稻纵卷叶螟因其发生面积大、暴发频率高、致害程度重而成为我国水稻生产上的重要害虫。为了阐明大气背景对其北迁重大过程的影响,利用2000—2012年中国稻纵卷叶螟灯诱数据分析了我国水稻主产区稻纵卷叶螟迁入的主要特征;选取2007年7月...稻纵卷叶螟因其发生面积大、暴发频率高、致害程度重而成为我国水稻生产上的重要害虫。为了阐明大气背景对其北迁重大过程的影响,利用2000—2012年中国稻纵卷叶螟灯诱数据分析了我国水稻主产区稻纵卷叶螟迁入的主要特征;选取2007年7月下旬的一次重大北迁过程作为典型个例,运用中尺度天气研究和预报模式WRF,结合NCEP气象再分析资料,模拟了这一过程的大气背景,推算了稻纵卷叶螟的迁飞轨迹,并分析了大气背景对稻纵卷叶螟灾变性迁入的影响。研究表明:(1)这13年中,我国稻纵卷叶螟的迁入大多在3月初始见,3—8月为北迁期,从南到北先后在华南、西南、江岭、江淮稻区出现迁入峰;9—11月为南迁期,从北到南先后迁入江淮、江岭、华南稻区并出现相应的迁入峰,10月底至11月初为终见期。(2)北迁个例中各站逆推轨迹分析显示:包括再迁飞在内的不同时段虫源地基本上位于降虫区的西南方,迁飞高度都变化于550—850 m之间,但在沿海地区降落的稻纵卷叶螟迁飞轨迹是复杂的。(3)水平气流是稻纵卷叶螟远距离北迁的主要运载动力,925 h Pa上南方稻区一致的偏南气流对稻纵卷叶螟北迁极为有利;三维流场的起伏、特别是垂直气流的强弱变化对迁飞高度的变化起重要的作用。(4)下沉气流和降水是稻纵卷叶螟降落的关键动力因素,两者都对降虫有明显影响。(5)在这一北迁过程中,稻纵卷叶螟种群多降落在相对湿度大的区域,降虫区的相对湿度均在75%以上。展开更多
The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the ...The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the yaw stability is seldom considered during trajectory tracking. In this research, a combination of the longitudinal–lateral control method with the yaw stability in the trajectory tracking for autonomous vehicles is studied. Based on the vehicle dynamics, considering the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle, the velocity tracking and trajectory tracking problems can be attributed to the longitudinal and lateral control. A sliding mode variable structure control method is used in the longitudinal control. The total driving force is obtained from the velocity error in order to carry out velocity tracking. A linear time-varying model predictive control method is used in the lateral control to predict the required front wheel angle for trajectory tracking. Furthermore, a combined control framework is established to control the longitudinal and lateral motions and improve the reliability of the longitudinal and lateral direction control. On this basis, the driving force of a tire is allocated reasonably by using the direct yaw moment control, which ensures good yaw stability of the vehicle when tracking the trajectory. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy is good in tracking the reference velocity and trajectory and improves the performance of the stability of the vehicle.展开更多
Using a statistical model for simulating tropical cyclone （TC） formation and a trajectory model for simulating TC tracks, the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） on the peak-season （July-Septembe...Using a statistical model for simulating tropical cyclone （TC） formation and a trajectory model for simulating TC tracks, the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） on the peak-season （July-September） TC prevailing tracks in the western North Pacific basin is assessed based on 14 selected El Nino and 14 selected La Nina years during the period 1950-2007. It is found that the combination of statistical formation model and a trajectory model can simulate well the primary features of TC prevailing tracks on the interannual timescale. In the El Nino years, the significant enhancement of TC activity primarily occurs south of 20°N, especially east of 130°E. TCs that take the northwestward prevailing track and affect East Asia, including Taiwan Island, the Chinese mainland, Korea, and Japan, tend to move more westward in the El Nino years, while taking a more northward track in the La Nina years. Numerical simulations confirm that the ENSO-related changes in large-scale steering flows and TC formation locations can have a considerable influence on TC prevailing tracks.展开更多
文摘稻纵卷叶螟因其发生面积大、暴发频率高、致害程度重而成为我国水稻生产上的重要害虫。为了阐明大气背景对其北迁重大过程的影响,利用2000—2012年中国稻纵卷叶螟灯诱数据分析了我国水稻主产区稻纵卷叶螟迁入的主要特征;选取2007年7月下旬的一次重大北迁过程作为典型个例,运用中尺度天气研究和预报模式WRF,结合NCEP气象再分析资料,模拟了这一过程的大气背景,推算了稻纵卷叶螟的迁飞轨迹,并分析了大气背景对稻纵卷叶螟灾变性迁入的影响。研究表明:(1)这13年中,我国稻纵卷叶螟的迁入大多在3月初始见,3—8月为北迁期,从南到北先后在华南、西南、江岭、江淮稻区出现迁入峰;9—11月为南迁期,从北到南先后迁入江淮、江岭、华南稻区并出现相应的迁入峰,10月底至11月初为终见期。(2)北迁个例中各站逆推轨迹分析显示:包括再迁飞在内的不同时段虫源地基本上位于降虫区的西南方,迁飞高度都变化于550—850 m之间,但在沿海地区降落的稻纵卷叶螟迁飞轨迹是复杂的。(3)水平气流是稻纵卷叶螟远距离北迁的主要运载动力,925 h Pa上南方稻区一致的偏南气流对稻纵卷叶螟北迁极为有利;三维流场的起伏、特别是垂直气流的强弱变化对迁飞高度的变化起重要的作用。(4)下沉气流和降水是稻纵卷叶螟降落的关键动力因素,两者都对降虫有明显影响。(5)在这一北迁过程中,稻纵卷叶螟种群多降落在相对湿度大的区域,降虫区的相对湿度均在75%以上。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51575103,11672127,U1664258)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.NT2018002)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2017T100365,2016M601799)the Fundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA(Grant No.k j20180207)
文摘The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the yaw stability is seldom considered during trajectory tracking. In this research, a combination of the longitudinal–lateral control method with the yaw stability in the trajectory tracking for autonomous vehicles is studied. Based on the vehicle dynamics, considering the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle, the velocity tracking and trajectory tracking problems can be attributed to the longitudinal and lateral control. A sliding mode variable structure control method is used in the longitudinal control. The total driving force is obtained from the velocity error in order to carry out velocity tracking. A linear time-varying model predictive control method is used in the lateral control to predict the required front wheel angle for trajectory tracking. Furthermore, a combined control framework is established to control the longitudinal and lateral motions and improve the reliability of the longitudinal and lateral direction control. On this basis, the driving force of a tire is allocated reasonably by using the direct yaw moment control, which ensures good yaw stability of the vehicle when tracking the trajectory. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy is good in tracking the reference velocity and trajectory and improves the performance of the stability of the vehicle.
基金supported by the Typhoon Research Project (2009CB421503) of the National Basic Research Program (the 973 Program) of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFCGrant No. 408750387)+2 种基金the Social Commonwealth Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (GYHY200806009)The research project was funded by the Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province Graduate Study Innovation Plan (CX09B 224Z)ZHOU Weican was supported by the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Pro-gram (KLME 060206)
文摘Using a statistical model for simulating tropical cyclone （TC） formation and a trajectory model for simulating TC tracks, the influence of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） on the peak-season （July-September） TC prevailing tracks in the western North Pacific basin is assessed based on 14 selected El Nino and 14 selected La Nina years during the period 1950-2007. It is found that the combination of statistical formation model and a trajectory model can simulate well the primary features of TC prevailing tracks on the interannual timescale. In the El Nino years, the significant enhancement of TC activity primarily occurs south of 20°N, especially east of 130°E. TCs that take the northwestward prevailing track and affect East Asia, including Taiwan Island, the Chinese mainland, Korea, and Japan, tend to move more westward in the El Nino years, while taking a more northward track in the La Nina years. Numerical simulations confirm that the ENSO-related changes in large-scale steering flows and TC formation locations can have a considerable influence on TC prevailing tracks.
