This study investigates why an extreme hot midsummer occurred in Central and South China(CSC) during 2017. It is shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) was abnormally intensified and westward-ext...This study investigates why an extreme hot midsummer occurred in Central and South China(CSC) during 2017. It is shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) was abnormally intensified and westward-extending,resulting in anomalous high pressure and consequent extreme heat over CSC. The abnormal WNPSH was favored by the warming of the western tropical Pacific(WTP), which was unrelated to ENSO and manifested its own individual effect.The WTP warming enhanced the convection in-situ and led to anomalous high pressure over CSC via a local meridional circulation. The influence of the WTP was confirmed by CAM4 model experiments. A comparison between the 2017 midsummer and 2010 midsummer(with a stronger WNPSH but weaker extreme heat) indicated that the influence of the WNPSH on extreme heat can be modulated by the associated precipitation in the northwestern flank.The role of the WTP was verified by regression analyses on the interannual variation of the WTP sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). On the other hand, the WTP has undergone prominent warming during the past few decades, resulting from decadal to long-term changes and favoring extreme warm conditions. Through a mechanism similar to the interannual variation, the decadal to long-term changes have reinforced the influence of WTP warming on the temperature over CSC,contributing to the more frequent hot midsummers recently. It is estimated that more than 50% of the temperature anomaly over CSC in the 2017 midsummer was due to the WTP warming, and 40% was related to the decadal to long-term changes of the WTP SSTA.展开更多
青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南...青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南北反相型(North-South Reverse Type,NSRT)为主,全区一致型(Whole Region Consistent Type,WRCT)次之;盛夏高原降水以WRCT为主。高原降水呈现NSRT分布时,初夏水汽由高原南部输向北部,而盛夏高原北部为水汽辐合区,南部为水汽辐散区。高原降水呈现WRCT分布时,初夏高原水汽主要来自西太平洋,盛夏水汽主要来自阿拉伯海向东转向的水汽输送,该水汽输送由高原西南地区进入高原。在500 h Pa位势高度场上,初夏(盛夏)降水两种主要空间分布型的位势高度差异以经(纬)向差异为主,且影响高原降水异常分布的系统多为深厚系统。展开更多
利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与...利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与东亚夏季风的联系,结果表明:盛夏南海低空越赤道气流(SCEF)强度指数与南海夏季风强度指数呈显著的正相关关系,与东亚副热带夏季风强度指数呈显著的负相关关系。当盛夏SCEF偏强(弱)时,亚洲热带低压及西太平洋赤道辐合带增强(减弱),西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、东撤(西伸),南海北部和西北太平洋地区为明显的气旋式(反气旋式)环流异常,使得南海夏季风增强(减弱)和东亚副热带夏季风减弱(增强)。此外,当盛夏SCEF偏强时,由于东亚副热带夏季风减弱,我国华南地区为东北风异常,华北地区为偏南风异常,受其影响,我国华南地区为显著的水汽辐合区,华中地区为显著的水汽辐散区,使得盛夏华南地区降水增多,华中地区降水减少;反之亦然。展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP an...[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP analysis field and automatic station,a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which occurred in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009 was analyzed.The formation reason of continuous rainy process in midsummer was discussed.The circulation characteristics and influence systems of continuous rainy process were revealed.On the base,the influences of configuration of circulation fields and difference of physical quantity fields at high and low layers on range and intensity of precipitation were analyzed.[Result] According to the circulation situation and influence system,the continuous rainy process could be divided into four stages:July 22-24,from July 27 to August 1,August 4-8 and August 9-14.Moreover,it was respectively affected by northeast low vortex,cold and warm air,high-level low trough,typhoon and periphery of subtropical high at four stages.The maintenance of big specific humidity zone provided sufficient water vapor condition for the continuous rainy weather.The rainstorm appeared in dense zone of specific humidity line,where the specific humidity >13 g/kg in the humidity front zone.A temperature trough maintained at 850 hPa.The cold air which continued to diffuse and go south was main reason of the abnormally low temperature during the continuous rainy period.Moreover,it provided ascending motion condition for precipitation maintenance.[Conclusion] The research provided references for actual forecast of continuous rainy weather.展开更多
Despite that A Midsummer Night's Dreamand The Tempest were written at almost the beginning and the closing of Shakespeare's career respectively, they demonstrate a surprising similarity in so many ways. This a...Despite that A Midsummer Night's Dreamand The Tempest were written at almost the beginning and the closing of Shakespeare's career respectively, they demonstrate a surprising similarity in so many ways. This article intends to compare and analyze the two plays in terms of their similarities in technique, structure, characters as well as the application of a Chain of Beings.展开更多
Due to their huge socio-economic impacts and complex formation causes,extreme and continuous drought events have become the focus and nodus of research in recent years.In the midsummer(July-August)of 2022,a severe dro...Due to their huge socio-economic impacts and complex formation causes,extreme and continuous drought events have become the focus and nodus of research in recent years.In the midsummer(July-August)of 2022,a severe drought event occurred in the whole Yangtze River Basin(YRB),China.During that period,the precipitation in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the YRB dropped over 40%less than the 1961-2021 climatic mean,which had never happened previously.Furthermore,the temperature was the highest during 1961-2022.The record-breaking magnitude of less rainfall and high temperature directly led to the continuous development of this extreme drought event.An atmospheric moisture budget analysis revealed that the YRB midsummer rainfall anomaly was dominated by the anomalous powerful vertical moisture advection,which was derived from the strongest descending motion over the whole YRB in the 2022 midsummer during 1981-2022.The western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)during the midsummer remained stronger,more westward and lasted longer than the climatic mean.As a result,the whole YRB was controlled by a positive geopotential height centre.Further evidence revealed that the anomalous subtropical zonal flow played a crucial role in inducing the extreme descent over the YRB.Moreover,the anomalous upper-tropospheric easterly flow over the YRB in 2022 is the strongest during 1981-2022,modulating the generation of the unprecedented descent anomaly over the YRB.The likelihood that an integrated connection of severe drought in East Asia and flood in West Asia and northwestern South Asia would increase when the extremely strong easterly anomalies in the upper troposphere emerged and induced descending adiabatic flow on the eastern sides of the Tibetan Plateau.The results of this study can provide scientific insights into the predictability of extreme drought events and provide ways to improve predictions.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0600601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41605027, 41721004, 41530530 and 41731173)+1 种基金the Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program, the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘This study investigates why an extreme hot midsummer occurred in Central and South China(CSC) during 2017. It is shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) was abnormally intensified and westward-extending,resulting in anomalous high pressure and consequent extreme heat over CSC. The abnormal WNPSH was favored by the warming of the western tropical Pacific(WTP), which was unrelated to ENSO and manifested its own individual effect.The WTP warming enhanced the convection in-situ and led to anomalous high pressure over CSC via a local meridional circulation. The influence of the WTP was confirmed by CAM4 model experiments. A comparison between the 2017 midsummer and 2010 midsummer(with a stronger WNPSH but weaker extreme heat) indicated that the influence of the WNPSH on extreme heat can be modulated by the associated precipitation in the northwestern flank.The role of the WTP was verified by regression analyses on the interannual variation of the WTP sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). On the other hand, the WTP has undergone prominent warming during the past few decades, resulting from decadal to long-term changes and favoring extreme warm conditions. Through a mechanism similar to the interannual variation, the decadal to long-term changes have reinforced the influence of WTP warming on the temperature over CSC,contributing to the more frequent hot midsummers recently. It is estimated that more than 50% of the temperature anomaly over CSC in the 2017 midsummer was due to the WTP warming, and 40% was related to the decadal to long-term changes of the WTP SSTA.
文摘青藏高原汛期(5—9月)降水具有南北反相的空间分布特征,利用青藏高原67个台站1967—2008年逐月降水资料,分别讨论了汛期各月降水的主要空间分布型以及初夏(5—6月)和盛夏(7—8月)对应的水汽配置和环流异常。结果表明:初夏高原降水以南北反相型(North-South Reverse Type,NSRT)为主,全区一致型(Whole Region Consistent Type,WRCT)次之;盛夏高原降水以WRCT为主。高原降水呈现NSRT分布时,初夏水汽由高原南部输向北部,而盛夏高原北部为水汽辐合区,南部为水汽辐散区。高原降水呈现WRCT分布时,初夏高原水汽主要来自西太平洋,盛夏水汽主要来自阿拉伯海向东转向的水汽输送,该水汽输送由高原西南地区进入高原。在500 h Pa位势高度场上,初夏(盛夏)降水两种主要空间分布型的位势高度差异以经(纬)向差异为主,且影响高原降水异常分布的系统多为深厚系统。
文摘利用1979—2014年ERA-Interim逐月的风场、海平面气压场和位势高度场等再分析资料以及中国160站降水观测资料,采用回归分析等方法分析了盛夏(7、8月)南海(South China Sea,SCS)低空越赤道气流(Cross-Equatorial Flow,CEF)的变化及其与东亚夏季风的联系,结果表明:盛夏南海低空越赤道气流(SCEF)强度指数与南海夏季风强度指数呈显著的正相关关系,与东亚副热带夏季风强度指数呈显著的负相关关系。当盛夏SCEF偏强(弱)时,亚洲热带低压及西太平洋赤道辐合带增强(减弱),西太平洋副热带高压强度减弱(增强)、东撤(西伸),南海北部和西北太平洋地区为明显的气旋式(反气旋式)环流异常,使得南海夏季风增强(减弱)和东亚副热带夏季风减弱(增强)。此外,当盛夏SCEF偏强时,由于东亚副热带夏季风减弱,我国华南地区为东北风异常,华北地区为偏南风异常,受其影响,我国华南地区为显著的水汽辐合区,华中地区为显著的水汽辐散区,使得盛夏华南地区降水增多,华中地区降水减少;反之亦然。
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP analysis field and automatic station,a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which occurred in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009 was analyzed.The formation reason of continuous rainy process in midsummer was discussed.The circulation characteristics and influence systems of continuous rainy process were revealed.On the base,the influences of configuration of circulation fields and difference of physical quantity fields at high and low layers on range and intensity of precipitation were analyzed.[Result] According to the circulation situation and influence system,the continuous rainy process could be divided into four stages:July 22-24,from July 27 to August 1,August 4-8 and August 9-14.Moreover,it was respectively affected by northeast low vortex,cold and warm air,high-level low trough,typhoon and periphery of subtropical high at four stages.The maintenance of big specific humidity zone provided sufficient water vapor condition for the continuous rainy weather.The rainstorm appeared in dense zone of specific humidity line,where the specific humidity >13 g/kg in the humidity front zone.A temperature trough maintained at 850 hPa.The cold air which continued to diffuse and go south was main reason of the abnormally low temperature during the continuous rainy period.Moreover,it provided ascending motion condition for precipitation maintenance.[Conclusion] The research provided references for actual forecast of continuous rainy weather.
文摘Despite that A Midsummer Night's Dreamand The Tempest were written at almost the beginning and the closing of Shakespeare's career respectively, they demonstrate a surprising similarity in so many ways. This article intends to compare and analyze the two plays in terms of their similarities in technique, structure, characters as well as the application of a Chain of Beings.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China(42175078)the Joint Open Project of KLME&CIC-FEMD,NUIST(KLME202207)+1 种基金Special Program for Innovation and Development of China Meteorological Administration(CXFZ2022J030)the Review and Summary Special Project of China Meteorological Administration(FPZJ2023-163).
文摘Due to their huge socio-economic impacts and complex formation causes,extreme and continuous drought events have become the focus and nodus of research in recent years.In the midsummer(July-August)of 2022,a severe drought event occurred in the whole Yangtze River Basin(YRB),China.During that period,the precipitation in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the YRB dropped over 40%less than the 1961-2021 climatic mean,which had never happened previously.Furthermore,the temperature was the highest during 1961-2022.The record-breaking magnitude of less rainfall and high temperature directly led to the continuous development of this extreme drought event.An atmospheric moisture budget analysis revealed that the YRB midsummer rainfall anomaly was dominated by the anomalous powerful vertical moisture advection,which was derived from the strongest descending motion over the whole YRB in the 2022 midsummer during 1981-2022.The western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)during the midsummer remained stronger,more westward and lasted longer than the climatic mean.As a result,the whole YRB was controlled by a positive geopotential height centre.Further evidence revealed that the anomalous subtropical zonal flow played a crucial role in inducing the extreme descent over the YRB.Moreover,the anomalous upper-tropospheric easterly flow over the YRB in 2022 is the strongest during 1981-2022,modulating the generation of the unprecedented descent anomaly over the YRB.The likelihood that an integrated connection of severe drought in East Asia and flood in West Asia and northwestern South Asia would increase when the extremely strong easterly anomalies in the upper troposphere emerged and induced descending adiabatic flow on the eastern sides of the Tibetan Plateau.The results of this study can provide scientific insights into the predictability of extreme drought events and provide ways to improve predictions.
