核素的高效去除能力和环境修复作用。简介了常用的nZVI基材料(表面改性或多孔材料支撑的nZVI材料)及其对放射性核素的去除效果和相互作用机制(如吸附和氧化还原)。最后,对nZVI材料的应用和挑战给出个人见解。本综述有助于为高效去除放射性核素的nZVI材料的设计指明方向,为放射性核素的高效处理处置提供新材料。展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Programs for Water Pollution Control and Management of China (Nos.2011ZX07301-002 and 2012ZX07205-001)
文摘Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron（nZVI）for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI（G-nZVI） could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI（20% G-nZVI）could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction（XRD） indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3（PO4）2·8H2O（Vivianite）. It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.
文摘Nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) are popular the last few years because of the numerous applications in remediation of a wide range of pollutants in contaminated soils and aquifers. The nZVI particles can be 10 - 1000 times more reactive than granular or micro-scale ZVI particles due to the small particle size, large specific surface area and high reactivity. An alternative green synthesis procedure was used for the production of nano zero valent iron particles (nZVI) using green tea (GT) extract, which is characterized by its high antioxidant content. Polyphenols in green tea extract possess double role in the synthesis of nZVI, because they not only reduce ferric cations, but also protect nZVI from oxidation and agglomeration as capping agents. The objective of current study was to simulate ata laboratory scale the attachment of GT-nZVI particles on soil material and study the effectiveness of attached nanoparticles for removing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from contaminated groundwater flowing through the porous soil bed. Column tests were carried out with various flowrates in order to examine the effect of contact time between the attached on porous medium nZVI and the flow-through solution on Cr(VI) reduction. After the completion of column tests the soil material in each column was split in 5 vertical sections, which were further subjected to chemical analyses and leaching tests. According to the results of the study increasing the contact time favors the reduction and removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous phase. The reductive precipitation of Cr can be described as a reaction that follows a pseudo-first order kinetic law, with rate constant equal to k = 0.0243 ± 0.0011 min-1. Leaching tests indicated that precipitated chromium is not soluble. In the examined soil material, the total amount of precipitated Cr was found to range between 280 and 890 mg/(kg soil), while soluble Cr was less than 1.4 mg/kg and most probably it was due to the presence of residual Cr(VI) solution in the porosity of soil.
文摘随着人类社会的发展,放射性铀矿的开采和使用越来越多,环境面临着越来越严重的放射性污染问题。从生物和环境的角度来看,有效地清除环境中的放射性核素是核能利用过程中最重要的问题之一。纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero valent iron, nZVI)具有较大的比表面积和较高的活性位点,能显著提高放射性污染物的修复效率。本综述的目的是展示nZVI基材料对放射性核素的高效去除能力和环境修复作用。简介了常用的nZVI基材料(表面改性或多孔材料支撑的nZVI材料)及其对放射性核素的去除效果和相互作用机制(如吸附和氧化还原)。最后,对nZVI材料的应用和挑战给出个人见解。本综述有助于为高效去除放射性核素的nZVI材料的设计指明方向,为放射性核素的高效处理处置提供新材料。
