AIM:To investigate the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and dendritic cells (DCs)that were stimulated by probiotic preparations. METHODS:PBMCs were isolated,cultured,and stimulated with Bio-...AIM:To investigate the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and dendritic cells (DCs)that were stimulated by probiotic preparations. METHODS:PBMCs were isolated,cultured,and stimulated with Bio-Three(a mixture of Bacillus mesentericus, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis;105, 10 6 and 10 7 CFU/mL for 24 h).Cytokine production of (1)circulating PBMCs;(2)PBMCs stimulated by probiotic preparation;(3)monocyte-derived DCs;and(4)DC andT cell co-culture was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Phenotypic analysis of circulating PBMCs was also investigated by flow cytometry.Blood was obtained from individuals who consumed Bio-Three (10 9 CFU/d B.mesentericus,C.butyricum and E.faecalis) for 2 wk,or those who did not take probiotics orally. RESULTS:In culture supernatants,interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin(IL)-10 production increased,but IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)production by PBMCs decreased after 1 and 2 wk of probiotic treatment.Flow cytometry was also performed on day 14 and detected enhanced expression of CD11b,HLA-DR, CD4,CD45RA,CD25,CD44 and CD69 in response to Bio-Three.Furthermore,IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated in supernatants of monocyte-derived DCs,and IFN-γand IL-10 were enhanced in supernatants of CD4 + T cells co-cultured with DCs. CONCLUSION:Bio-Three appeared to stimulate the Th1 immune response,downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α)and upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10).Probiotics could be effective in activation of PBMCs and DCs.展开更多
Prodrug nanoassemblies, which can refrain from large excipients, achieve higher drug loading and control drug release, have been placed as the priority in drug delivery system. Reasoning that glutathione(GSH) and reac...Prodrug nanoassemblies, which can refrain from large excipients, achieve higher drug loading and control drug release, have been placed as the priority in drug delivery system. Reasoning that glutathione(GSH) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) are highly upgraded in tumor tissues which makes them attractive targets for drug delivery system, we designed and synthetized a novel prodrug which utilized mono thioether bond as a linker to bridge linoleic acid(LA) and docetaxel(DTX). This mono thioether-linked conjugates(DTX-S-LA) could self-assemble into nanoparticles without the aid of much excipients. The mono thioether endowed the nanoparticles redox sensitivity resulting in specific release at the tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrated that the nanoassemblies had uniform particle size, high stability and fast release behavior. DTX-S-LA nanoassemblies outperformed DTX solution in pharmacokinetic profiles for it had longer circulation time and higher area under curve(AUC). Compared with DTX solution, the redox dual-responsive nanoassemblies had comparable cytotoxic activity. Besides, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in mice bearing 4 T1 xenograft. It turned out this nanoassemblies couldenhance anticancer efficacy by increasing the dose because of higher tolerance. Overall, these results indicated that the redox sensitivity nanoassemblies may have a great potential to cancer therapy.展开更多
When the training data are insufficient, especially when only a small sample size of data is available, domain knowledge will be taken into the process of learning parameters to improve the performance of the Bayesian...When the training data are insufficient, especially when only a small sample size of data is available, domain knowledge will be taken into the process of learning parameters to improve the performance of the Bayesian networks. In this paper, a new monotonic constraint model is proposed to represent a type of common domain knowledge. And then, the monotonic constraint estimation algorithm is proposed to learn the parameters with the monotonic constraint model. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm, series of experiments are carried out. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain more accurate parameters compared to some existing algorithms while the complexity is not the highest.展开更多
Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe.To effectively study and manage this viral disease,researchers need new,sensitive,and high-throughput approaches for v...Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe.To effectively study and manage this viral disease,researchers need new,sensitive,and high-throughput approaches for viral detection.In this study,we purified PepMV particles from the infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and used virions to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridomas secreting anti-PepMV monoclonal antibodies(mAbs).A panel of highly specific and sensitive murine mAbs(15B2,8H6,23D11,20D9,3A6,and 8E3)could be produced through cell fusion,antibody selection,and cell cloning.Using the mAbs as the detection antibodies,we established double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(DAS-ELISA),Dot-ELISA,and Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PepMV infection in tomato plants.Resulting data on sensitivity analysis assays showed that both DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can efficiently monitor the virus in PepMV-infected tissue crude extracts when diluted at 1:1310720 and 1:20480(weight/volume ratio(w/v),g/mL),respectively.Among the three methods developed,the Tissue print-ELISA was found to be the most practical detection technique.Survey results from field samples by the established serological approaches were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and DNA sequencing,dem on strati ng all three serological methods are reliable and effective for monitoring PepMV.An ti-PepMV mAbs and the newly developed DAS-ELISA,Dot-ELISA,and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PepMV detection and field epidemiological study,and management of this viral disease,which is already widespread in tomato plants in Yunnan Province of China.展开更多
The filling of rivers generated by carried solid deposit is a factor for the raising of height of rivers and thus activates the floods and inundations. The quantification of carried solid flow charges through their ch...The filling of rivers generated by carried solid deposit is a factor for the raising of height of rivers and thus activates the floods and inundations. The quantification of carried solid flow charges through their characterization and the analysis of hydrosedimentary dynamics is the second step of the investigation of the solid flow transport in the Mono river. This study aims to quantify the volume of trapped sediments in function of the variation of the geometry of the shape of sections of the river depending of the slope and the flow rate therefore to evaluate the capacity of transport of eroded solid flows of a watercourse from upstream to downstream. Consequently, the decreasing percentage of deposited alluvium from upstream to downstream is calculated along Mono river. Thus the drawn granulometric curve of sediments and the determinate granulometric characteristics of sediments permit to quantify the carried sediment charges at each chosen section with Engelund-Hansen model in Mono river.展开更多
Artificial planting is an important measure to promote the restoration of degraded grassland and protect the ecological environment. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the allocation pattern betwe...Artificial planting is an important measure to promote the restoration of degraded grassland and protect the ecological environment. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the allocation pattern between aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) in different seeding types of artificially-planted pastures. We explored the variation in biomass and the relationship between above-and belowground biomass in four artificiallyplanted pastures with one species from Elymus nutans Griseb(EN, perennial), Elymus sibiricus Linn(ES, perennial), Medicago sativa Linn(MS, perennial), and Avena sativa Linn(AS, annual) and in six artificially-planted communities with mixtures of two species by seeding ratio 1:1 from the abovementioned grasses(EN + AS, MS + AS, EN + ES, MS + EN, MS + ES, AS + ES) in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that E. nutans is the most productive species with the highest biomass production among the single crops. MS + ES was the most productive group in 2015, while the group with the highest biomass production changed to AS + ES in 2016. AGB was positively correlated to BGB in the surface soil layer in the first year, but positively related to BGB in the subsoil layer in the second year. In the early stageof artificial grassland succession, plants allocated more biomass to aboveground parts, with a root to shoot(R/S) ratio of 1.98. The slope of the log-log relationship between AGB and BGB was 1.07 in 2016, which is consistent with the isometric theory. Different sowing patterns strongly affected the accumulation and allocation of biomass in artificiallyplanted grassland, E. sibiricus was the suitable plant in the alpine regions, which will be conducive to understanding vegetation restoration and plant interactions in the future.展开更多
A series of new dihydropyridines, butanamide, dihydropyridazines and thiourea derivatives have been prepared through the reactions of 3-aminopyridine （1） and N-（pyridin-3-yl）-3-（pyridin-3-ylimino）butanamide 3 wi...A series of new dihydropyridines, butanamide, dihydropyridazines and thiourea derivatives have been prepared through the reactions of 3-aminopyridine （1） and N-（pyridin-3-yl）-3-（pyridin-3-ylimino）butanamide 3 with some electrophilic reagents, aryl diazonium salts and isothiocyanates. Elementary analysis, MS, IR, and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the identity of the products.展开更多
Drought stress is themajor abiotic factor that can seriously affect plant growth and crop production.The functions of flavin-containing monooxygenases(FMOs)are known in animals.They addmolecular oxygen to lipophilic c...Drought stress is themajor abiotic factor that can seriously affect plant growth and crop production.The functions of flavin-containing monooxygenases(FMOs)are known in animals.They addmolecular oxygen to lipophilic compounds or produce reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,little information on FMOs in plants is available.Here,we characterized a tomato drought-responsive gene that showed homology to FMO,and it was designated as FMO1.FMO1 was downregulated promptly by drought and ABA treatments.Transgenic functional analysis indicated that RNAi suppression of the expression of FMO1(FMO1-Ri)improved drought tolerance relative to wild-type(WT)plants,whereas overexpression of FMO1(FMO1-OE)reduced drought tolerance.The FMO1-Ri plants exhibited lower ABA accumulation,higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities,and less ROS generation comparedwith theWTand FMO1-OE plants under drought stress.RNA-seq transcriptional analysis revealed the differential expression levels of many drought-responsive genes thatwere co-expressed with FMO1,including PP2Cs,PYLs,WRKY,and LEA.Using Y2H screening,we found that FMO1 physically interacted with catalase 2(CAT2),which is an antioxidant enzyme and confers drought resistance.Our findings suggest that tomato FMO1 negatively regulates tomato drought tolerance in the ABA-dependent pathway and modulates ROS homeostasis by directly binding to SlCAT2.展开更多
Dear Editor,With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of functional genes have been identified.However,the illustration of these gene functions is limited,especially in monocot plant...Dear Editor,With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of functional genes have been identified.However,the illustration of these gene functions is limited,especially in monocot plants(Chen et al.,2022).One of the main reasons is that genetic transformation is still a major bottleneck for these plants.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)-mediated biomolecular delivery methods.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that t...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after the exposure to DEHP. All three genes （P450scc, P450c17, and 38HSD） under study showed an increased expression following exposure to DEHP or MEHP, although some insignificant inhibitory effects appeared in the 10μmol/L treatment group as compared with the controls. It was also found that DEHP or MEHP stimulated INSL3 mRNA and protein especially in the 0.001 μmol/L treatment group. Testosterone secretions were stimulated after the exposure to DEHP or MEHP. Alterations of steroidogenic enzymes and INSL3 in MLTC-1 cells might be involved in the biphasic effects of DEHP/MEHP on androgen production.展开更多
Electronic structure calculation of bulk and monolayer MoS2 has been performed using plane wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. The indirect band gap in the bulk MoS2 was found to be 0.9 eV,...Electronic structure calculation of bulk and monolayer MoS2 has been performed using plane wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. The indirect band gap in the bulk MoS2 was found to be 0.9 eV, whereas in the monolayer-MoS2 the band gap of 1.57 eV was found to be direct one. The calculated physical parameters of monolayer MoS2 are found to be very close to the bulk MoS2 and compare well with available experimental and other theoretical results. The calculated density of states (DOS) may help explain this change in the nature of band gap in bulk and in monolayer MoS2. A further variation in band gap has been observed in MoS2 monolayer on applying biaxial strain.展开更多
The extraction and stripping of scandium from its sulfate solutions by isopropyl phosphonic acid mono (1-hexyl-4-ethyl) octyl ester (PT-2, HL) diluted with n-hexane are reported. A high efficiency of separation betwee...The extraction and stripping of scandium from its sulfate solutions by isopropyl phosphonic acid mono (1-hexyl-4-ethyl) octyl ester (PT-2, HL) diluted with n-hexane are reported. A high efficiency of separation between scandium, iron and lutetium can be achieved by controlling aqueous acidity. Different mechanisms of Sc3+ with PT-2 in various acid range have been proposed.At lower aqueous acidity, it is a cation exchange reaction, while at higher acidity. a solvation reaction was ascertained. Its IR and NMR spectra have been discussed. The effect of temperature on extraction of Sc3+ was observed and thermodynamic functions were calculated.展开更多
The population located along Mono River in the Yoto district faces great challenges in terms of repeated flood disasters in recent years. This paper aims at assessing the conditions which influence flood damage in the...The population located along Mono River in the Yoto district faces great challenges in terms of repeated flood disasters in recent years. This paper aims at assessing the conditions which influence flood damage in the study area by using indicators to compute a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI). The study relies on Turner?et al.’s vulnerability framework and distinguishes three main components (exposure, susceptibility and resilience) that allow a more in-depth analysis and interpretation of local indicators. As a result flood disaster in the study area is not only due to the extreme variability in terms of flood magnitude and frequency in the Mono River, but also to the interaction between human and the environment. The lack of vegetation along the river bank, the closeness of households’ farmlands to the river body, the type of construction and the position of settlements, the household size, the low level education of household head, the lack of diversification of livelihood strategies, the lack of adequate flood warning system, the lack of willingness and ability to take responsive actions coupled with inadequate emergency services, are identified as main determinants increasing communities’ vulnerability to flood disaster. Furthermore, the computation of Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) offers easy comparison of communities’ vulnerability to flood disaster and pinpoints the most vulnerable communities. At the end of the study, flood exposure, susceptibility, resilience and vulnerability maps were generated.展开更多
The hydrologic and hydraulic changings on the behavior of Mono river are the result of the stress involved by human activities, on one hand and the construction of the dam of Nangbéto and the exploitation of sand...The hydrologic and hydraulic changings on the behavior of Mono river are the result of the stress involved by human activities, on one hand and the construction of the dam of Nangbéto and the exploitation of sand in downstream of the dam by the population, between Athiémé and Agbanankin on other hand. That effect had also affected the shape of the sections of the river in the context of climate variability. It shows consequently that area is also a trapping area of sediments eroded in downstream of the dam and is responsible for the trapping of sediments in the river. The slope and the flow rate are the main factors of the real capacity of transport of a watercourse. They also determine the transport of solid flows from upstream to downstream. This drawing model established by taking into account the bathymetry of a transversal section of the Mono river at Athiémé, is the first step of a global investigation of the solid flow transport in the basin of Mono river and the boundary condition for the characterization of its hydro-sedimentary dynamics study. It aims to take into account sections and the used technique which consist to measure on one located section as the representative section of the river at Athiémé, by moving the boat used for bathymetry.展开更多
基金Supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital research project grant CMRPG470051National Science Council of Taiwan grant NSC-96-2314-B-182A-015-MY3
文摘AIM:To investigate the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)and dendritic cells (DCs)that were stimulated by probiotic preparations. METHODS:PBMCs were isolated,cultured,and stimulated with Bio-Three(a mixture of Bacillus mesentericus, Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis;105, 10 6 and 10 7 CFU/mL for 24 h).Cytokine production of (1)circulating PBMCs;(2)PBMCs stimulated by probiotic preparation;(3)monocyte-derived DCs;and(4)DC andT cell co-culture was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Phenotypic analysis of circulating PBMCs was also investigated by flow cytometry.Blood was obtained from individuals who consumed Bio-Three (10 9 CFU/d B.mesentericus,C.butyricum and E.faecalis) for 2 wk,or those who did not take probiotics orally. RESULTS:In culture supernatants,interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin(IL)-10 production increased,but IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)production by PBMCs decreased after 1 and 2 wk of probiotic treatment.Flow cytometry was also performed on day 14 and detected enhanced expression of CD11b,HLA-DR, CD4,CD45RA,CD25,CD44 and CD69 in response to Bio-Three.Furthermore,IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated in supernatants of monocyte-derived DCs,and IFN-γand IL-10 were enhanced in supernatants of CD4 + T cells co-cultured with DCs. CONCLUSION:Bio-Three appeared to stimulate the Th1 immune response,downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α)and upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10).Probiotics could be effective in activation of PBMCs and DCs.
基金supported by Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(No.2016921064,China)Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2016A020217017,China)
文摘Prodrug nanoassemblies, which can refrain from large excipients, achieve higher drug loading and control drug release, have been placed as the priority in drug delivery system. Reasoning that glutathione(GSH) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) are highly upgraded in tumor tissues which makes them attractive targets for drug delivery system, we designed and synthetized a novel prodrug which utilized mono thioether bond as a linker to bridge linoleic acid(LA) and docetaxel(DTX). This mono thioether-linked conjugates(DTX-S-LA) could self-assemble into nanoparticles without the aid of much excipients. The mono thioether endowed the nanoparticles redox sensitivity resulting in specific release at the tumor tissue. Our studies demonstrated that the nanoassemblies had uniform particle size, high stability and fast release behavior. DTX-S-LA nanoassemblies outperformed DTX solution in pharmacokinetic profiles for it had longer circulation time and higher area under curve(AUC). Compared with DTX solution, the redox dual-responsive nanoassemblies had comparable cytotoxic activity. Besides, the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in mice bearing 4 T1 xenograft. It turned out this nanoassemblies couldenhance anticancer efficacy by increasing the dose because of higher tolerance. Overall, these results indicated that the redox sensitivity nanoassemblies may have a great potential to cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6130513361573285)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102016CG002)
文摘When the training data are insufficient, especially when only a small sample size of data is available, domain knowledge will be taken into the process of learning parameters to improve the performance of the Bayesian networks. In this paper, a new monotonic constraint model is proposed to represent a type of common domain knowledge. And then, the monotonic constraint estimation algorithm is proposed to learn the parameters with the monotonic constraint model. In order to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm, series of experiments are carried out. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain more accurate parameters compared to some existing algorithms while the complexity is not the highest.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFD1001800 and 2017YFD0201604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31772125 and 31972234)。
文摘Pepino mosaic virus(PepMV)causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe.To effectively study and manage this viral disease,researchers need new,sensitive,and high-throughput approaches for viral detection.In this study,we purified PepMV particles from the infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and used virions to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridomas secreting anti-PepMV monoclonal antibodies(mAbs).A panel of highly specific and sensitive murine mAbs(15B2,8H6,23D11,20D9,3A6,and 8E3)could be produced through cell fusion,antibody selection,and cell cloning.Using the mAbs as the detection antibodies,we established double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(DAS-ELISA),Dot-ELISA,and Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PepMV infection in tomato plants.Resulting data on sensitivity analysis assays showed that both DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can efficiently monitor the virus in PepMV-infected tissue crude extracts when diluted at 1:1310720 and 1:20480(weight/volume ratio(w/v),g/mL),respectively.Among the three methods developed,the Tissue print-ELISA was found to be the most practical detection technique.Survey results from field samples by the established serological approaches were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and DNA sequencing,dem on strati ng all three serological methods are reliable and effective for monitoring PepMV.An ti-PepMV mAbs and the newly developed DAS-ELISA,Dot-ELISA,and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PepMV detection and field epidemiological study,and management of this viral disease,which is already widespread in tomato plants in Yunnan Province of China.
文摘The filling of rivers generated by carried solid deposit is a factor for the raising of height of rivers and thus activates the floods and inundations. The quantification of carried solid flow charges through their characterization and the analysis of hydrosedimentary dynamics is the second step of the investigation of the solid flow transport in the Mono river. This study aims to quantify the volume of trapped sediments in function of the variation of the geometry of the shape of sections of the river depending of the slope and the flow rate therefore to evaluate the capacity of transport of eroded solid flows of a watercourse from upstream to downstream. Consequently, the decreasing percentage of deposited alluvium from upstream to downstream is calculated along Mono river. Thus the drawn granulometric curve of sediments and the determinate granulometric characteristics of sediments permit to quantify the carried sediment charges at each chosen section with Engelund-Hansen model in Mono river.
基金supported by China Huaneng group technology project(Grant No.HNKJ14-H17)
文摘Artificial planting is an important measure to promote the restoration of degraded grassland and protect the ecological environment. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the allocation pattern between aboveground biomass(AGB) and belowground biomass(BGB) in different seeding types of artificially-planted pastures. We explored the variation in biomass and the relationship between above-and belowground biomass in four artificiallyplanted pastures with one species from Elymus nutans Griseb(EN, perennial), Elymus sibiricus Linn(ES, perennial), Medicago sativa Linn(MS, perennial), and Avena sativa Linn(AS, annual) and in six artificially-planted communities with mixtures of two species by seeding ratio 1:1 from the abovementioned grasses(EN + AS, MS + AS, EN + ES, MS + EN, MS + ES, AS + ES) in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that E. nutans is the most productive species with the highest biomass production among the single crops. MS + ES was the most productive group in 2015, while the group with the highest biomass production changed to AS + ES in 2016. AGB was positively correlated to BGB in the surface soil layer in the first year, but positively related to BGB in the subsoil layer in the second year. In the early stageof artificial grassland succession, plants allocated more biomass to aboveground parts, with a root to shoot(R/S) ratio of 1.98. The slope of the log-log relationship between AGB and BGB was 1.07 in 2016, which is consistent with the isometric theory. Different sowing patterns strongly affected the accumulation and allocation of biomass in artificiallyplanted grassland, E. sibiricus was the suitable plant in the alpine regions, which will be conducive to understanding vegetation restoration and plant interactions in the future.
文摘A series of new dihydropyridines, butanamide, dihydropyridazines and thiourea derivatives have been prepared through the reactions of 3-aminopyridine （1） and N-（pyridin-3-yl）-3-（pyridin-3-ylimino）butanamide 3 with some electrophilic reagents, aryl diazonium salts and isothiocyanates. Elementary analysis, MS, IR, and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the identity of the products.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872123)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0333)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.XDJK2020B060).
文摘Drought stress is themajor abiotic factor that can seriously affect plant growth and crop production.The functions of flavin-containing monooxygenases(FMOs)are known in animals.They addmolecular oxygen to lipophilic compounds or produce reactive oxygen species(ROS).However,little information on FMOs in plants is available.Here,we characterized a tomato drought-responsive gene that showed homology to FMO,and it was designated as FMO1.FMO1 was downregulated promptly by drought and ABA treatments.Transgenic functional analysis indicated that RNAi suppression of the expression of FMO1(FMO1-Ri)improved drought tolerance relative to wild-type(WT)plants,whereas overexpression of FMO1(FMO1-OE)reduced drought tolerance.The FMO1-Ri plants exhibited lower ABA accumulation,higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities,and less ROS generation comparedwith theWTand FMO1-OE plants under drought stress.RNA-seq transcriptional analysis revealed the differential expression levels of many drought-responsive genes thatwere co-expressed with FMO1,including PP2Cs,PYLs,WRKY,and LEA.Using Y2H screening,we found that FMO1 physically interacted with catalase 2(CAT2),which is an antioxidant enzyme and confers drought resistance.Our findings suggest that tomato FMO1 negatively regulates tomato drought tolerance in the ABA-dependent pathway and modulates ROS homeostasis by directly binding to SlCAT2.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0903900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070614,31801078)+1 种基金Guangdong Innovation Research Team Fund(2014ZT05S078)Guangdong Province Natural Sciences Fund Project(2020A1515011567)。
文摘Dear Editor,With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,a large number of functional genes have been identified.However,the illustration of these gene functions is limited,especially in monocot plants(Chen et al.,2022).One of the main reasons is that genetic transformation is still a major bottleneck for these plants.Recently,nanoparticles(NPs)-mediated biomolecular delivery methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273028)
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of DEHP and MEHP on steroidogenesis in a murine Leydig tumor cell line （MLTC-1） in vitro. The result of flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly increased after the exposure to DEHP. All three genes （P450scc, P450c17, and 38HSD） under study showed an increased expression following exposure to DEHP or MEHP, although some insignificant inhibitory effects appeared in the 10μmol/L treatment group as compared with the controls. It was also found that DEHP or MEHP stimulated INSL3 mRNA and protein especially in the 0.001 μmol/L treatment group. Testosterone secretions were stimulated after the exposure to DEHP or MEHP. Alterations of steroidogenic enzymes and INSL3 in MLTC-1 cells might be involved in the biphasic effects of DEHP/MEHP on androgen production.
文摘Electronic structure calculation of bulk and monolayer MoS2 has been performed using plane wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory. The indirect band gap in the bulk MoS2 was found to be 0.9 eV, whereas in the monolayer-MoS2 the band gap of 1.57 eV was found to be direct one. The calculated physical parameters of monolayer MoS2 are found to be very close to the bulk MoS2 and compare well with available experimental and other theoretical results. The calculated density of states (DOS) may help explain this change in the nature of band gap in bulk and in monolayer MoS2. A further variation in band gap has been observed in MoS2 monolayer on applying biaxial strain.
文摘The extraction and stripping of scandium from its sulfate solutions by isopropyl phosphonic acid mono (1-hexyl-4-ethyl) octyl ester (PT-2, HL) diluted with n-hexane are reported. A high efficiency of separation between scandium, iron and lutetium can be achieved by controlling aqueous acidity. Different mechanisms of Sc3+ with PT-2 in various acid range have been proposed.At lower aqueous acidity, it is a cation exchange reaction, while at higher acidity. a solvation reaction was ascertained. Its IR and NMR spectra have been discussed. The effect of temperature on extraction of Sc3+ was observed and thermodynamic functions were calculated.
文摘The population located along Mono River in the Yoto district faces great challenges in terms of repeated flood disasters in recent years. This paper aims at assessing the conditions which influence flood damage in the study area by using indicators to compute a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI). The study relies on Turner?et al.’s vulnerability framework and distinguishes three main components (exposure, susceptibility and resilience) that allow a more in-depth analysis and interpretation of local indicators. As a result flood disaster in the study area is not only due to the extreme variability in terms of flood magnitude and frequency in the Mono River, but also to the interaction between human and the environment. The lack of vegetation along the river bank, the closeness of households’ farmlands to the river body, the type of construction and the position of settlements, the household size, the low level education of household head, the lack of diversification of livelihood strategies, the lack of adequate flood warning system, the lack of willingness and ability to take responsive actions coupled with inadequate emergency services, are identified as main determinants increasing communities’ vulnerability to flood disaster. Furthermore, the computation of Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) offers easy comparison of communities’ vulnerability to flood disaster and pinpoints the most vulnerable communities. At the end of the study, flood exposure, susceptibility, resilience and vulnerability maps were generated.
文摘The hydrologic and hydraulic changings on the behavior of Mono river are the result of the stress involved by human activities, on one hand and the construction of the dam of Nangbéto and the exploitation of sand in downstream of the dam by the population, between Athiémé and Agbanankin on other hand. That effect had also affected the shape of the sections of the river in the context of climate variability. It shows consequently that area is also a trapping area of sediments eroded in downstream of the dam and is responsible for the trapping of sediments in the river. The slope and the flow rate are the main factors of the real capacity of transport of a watercourse. They also determine the transport of solid flows from upstream to downstream. This drawing model established by taking into account the bathymetry of a transversal section of the Mono river at Athiémé, is the first step of a global investigation of the solid flow transport in the basin of Mono river and the boundary condition for the characterization of its hydro-sedimentary dynamics study. It aims to take into account sections and the used technique which consist to measure on one located section as the representative section of the river at Athiémé, by moving the boat used for bathymetry.
