In order to establish a route supporting multi-constrained quality of service（QoS）, increase network throughput and reduce network energy consumption, an improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving...In order to establish a route supporting multi-constrained quality of service（QoS）, increase network throughput and reduce network energy consumption, an improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing algorithm（IAMQER） is proposed. The ant colony algorithm, as one of the available heuristic algorithms, is used to find the optimal route from source node to destination node. The proposed IAMQER algorithm, which is based on the analysis of local node information such as node queue length, node forwarding number of data packets and node residual energy, balances the relationship between the network throughput and the energy consumption, thus improving the performance of network in multi-constrained QoS routing. Simulation results show that this IAMQER algorithm can find the QoS route that reduce average energy consumption and improves network packet delivery ratio under the end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio constraints.展开更多
多约束尺寸可变的装箱问题作为经典装箱问题的扩展,具有极为广泛的应用背景。在以货车运输为主的物流公司的装载环节中,运输成本不仅仅由车厢的空间利用率决定。分析了该类装箱问题与传统的集装箱装载问题的区别,并据此给出了一种新的...多约束尺寸可变的装箱问题作为经典装箱问题的扩展,具有极为广泛的应用背景。在以货车运输为主的物流公司的装载环节中,运输成本不仅仅由车厢的空间利用率决定。分析了该类装箱问题与传统的集装箱装载问题的区别,并据此给出了一种新的尺寸可变装箱问题的定义。除了经典装箱问题中物品体积这一参数,还引入了物品类型、箱子类型等参数,建立了数学模型,将经典的FFD(First Fit Decreasing)算法进行了推广,提出了新的算法MFFD,并分析了相关的算法复杂性。最后对FF、FFD以及MFFD算法进行了模拟实验,实验结果表明,在相关参数符合均匀分布的条件下,MFFD算法效果较好。展开更多
The optimal solution of the multi-constrained QoS multicast routing problem is a tree-like hierarchical structure in the topology graph. This multicast route contains a feasible path from the source node to each of th...The optimal solution of the multi-constrained QoS multicast routing problem is a tree-like hierarchical structure in the topology graph. This multicast route contains a feasible path from the source node to each of the destinations with respect to a set of QoS constraints while minimizing a cost function. Often, it is a tree. In other cases, the hierarchies can return several times to nodes and links of the topology graph. Similarly to Steiner problem, finding such a structure is an NP-hard problem. The usual tree and topology enumeration algorithms applied for the Steiner problem cannot be used to solve the addressed problem. In this paper, we propose an exact algorithm based on the Branch and Bound principle and improved by the Lookahead technique. We show relevant properties of the optimum hierarchy permitting efficient pruning of the search space. To our knowledge, our paper is the first to propose an exact algorithm for this non-trivial multi-constrained optimal multicast route computation. Simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed pruning operations. The analysis of the execution time shows that in simple topologies and with tight QoS constraints the exact algorithm requires relatively little execution time. With loose constraints the computation time cannot be tolerated even for off-line route computation. In these cases, the solution is close to a Steiner tree and heuristics can be applied. These results can serve as basis for the design of efficient, polynomial-time routing algorithms.展开更多
A quality of service （QoS） or constraint-based routing selection needs to find a path subject to multiple constraints through a network. The problem of finding such a path is known as the multi-constrained path （MC...A quality of service （QoS） or constraint-based routing selection needs to find a path subject to multiple constraints through a network. The problem of finding such a path is known as the multi-constrained path （MCP） problem, and has been proven to be NP-complete that cannot be exactly solved in a polynomial time. The NPC problem is converted into a multiobjective optimization problem with constraints to be solved with a genetic algorithm. Based on the Pareto optimum, a constrained routing computation method is proposed to generate a set of nondominated optimal routes with the genetic algorithm mechanism. The convergence and time complexity of the novel algorithm is analyzed. Experimental results show that multiobjective evolution is highly responsive and competent for the Pareto optimum-based route selection. When this method is applied to a MPLS and metropolitan-area network, it will be capable of optimizing the transmission performance.展开更多
Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft.This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft,aiming to enhance the corresponding unin...Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft.This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft,aiming to enhance the corresponding uninterrupted cruising capability.An optimization objective function is formed and is separately studied in aerodynamic and structural terms.Qualitative analysis shows that the winglet design parameters are restricted by four special constraints(geometry,aerodynamics,energy and stability)of solar aircraft.The optimization process is constructed on the basis of a multi-island genetic algorithm,and carried out for a 15 m wingspan solar aircraft.Although the designed winglet is not as good as the traditional winglet in terms of drag and structural weight,the designed winglet provides a better 24 h cruising capability.The sensitivity between the objective function and the design parameters is investigated,and the winglet effects vary with respect to the wing aspect ratio(AR=10,15,19.6).The effect of the constraints is analysed quantitatively,and some basic laws are obtained.Moreover,the feasible design region and the possible optimal design parameters of winglets for different wing configurations are explored.The calculation results show that when the aspect ratio exceeds a certain value,the winglets will not benefit the aircraft.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61101107)the Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project
文摘In order to establish a route supporting multi-constrained quality of service（QoS）, increase network throughput and reduce network energy consumption, an improved ant colony-based multi-constrained QoS energy-saving routing algorithm（IAMQER） is proposed. The ant colony algorithm, as one of the available heuristic algorithms, is used to find the optimal route from source node to destination node. The proposed IAMQER algorithm, which is based on the analysis of local node information such as node queue length, node forwarding number of data packets and node residual energy, balances the relationship between the network throughput and the energy consumption, thus improving the performance of network in multi-constrained QoS routing. Simulation results show that this IAMQER algorithm can find the QoS route that reduce average energy consumption and improves network packet delivery ratio under the end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio constraints.
文摘多约束尺寸可变的装箱问题作为经典装箱问题的扩展,具有极为广泛的应用背景。在以货车运输为主的物流公司的装载环节中,运输成本不仅仅由车厢的空间利用率决定。分析了该类装箱问题与传统的集装箱装载问题的区别,并据此给出了一种新的尺寸可变装箱问题的定义。除了经典装箱问题中物品体积这一参数,还引入了物品类型、箱子类型等参数,建立了数学模型,将经典的FFD(First Fit Decreasing)算法进行了推广,提出了新的算法MFFD,并分析了相关的算法复杂性。最后对FF、FFD以及MFFD算法进行了模拟实验,实验结果表明,在相关参数符合均匀分布的条件下,MFFD算法效果较好。
文摘The optimal solution of the multi-constrained QoS multicast routing problem is a tree-like hierarchical structure in the topology graph. This multicast route contains a feasible path from the source node to each of the destinations with respect to a set of QoS constraints while minimizing a cost function. Often, it is a tree. In other cases, the hierarchies can return several times to nodes and links of the topology graph. Similarly to Steiner problem, finding such a structure is an NP-hard problem. The usual tree and topology enumeration algorithms applied for the Steiner problem cannot be used to solve the addressed problem. In this paper, we propose an exact algorithm based on the Branch and Bound principle and improved by the Lookahead technique. We show relevant properties of the optimum hierarchy permitting efficient pruning of the search space. To our knowledge, our paper is the first to propose an exact algorithm for this non-trivial multi-constrained optimal multicast route computation. Simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed pruning operations. The analysis of the execution time shows that in simple topologies and with tight QoS constraints the exact algorithm requires relatively little execution time. With loose constraints the computation time cannot be tolerated even for off-line route computation. In these cases, the solution is close to a Steiner tree and heuristics can be applied. These results can serve as basis for the design of efficient, polynomial-time routing algorithms.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China (050420212)the Excellent Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Anhui Province of China (04042069).
文摘A quality of service （QoS） or constraint-based routing selection needs to find a path subject to multiple constraints through a network. The problem of finding such a path is known as the multi-constrained path （MCP） problem, and has been proven to be NP-complete that cannot be exactly solved in a polynomial time. The NPC problem is converted into a multiobjective optimization problem with constraints to be solved with a genetic algorithm. Based on the Pareto optimum, a constrained routing computation method is proposed to generate a set of nondominated optimal routes with the genetic algorithm mechanism. The convergence and time complexity of the novel algorithm is analyzed. Experimental results show that multiobjective evolution is highly responsive and competent for the Pareto optimum-based route selection. When this method is applied to a MPLS and metropolitan-area network, it will be capable of optimizing the transmission performance.
文摘Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft.This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft,aiming to enhance the corresponding uninterrupted cruising capability.An optimization objective function is formed and is separately studied in aerodynamic and structural terms.Qualitative analysis shows that the winglet design parameters are restricted by four special constraints(geometry,aerodynamics,energy and stability)of solar aircraft.The optimization process is constructed on the basis of a multi-island genetic algorithm,and carried out for a 15 m wingspan solar aircraft.Although the designed winglet is not as good as the traditional winglet in terms of drag and structural weight,the designed winglet provides a better 24 h cruising capability.The sensitivity between the objective function and the design parameters is investigated,and the winglet effects vary with respect to the wing aspect ratio(AR=10,15,19.6).The effect of the constraints is analysed quantitatively,and some basic laws are obtained.Moreover,the feasible design region and the possible optimal design parameters of winglets for different wing configurations are explored.The calculation results show that when the aspect ratio exceeds a certain value,the winglets will not benefit the aircraft.
