对比研究了藻菌混合包埋（MI）和藻菌分层包埋SI1（藻外菌内）、SI2（藻内菌外）固定化藻菌对养殖废水中氮、磷的去除效果,以及光照、温度对3种处理脱氮去磷的影响。试验结果表明,在设计条件下处理72 h MI与SI2对氮的去除率分别为91.20%...对比研究了藻菌混合包埋（MI）和藻菌分层包埋SI1（藻外菌内）、SI2（藻内菌外）固定化藻菌对养殖废水中氮、磷的去除效果,以及光照、温度对3种处理脱氮去磷的影响。试验结果表明,在设计条件下处理72 h MI与SI2对氮的去除率分别为91.20%和90.77%,显著高于SI1。MI与SI1的去磷效果显著强于SI2,处理72 h后2者对磷的去除率分别为90.31%和84.78%,SI2仅为32.09%。当[光]照度〈6 000 lx时,SI2氮去除率在88%以上,显著高于MI与SI1;[光]照度〉6 000 lx时,SI2与MI对氮的去除率均高于89%,显著高于SI1。MI与SI1对磷的去除率在85%以上,显著高于SI2。MI、SI1、SI2去除氮、磷的最佳温度为20-30℃。展开更多
The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polycyclic aromatics (PCA), nonvolatile suspended solids and volatile suspended solids besides other important parameters, total hardness, calcium hardness, CO<sub>2</su...The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polycyclic aromatics (PCA), nonvolatile suspended solids and volatile suspended solids besides other important parameters, total hardness, calcium hardness, CO<sub>2</sub> content, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sedimentation time, chemical oxygen demands, biochemical oxygen demands, pH value after sedimentation and pH after coagulation in aerobic treatment are surveyed due to the changes in fast mixing rate. The experimental results show the TPH removal percentage and PCA removal percentage increases from 53.5% to 62.8% and 43.8% to 46.3% with increasing of nano dosage from 1 gr to 2.5 gr, respectively.展开更多
A type of port with a movable cover is designed to increase initial dilution and prevent sea water and sediments from intruding into outfall systems.Horizontal radial jets pro- duced by this type of port in a current ...A type of port with a movable cover is designed to increase initial dilution and prevent sea water and sediments from intruding into outfall systems.Horizontal radial jets pro- duced by this type of port in a current are investigated experimentally and theoretically.The analysis based on Reynolds'equations and self-similarity hypothesis shows that the maximum ve- locity of radial jets decays with r^(-1.5).The relationships between the width,thickness,average di- lution of a submerged wastefield along flow,and the parameters of the port,jet and ambient are established quantitatively and verified by experiments.It is demonstrated that the dilution of horizontal radial jets is much higher than that of vertical round jets and the surface boil point of the former is much more distant than that of the latter.展开更多
Turbulence is defined as an eddy-like state of fluid motion where the inertial-vortex forces of the eddies are larger than any of the other forces that tend to damp the eddies out. Energy cascades of irrotational flow...Turbulence is defined as an eddy-like state of fluid motion where the inertial-vortex forces of the eddies are larger than any of the other forces that tend to damp the eddies out. Energy cascades of irrotational flows from large scales to small are non-turbulent, even if they supply energy to turbulence. Turbulent flows are rotational and cascade from small scales to large, with feedback. Viscous forces limit the smallest turbulent eddy size to the Kolmogorov scale. In stratified fluids, buoyancy forces limit large vertical overturns to the Ozmidov scale and convert the largest turbulent eddies into a unique class of saturated, non-propagating, internal waves, termed fossil-vorticity-turbulence. These waves have the same energy but different properties and spectral forms than the original turbulence patch. The Gibson (1980, 1986) theory of fossil turbulence applies universal similarity theories of turbulence and turbulent mixing to the vertical evolution of an isolated patch of turbulence in a stratified fluid as its growth is constrained and fossilized by buoyancy forces. Quantitative hydrodynamic-phase-diagrams (HPDs) from the theory are used to classify microstructure patches according to their hydrodynamic states. When analyzed in HPD space, previously published oceanic datasets showed their dominant microstructure patches are fossilized at large scales in all layers. Laboratory and field measurements suggested phytoplankton species with different swimming abilities adjust their growth strategies by pattern recognition of turbulence-fossil-turbulence dissipation and persistence times that predict survival-relevant surface layer sea changes. New data collected near a Honolulu waste-water outfall showed the small-to-large evolution of oceanic turbulence microstructure from active to fossil states, and revealed the ability of fossil-density-turbulence patches to absorb, and vertically radiate, internal wave energy, information, and enhanced turbulent-mixing-rates toward the sea surface so that the submerged was展开更多
文摘The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polycyclic aromatics (PCA), nonvolatile suspended solids and volatile suspended solids besides other important parameters, total hardness, calcium hardness, CO<sub>2</sub> content, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, sedimentation time, chemical oxygen demands, biochemical oxygen demands, pH value after sedimentation and pH after coagulation in aerobic treatment are surveyed due to the changes in fast mixing rate. The experimental results show the TPH removal percentage and PCA removal percentage increases from 53.5% to 62.8% and 43.8% to 46.3% with increasing of nano dosage from 1 gr to 2.5 gr, respectively.
文摘A type of port with a movable cover is designed to increase initial dilution and prevent sea water and sediments from intruding into outfall systems.Horizontal radial jets pro- duced by this type of port in a current are investigated experimentally and theoretically.The analysis based on Reynolds'equations and self-similarity hypothesis shows that the maximum ve- locity of radial jets decays with r^(-1.5).The relationships between the width,thickness,average di- lution of a submerged wastefield along flow,and the parameters of the port,jet and ambient are established quantitatively and verified by experiments.It is demonstrated that the dilution of horizontal radial jets is much higher than that of vertical round jets and the surface boil point of the former is much more distant than that of the latter.
文摘Turbulence is defined as an eddy-like state of fluid motion where the inertial-vortex forces of the eddies are larger than any of the other forces that tend to damp the eddies out. Energy cascades of irrotational flows from large scales to small are non-turbulent, even if they supply energy to turbulence. Turbulent flows are rotational and cascade from small scales to large, with feedback. Viscous forces limit the smallest turbulent eddy size to the Kolmogorov scale. In stratified fluids, buoyancy forces limit large vertical overturns to the Ozmidov scale and convert the largest turbulent eddies into a unique class of saturated, non-propagating, internal waves, termed fossil-vorticity-turbulence. These waves have the same energy but different properties and spectral forms than the original turbulence patch. The Gibson (1980, 1986) theory of fossil turbulence applies universal similarity theories of turbulence and turbulent mixing to the vertical evolution of an isolated patch of turbulence in a stratified fluid as its growth is constrained and fossilized by buoyancy forces. Quantitative hydrodynamic-phase-diagrams (HPDs) from the theory are used to classify microstructure patches according to their hydrodynamic states. When analyzed in HPD space, previously published oceanic datasets showed their dominant microstructure patches are fossilized at large scales in all layers. Laboratory and field measurements suggested phytoplankton species with different swimming abilities adjust their growth strategies by pattern recognition of turbulence-fossil-turbulence dissipation and persistence times that predict survival-relevant surface layer sea changes. New data collected near a Honolulu waste-water outfall showed the small-to-large evolution of oceanic turbulence microstructure from active to fossil states, and revealed the ability of fossil-density-turbulence patches to absorb, and vertically radiate, internal wave energy, information, and enhanced turbulent-mixing-rates toward the sea surface so that the submerged was
