Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biologic...Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） and eight heavy metal elements （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co） were examined in young paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm^2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm^2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.展开更多
The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical Pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in t...The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical Pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in the tropical Pacific have a zonal dipole pattern with 160°W as its axis and a meridional seesaw pattern with 6-8°N as its transverse axis.The meridional oscillation has a phase lag of about 90° to the zonal oscillation,both oscillations get together to form the El Ni?o/La Ni?a cycle,which be-haves as a mixed layer water oscillates anticlockwise within the tropical Pacific basin between equator and 12°N.(2) There are two main patterns of wind stress anomalies in the tropical Pacific,of which the first component caused by trade wind anomaly is characterized by the zonal wind stress anomalies and its corresponding divergences field in the equatorial Pacific,and the abnormal cross-equatorial flow wind stress and its corresponding divergence field,which has a sign opposite to that of the equatorial region,in the off-equator of the tropical North Pacific,and the second component represents the wind stress anomalies and corresponding divergences caused by the ITCZ anomaly.(3) The trade winds anomaly plays a decisive role in the strength and phase transition of the ENSO cycle,which results in the sea level tilting,provides an initial potential energy to the mixed layer water oscillation,and causes the opposite thermocline displacement between the west side and east side of the equator and also between the equator and 12°N of the North Pacific basin,therefore determines the amplitude and route for ENSO cycle.The ITCZ anomaly has some effects on the phase transition.(4) The thermal anomaly of the tropical western Pacific causes the wind stress anomaly and extends eastward along the equator accompanied with the mixed layer water oscillation in the equatorial Pacific,which causes the trade winds anomaly and produces the anomalous wind stress and the corresponding divergence in favor to conduce the oscillatio展开更多
A dataset of hourly sea surface temperature(SST) from the period 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2012, and covering the global ocean at a resolution of 0.3°× 0.3°, was created using a validated ocean mixe...A dataset of hourly sea surface temperature(SST) from the period 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2012, and covering the global ocean at a resolution of 0.3°× 0.3°, was created using a validated ocean mixed-layer model(MLSST). The model inputs were heat flux and surface wind speed obtained from the Coupled Forecast System Reanalysis dataset. Comparisons with in-situ data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array and the National Data Buoy Center showed that the MLSST fitted very well with observations, with a mean bias of 0.07℃, and a root-mean-square error(RMSE) and correlation coefficient of 0.37℃ and 0.98, respectively. Also, the MLSST fields successfully reproduced the diurnal cycle of SST in the in-situ data, with a mean bias of -0.005℃ and RMSE of 0.26℃. The 31-year climatology revealed that the diurnal range was small across most regions, with higher values in the eastern and western equatorial Pacific, northern Indian Ocean, western Central America, northwestern Australia, and several coastal regions. Significant seasonal variation of diurnal SST existed in all basins. In the Atlantic and Pacific basins, this seasonal pattern was oriented north–south, following the variation in solar insolation, whereas in the Indian basin it was dominated by monsoonal variability. At the interannual scale, the results highlighted the relationship between diurnal and interannual variations of SST, and revealed that the diurnal warming in the central equatorial Pacific could be a potential climatic indicator for ENSO prediction.展开更多
以介孔硅胶为载体,采用"嫁接+浸渍"两步法制备了混合胺(APTS+TEPA)修饰的介孔硅胶吸附剂。在固定床中考察了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载量、吸附温度、进气流量对CO2吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附剂的...以介孔硅胶为载体,采用"嫁接+浸渍"两步法制备了混合胺(APTS+TEPA)修饰的介孔硅胶吸附剂。在固定床中考察了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载量、吸附温度、进气流量对CO2吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附剂的循环稳定性。结果表明,当APTS负载量30%,TEPA负载量30%(TEPA30-APTS30-MSG),吸附温度为70℃,进气流量为30 m L/min时,该吸附剂表现出最好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量高达3.04 mmol/g,较纯TEPA浸渍提高了37.6%。该吸附剂经10次吸脱附循环后,饱和吸附量仅下降2.96%,具有较好的循环稳定性。展开更多
The growing global competition compels manufacturing organizations to engage themselves in all productivity improvement activities. In this direction, the consideration of mixed-model assembly line balancing problem a...The growing global competition compels manufacturing organizations to engage themselves in all productivity improvement activities. In this direction, the consideration of mixed-model assembly line balancing problem and implementing in industries plays a major role in improving organizational productivity. In this paper, the mixed model assembly line balancing problem with deterministic task times is considered. The authors made an attempt to develop a genetic algorithm for realistic design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem. The design is made using the originnal task times of the models, which is a realistic approach. Then, it is compared with the generally perceived design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30571487the Key project of State Forestry Administration（2006-11, 2006-17）+1 种基金the Urban Forest Ecological Key Laboratory of Hunan Province（No. 06FJ3083）and the Platform Construction Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China（No. 20021220）.
文摘Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） and eight heavy metal elements （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co） were examined in young paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm^2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm^2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.
基金Supported by the National Basic Science Key Program in China (Grant No 2006CB403601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 40576016 and 40306006)the Frontier Project of Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No 20032111)
文摘The main modes of interannal variabilities of thermocline and sea surface wind stress in the tropical Pacific and their interactions are investigated,which show the following results.(1) The thermocline anomalies in the tropical Pacific have a zonal dipole pattern with 160°W as its axis and a meridional seesaw pattern with 6-8°N as its transverse axis.The meridional oscillation has a phase lag of about 90° to the zonal oscillation,both oscillations get together to form the El Ni?o/La Ni?a cycle,which be-haves as a mixed layer water oscillates anticlockwise within the tropical Pacific basin between equator and 12°N.(2) There are two main patterns of wind stress anomalies in the tropical Pacific,of which the first component caused by trade wind anomaly is characterized by the zonal wind stress anomalies and its corresponding divergences field in the equatorial Pacific,and the abnormal cross-equatorial flow wind stress and its corresponding divergence field,which has a sign opposite to that of the equatorial region,in the off-equator of the tropical North Pacific,and the second component represents the wind stress anomalies and corresponding divergences caused by the ITCZ anomaly.(3) The trade winds anomaly plays a decisive role in the strength and phase transition of the ENSO cycle,which results in the sea level tilting,provides an initial potential energy to the mixed layer water oscillation,and causes the opposite thermocline displacement between the west side and east side of the equator and also between the equator and 12°N of the North Pacific basin,therefore determines the amplitude and route for ENSO cycle.The ITCZ anomaly has some effects on the phase transition.(4) The thermal anomaly of the tropical western Pacific causes the wind stress anomaly and extends eastward along the equator accompanied with the mixed layer water oscillation in the equatorial Pacific,which causes the trade winds anomaly and produces the anomalous wind stress and the corresponding divergence in favor to conduce the oscillatio
基金support of the National Programme on Global Change and Air–Sea Interaction (GASI-IPOVAI-06)the National Basic Research (973) Program of China (Grant No.2014CB745004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41376016)
文摘A dataset of hourly sea surface temperature(SST) from the period 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2012, and covering the global ocean at a resolution of 0.3°× 0.3°, was created using a validated ocean mixed-layer model(MLSST). The model inputs were heat flux and surface wind speed obtained from the Coupled Forecast System Reanalysis dataset. Comparisons with in-situ data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array and the National Data Buoy Center showed that the MLSST fitted very well with observations, with a mean bias of 0.07℃, and a root-mean-square error(RMSE) and correlation coefficient of 0.37℃ and 0.98, respectively. Also, the MLSST fields successfully reproduced the diurnal cycle of SST in the in-situ data, with a mean bias of -0.005℃ and RMSE of 0.26℃. The 31-year climatology revealed that the diurnal range was small across most regions, with higher values in the eastern and western equatorial Pacific, northern Indian Ocean, western Central America, northwestern Australia, and several coastal regions. Significant seasonal variation of diurnal SST existed in all basins. In the Atlantic and Pacific basins, this seasonal pattern was oriented north–south, following the variation in solar insolation, whereas in the Indian basin it was dominated by monsoonal variability. At the interannual scale, the results highlighted the relationship between diurnal and interannual variations of SST, and revealed that the diurnal warming in the central equatorial Pacific could be a potential climatic indicator for ENSO prediction.
文摘以介孔硅胶为载体,采用"嫁接+浸渍"两步法制备了混合胺(APTS+TEPA)修饰的介孔硅胶吸附剂。在固定床中考察了3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTS)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)负载量、吸附温度、进气流量对CO2吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附剂的循环稳定性。结果表明,当APTS负载量30%,TEPA负载量30%(TEPA30-APTS30-MSG),吸附温度为70℃,进气流量为30 m L/min时,该吸附剂表现出最好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量高达3.04 mmol/g,较纯TEPA浸渍提高了37.6%。该吸附剂经10次吸脱附循环后,饱和吸附量仅下降2.96%,具有较好的循环稳定性。
文摘The growing global competition compels manufacturing organizations to engage themselves in all productivity improvement activities. In this direction, the consideration of mixed-model assembly line balancing problem and implementing in industries plays a major role in improving organizational productivity. In this paper, the mixed model assembly line balancing problem with deterministic task times is considered. The authors made an attempt to develop a genetic algorithm for realistic design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem. The design is made using the originnal task times of the models, which is a realistic approach. Then, it is compared with the generally perceived design of the mixed-model assembly line balancing problem.
