Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the...Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs.The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array(CPTA)is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes.This short article serves as a“table of contents”for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1(CPTA DR1)which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.Here,after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1,we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude logA_(c)=-14.4_(-2.8)^(+1.0)for spectral index in the range ofα∈[-1.8,1.5]assuming a GW background(GWB)induced quadrupolar correlation.The search for the Hellings–Downs(HD)correlation curve is also presented,where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6σstatistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 n Hz.We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the n Hz GWB,which could verify the current results.展开更多
The Full-disk Magneto Graph(FMG),a payload onboard the Advanced Space Solar Observatory(ASO-S),will measure the vector magnetic field in the photosphere.The instrument consists of a frontwindow filter,a telescope,an L...The Full-disk Magneto Graph(FMG),a payload onboard the Advanced Space Solar Observatory(ASO-S),will measure the vector magnetic field in the photosphere.The instrument consists of a frontwindow filter,a telescope,an LCVR polarimeter,an image-stabilization system,a seven-stage tunable Lyot filter,a CMOS camera with 4096×4096 pixels and a pair of calibration/focus wheels.In this paper,we describe the design of the FMG instrument and provide a summary of test observations carried out with the FMG prototype.展开更多
射电天文强度校准的目的是将接收设备对天文观测源的响应转换为天文意义上的流量.在常用的射电天文强度校准方法中,厘米波校准主要使用噪声注入模式,就是将1个标准噪声信号在馈源和极化器之后注入到接收机内部进行校准.由于毫米波微波...射电天文强度校准的目的是将接收设备对天文观测源的响应转换为天文意义上的流量.在常用的射电天文强度校准方法中,厘米波校准主要使用噪声注入模式,就是将1个标准噪声信号在馈源和极化器之后注入到接收机内部进行校准.由于毫米波微波器件的小型化导致噪声注入模式不易实现,加之注入模式可能引入噪声,因此BTL (Bell Telephone Laboratory)最早提出使用斩波轮技术进行毫米波校准,就是在馈源口面交替放置或者移除常温黑体进行校准;之后BIMA (Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association Array)又提出使用常温、热负载进行校准; ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array)对单、双负载校准方式的精度进行计算后,认为双温度负载校准方式有潜力实现1%的校准精度,并最终设计出机械臂式双温度负载校准机构;此后, GBT (Green Bank Telescope) 4 mm波段制冷接收机设计出旋转盘式双温度校准机构; OSO (Onsala Space Observatory)最新研制的3 mm波段制冷接收机设计出波束切换式双温度校准机构.中国科学院新疆天文台QTT(Qi Tai Telescope)项目的启动推动了毫米波接收机研制进程,为提高毫米波强度校准精度,相关的技术预研已经开始.展开更多
由于截然不同的物理机制,毫秒脉冲星可产生与原子时尺度完全不同的另一类时间尺度.利用长期的脉冲星计时观测数据可建立综合脉冲星时间尺度,但通常脉冲星计时观测是非等间隔采样,并且有些脉冲星的观测间隔过长等,这些因素均对综合脉冲...由于截然不同的物理机制,毫秒脉冲星可产生与原子时尺度完全不同的另一类时间尺度.利用长期的脉冲星计时观测数据可建立综合脉冲星时间尺度,但通常脉冲星计时观测是非等间隔采样,并且有些脉冲星的观测间隔过长等,这些因素均对综合脉冲星时间尺度的产生造成很大的困难.因此,提出了一种新的算法来计算综合脉冲星时间尺度,即:首先选用三次样条插值方法进行内插,并使观测数据间隔均匀;其次采用Vondrak滤波方法对观测序列进行平滑处理并去除高频噪声;最后再利用加权算法产生综合脉冲星时间尺度.利用NANOGRAV(North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves)最新发布的长达9 yr的观测数据,计算得到了综合脉冲星时间尺度,它的长期稳定度(取样间隔大于1 yr)优于3.4×10^(-15).研究结果表明:这种方法可有效降低脉冲星计时残差中的噪声影响,同时可提高综合脉冲星时间尺度的长期稳定度.展开更多
The portable adaptive optics(PAO)device is a low-cost and compact system,designed for 4-meter class telescopes that have no adaptive optics(AO)system,because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegra...The portable adaptive optics(PAO)device is a low-cost and compact system,designed for 4-meter class telescopes that have no adaptive optics(AO)system,because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegrain focus and the historically high cost of conventional AO.The initial scientific observations of the PAO are focused on the direct imaging of exoplanets and sub-stellar companions.This paper discusses the concept of PAO and the associated high-contrast imaging performance in our recent observational runs.PAO deliver a Strehl ratio better than 60%in H band under median seeing conditions of 1".Combined with our dedicated image rotation and subtraction(IRS)technique and the optimized IRS(O-IRS)algorithm,the averaged contrast ratio for a 5≤V_(mag)≤9 primary star is 1.3×10^(-5)and3.3×10^(-6)at angular distance of 0.36"with exposure time of 7 minutes and 2 hours,respectively.PAO has successfully revealed the known exoplanet ofκAnd b in our recent observation with the 3.5-meter ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory.We have performed the associated astrometry and photometry analysis of the recoveredκAnd b planet,which gives a projected separation of 0.98"±0.05",a position angle of 51.1°±0.5°and a mass of 10.15_(-1.255)^(+2.19) MJup.These results demonstrate that PAO can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with medium-sized telescopes.展开更多
低频射电望远镜阵列宽视场成像正面临着一系列难点问题,其中最关键的问题是非共面基线效应.它的存在使得忽略w项将导致最终图像出现畸变,且随着视场的增大而加重.综述并剖析了几种w项改正算法及其技术原理,并分析了它们的计算成本和计...低频射电望远镜阵列宽视场成像正面临着一系列难点问题,其中最关键的问题是非共面基线效应.它的存在使得忽略w项将导致最终图像出现畸变,且随着视场的增大而加重.综述并剖析了几种w项改正算法及其技术原理,并分析了它们的计算成本和计算复杂度,进而分析比较了它们的优缺点.以平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array,SKA)射电望远镜第1阶段低频阵列为研究对象,选取faceting和w-projection成像算法进行了仿真实验.与传统的二维傅立叶变换成像算法进行对比,分析了它们的成像质量和正确性,结果表明这两种算法在宽视场成像方面均明显优于二维傅立叶变换方法.还具体分析了分面(facet)的数目对faceting成像质量和运行时间的影响,以及w步数对w-projection成像质量和运行时间的影响,表明facet数目和w步数的选择必须合理.最后,分析了数据量大小对这两种成像算法运行时间的影响,表明这两种算法在进行海量数据处理前,需要作算法优化改进.研究结果为后续进一步综合分析宽视场成像技术以及这些技术的实用性研究提供了有价值的参考.展开更多
We have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the bright single pulse emission from PSR B1133+16using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.High time resolution data(61μs)were obtained at a center frequency of 3...We have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the bright single pulse emission from PSR B1133+16using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.High time resolution data(61μs)were obtained at a center frequency of 322 MHz with a bandwidth of 32 MHz over a continuous observation period of 7.45 hr.A total of 1082 bright pulses were sporadically detected with peak flux densities ranging from 10 to 23 times stronger than the average pulse profile.However,no giant pulse-like emission with a relative pulse energy larger than 10 and extremely short duration was detected,indicating that these bright pulses cannot be categorized as giant pulse emission.The majority of these bright pulses are concentrated in pulse phases at both the leading and trailing windows of the average pulse profile,with an occurrence ratio of approximately 2.74.The pulse energy distribution for all individual pulses can be described by a combination of two Gaussian components and a cutoff power-law with an index of α=-3.2.An updated nulling fraction of 15.35%±0.45% was determined from the energy distribution.The emission of individual pulses follows a log-normal distribution in peak flux density ratio.It is imperative that regular phase drifting in bright pulse sequence is identified in both the leading and trailing components for the first time.Possible physical mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide insights into these observations.展开更多
The radioheliograph is an extensive array of antennas operating on the principle of aperture synthesis to produce images of the Sun.The image acquired by the telescope results from convoluting the Sun’s true brightne...The radioheliograph is an extensive array of antennas operating on the principle of aperture synthesis to produce images of the Sun.The image acquired by the telescope results from convoluting the Sun’s true brightness distribution with the antenna array’s directional pattern.The imaging quality of the radioheliograph is affected by a multitude of factors,with the performance of the“dirty beam”being simply one component.Other factors such as imaging methods,calibration techniques,clean algorithms,and more also play a significant influence on the resulting image quality.As the layout of the antenna array directly affects the performance of the dirty beam,the design of an appropriate antenna configuration is critical to improving the imaging quality of the radioheliograph.Based on the actual needs of observing the Sun,this work optimized the antenna array design and proposed a twodimensional low-redundancy array.The proposed array was compared with common T-shaped arrays,Y-shaped arrays,uniformly spaced circular arrays,and three-arm spiral arrays.Through simulations and experiments,their performance in terms of sampling point numbers,UV coverage area,beam-half width,sidelobe level,and performance in the absence of antennas are compared and analyzed.It was found that each of these arrays has its advantages,but the two-dimensional low-redundancy array proposed in this paper performs best in overall evaluation.It has the shortest imaging calculation time among the array types and is highly robust when antennas are missing,making it the most suitable choice.展开更多
With great advance of ground-based extensive air shower arrays,such as LHAASO and HAWC,many very high energy(VHE)gamma-ray sources have been discovered and are being monitored regardless of the day and the night.Hence...With great advance of ground-based extensive air shower arrays,such as LHAASO and HAWC,many very high energy(VHE)gamma-ray sources have been discovered and are being monitored regardless of the day and the night.Hence,the Sun and Moon would have some impacts on the observation of gamma-ray sources,which have not been taken into account in previous analysis.In this paper,the influence of the Sun and Moon on the observation of very high energy gamma-ray sources when they are near the line of sight of the Sun or Moon is estimated.The tracks of all the known VHE sources are scanned and several VHE sources are found to be very close to the line of sight of the Sun or Moon during some period.The absorption of very high energy gamma rays by sunlight is estimated with detailed method and some useful conclusions are achieved.The main influence is the block of the Sun and Moon on gamma rays and the shadow on the cosmic ray background.The influence is investigated considering the detector angular resolution and some strategies on data analysis are proposed to avoid the underestimation of the gamma-ray emission.展开更多
Dome A in Antarctica has been demonstrated to be the best site on earth for optical,infrared,and terahertz astronomical observations by more and more evidence,such as excellent free-atmosphere seeing,extremely low per...Dome A in Antarctica has been demonstrated to be the best site on earth for optical,infrared,and terahertz astronomical observations by more and more evidence,such as excellent free-atmosphere seeing,extremely low perceptible water vapor,low sky background,and continuous dark time,etc.In this paper,we present a complete picture of the development of astronomy at Dome A from the very beginning,review recent progress in time-domain astronomy,demonstrate exciting results of the site testing,and address the challenges in instrumentation.Currently proposed projects are briefly discussed.展开更多
Lunar optical polarization is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs when sunlight reflects off the surface of the Moon and becomes polarized.This study employs a novel split-focus plane polarimetric camera to conduct t...Lunar optical polarization is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs when sunlight reflects off the surface of the Moon and becomes polarized.This study employs a novel split-focus plane polarimetric camera to conduct the initial white light polarimetric observations on the near side of the Moon.We obtained the linear degree of polarization(DOP)parameters of white light by observation from the eastern and western hemispheres of the Moon.The findings indicate that the white light polarization is lower in the lunar highland than in the lunar maria overall.Combining the analysis of lunar soil samples,we noticed and determined that the DOP parameters of white light demonstrate high consistency with iron oxide on the Moon.This study may serve as a new diagnostic tool for the Moon.展开更多
The light curve analyses and orbital period variations for two contact binary stars,LS Del and V997 Cyg,are presented in this work which was conducted in the frame of the Binary Systems of South and North project Grou...The light curve analyses and orbital period variations for two contact binary stars,LS Del and V997 Cyg,are presented in this work which was conducted in the frame of the Binary Systems of South and North project Ground-based photometric observations were performed at two observatories in France.We used the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)data for extracting times of minima and light curve analysis of the targe systems.The O-C diagram for both systems displays a parabolic trend.LS Del and V997 Cyg’s orbital periods are increasing at rates of dP/dt=7.20×10^(-08)days yr^(-1)and dP/dt=2.54×10^(-08)days yr^(-1),respectively Therefore,it can be concluded that mass is being transferred from the less massive star to the more massive component with a rate of dM/dt=-1.96×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr^(-1)for the LS Del system,and dM/dt=-3.83×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr-1for V997 Cyg.The parameters of a third possible object in the system are also considered.The PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code was used to analyze the light curves.The light curve solutions needed a cold starspot due to the asymmetry in the LS Del system’s light curve maxima.The mass ratio fill-out factor,and star temperature all indicate that both systems are contact binary types in this investigation.Two methods were applied to estimate the absolute parameters of the systems:one method relied on the parallax of Gaia DR3,and the other used a P-M relationship.The positions of the systems are also depicted on the M-L,M-R q-L_(ratio),and logM_(tot)-logJ_(0)diagrams.We recommend that further observations and investigations be done on the existence of a fourth body in this system.展开更多
The initial condition of high-mass star formation is a complex area of study because of the high densities(n_(H_(2))>106cm^(-3))and low temperatures(T_(dust)<18 K)involved.Under such conditions,many molecules be...The initial condition of high-mass star formation is a complex area of study because of the high densities(n_(H_(2))>106cm^(-3))and low temperatures(T_(dust)<18 K)involved.Under such conditions,many molecules become depleted from the gas phase by freezing out onto dust grains.However,the N-bearing and deuterated species could remain gaseous under these extreme conditions,suggesting that they may serve as ideal tracers.In this paper,using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Very Large Array observations at 1.3 mm,3.5 mm,and 1.3 cm,we investigate the possible habitats for NH_(3),NH_(2)D,H^(13)CN,HC^(15)N,SO,and C^(18)O in eight massive precluster and protocluster clumps G18.17,G18.21,G23.97N,G23.98,G23.44,G23.97S,G25.38,and G25.71.We found that the NH3cores are in good agreement with the 3.5 mm peak emission,but the NH_(3)is much more extended than the 3.5 mm emission structure.The SO distributions agree well with the 3.5 mm peaks for the evolved star formation stage,but we did not detect any SO emission in the four earliest star formation sources.C^(18)O is a poor tracer in conditions of the cold(■18 K)and dense(■10^(4)cm^(-3))cores,e.g.,the prestellar cores.We also found that the NH_(2)D cores are mainly located in the temperature range of 13.0-20.0 K,and the NH_(2)D lines may be strongly depleted above 20 K.展开更多
Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December 10.We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CP...Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December 10.We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CPU of the GECAM Electronic Box.This onboard software has the following features:high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation,dedicated localization algorithm optimized for both short and long bursts,and low time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked through the Global Short Message Communication service of the global BeiDou navigation system.This paper provides a detailed description of the design and development of the trigger and localization software system for GECAM.It covers the general design,workflow,the main functions,and the algorithms used in the system.The paper also includes on-ground trigger tests using simulated gamma-ray bursts generated by a dedicated X-ray tube,as well as an overview of the performance for real celestial bursts during its in-orbit operation.展开更多
紫金山天文台研制的毫米波段多波束超导成像频谱接收机(简称超导成像频谱仪)于2010年底安装到13.7 m望远镜上.为发挥超导成像频谱仪的观测能力,紫金山天文台研发了基于多波束接收机的快速高效巡天的OTF(On-The-Fly)观测方法,在国际上首...紫金山天文台研制的毫米波段多波束超导成像频谱接收机(简称超导成像频谱仪)于2010年底安装到13.7 m望远镜上.为发挥超导成像频谱仪的观测能力,紫金山天文台研发了基于多波束接收机的快速高效巡天的OTF(On-The-Fly)观测方法,在国际上首次提出并运用了"隔行扫描"的OTF扫描方法,对该方法进行了系统的测试和验证,并做了观测参数的优化.研发了"OTF观测星表生成器"软件,该软件提供参考点查找、观测时间估算、rms(root mean square)估算、最佳观测时段选择等功能.研发了OTF数据预处理软件,该软件具有坏数据剔除、数据修正功能,并能够结合GILDS软件完成数据网格化(Gridding)处理.通过实际观测测试,观测结果与美国五大学射电天文台(Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory,FCRAO)观测相符.该系统2011年用于13.7 m望远镜谱线成图观测,在银河画卷项目观测和其他课题成图观测中得到广泛的应用,取得了很好的观测结果,验证了该系统的有效性.展开更多
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(2020SKA0120100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12041303 and 12250410246)+1 种基金the CAS-MPG LEGACY projectfunding from the Max-Planck Partner Group。
文摘Observing and timing a group of millisecond pulsars with high rotational stability enables the direct detection of gravitational waves(GWs).The GW signals can be identified from the spatial correlations encoded in the times-of-arrival of widely spaced pulsar-pairs.The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array(CPTA)is a collaboration aiming at the direct GW detection with observations carried out using Chinese radio telescopes.This short article serves as a“table of contents”for a forthcoming series of papers related to the CPTA Data Release 1(CPTA DR1)which uses observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.Here,after summarizing the time span and accuracy of CPTA DR1,we report the key results of our statistical inference finding a correlated signal with amplitude logA_(c)=-14.4_(-2.8)^(+1.0)for spectral index in the range ofα∈[-1.8,1.5]assuming a GW background(GWB)induced quadrupolar correlation.The search for the Hellings–Downs(HD)correlation curve is also presented,where some evidence for the HD correlation has been found that a 4.6σstatistical significance is achieved using the discrete frequency method around the frequency of 14 n Hz.We expect that the future International Pulsar Timing Array data analysis and the next CPTA data release will be more sensitive to the n Hz GWB,which could verify the current results.
基金China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the NO.771 InstituteChina Academy of Engineering Physics+4 种基金Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CASNational Space Science Center, CASShanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites, CASPurple Mountain Observatory, CASsupported by Grants:XDA15320102, 11427901 and XDA15052200
文摘The Full-disk Magneto Graph(FMG),a payload onboard the Advanced Space Solar Observatory(ASO-S),will measure the vector magnetic field in the photosphere.The instrument consists of a frontwindow filter,a telescope,an LCVR polarimeter,an image-stabilization system,a seven-stage tunable Lyot filter,a CMOS camera with 4096×4096 pixels and a pair of calibration/focus wheels.In this paper,we describe the design of the FMG instrument and provide a summary of test observations carried out with the FMG prototype.
文摘射电天文强度校准的目的是将接收设备对天文观测源的响应转换为天文意义上的流量.在常用的射电天文强度校准方法中,厘米波校准主要使用噪声注入模式,就是将1个标准噪声信号在馈源和极化器之后注入到接收机内部进行校准.由于毫米波微波器件的小型化导致噪声注入模式不易实现,加之注入模式可能引入噪声,因此BTL (Bell Telephone Laboratory)最早提出使用斩波轮技术进行毫米波校准,就是在馈源口面交替放置或者移除常温黑体进行校准;之后BIMA (Berkeley Illinois Maryland Association Array)又提出使用常温、热负载进行校准; ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array)对单、双负载校准方式的精度进行计算后,认为双温度负载校准方式有潜力实现1%的校准精度,并最终设计出机械臂式双温度负载校准机构;此后, GBT (Green Bank Telescope) 4 mm波段制冷接收机设计出旋转盘式双温度校准机构; OSO (Onsala Space Observatory)最新研制的3 mm波段制冷接收机设计出波束切换式双温度校准机构.中国科学院新疆天文台QTT(Qi Tai Telescope)项目的启动推动了毫米波接收机研制进程,为提高毫米波强度校准精度,相关的技术预研已经开始.
文摘由于截然不同的物理机制,毫秒脉冲星可产生与原子时尺度完全不同的另一类时间尺度.利用长期的脉冲星计时观测数据可建立综合脉冲星时间尺度,但通常脉冲星计时观测是非等间隔采样,并且有些脉冲星的观测间隔过长等,这些因素均对综合脉冲星时间尺度的产生造成很大的困难.因此,提出了一种新的算法来计算综合脉冲星时间尺度,即:首先选用三次样条插值方法进行内插,并使观测数据间隔均匀;其次采用Vondrak滤波方法对观测序列进行平滑处理并去除高频噪声;最后再利用加权算法产生综合脉冲星时间尺度.利用NANOGRAV(North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves)最新发布的长达9 yr的观测数据,计算得到了综合脉冲星时间尺度,它的长期稳定度(取样间隔大于1 yr)优于3.4×10^(-15).研究结果表明:这种方法可有效降低脉冲星计时残差中的噪声影响,同时可提高综合脉冲星时间尺度的长期稳定度.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11827804,U2031210)。
文摘The portable adaptive optics(PAO)device is a low-cost and compact system,designed for 4-meter class telescopes that have no adaptive optics(AO)system,because of the physical space limitation at the Nasmyth or Cassegrain focus and the historically high cost of conventional AO.The initial scientific observations of the PAO are focused on the direct imaging of exoplanets and sub-stellar companions.This paper discusses the concept of PAO and the associated high-contrast imaging performance in our recent observational runs.PAO deliver a Strehl ratio better than 60%in H band under median seeing conditions of 1".Combined with our dedicated image rotation and subtraction(IRS)technique and the optimized IRS(O-IRS)algorithm,the averaged contrast ratio for a 5≤V_(mag)≤9 primary star is 1.3×10^(-5)and3.3×10^(-6)at angular distance of 0.36"with exposure time of 7 minutes and 2 hours,respectively.PAO has successfully revealed the known exoplanet ofκAnd b in our recent observation with the 3.5-meter ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory.We have performed the associated astrometry and photometry analysis of the recoveredκAnd b planet,which gives a projected separation of 0.98"±0.05",a position angle of 51.1°±0.5°and a mass of 10.15_(-1.255)^(+2.19) MJup.These results demonstrate that PAO can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with medium-sized telescopes.
文摘低频射电望远镜阵列宽视场成像正面临着一系列难点问题,其中最关键的问题是非共面基线效应.它的存在使得忽略w项将导致最终图像出现畸变,且随着视场的增大而加重.综述并剖析了几种w项改正算法及其技术原理,并分析了它们的计算成本和计算复杂度,进而分析比较了它们的优缺点.以平方公里阵(Square Kilometre Array,SKA)射电望远镜第1阶段低频阵列为研究对象,选取faceting和w-projection成像算法进行了仿真实验.与传统的二维傅立叶变换成像算法进行对比,分析了它们的成像质量和正确性,结果表明这两种算法在宽视场成像方面均明显优于二维傅立叶变换方法.还具体分析了分面(facet)的数目对faceting成像质量和运行时间的影响,以及w步数对w-projection成像质量和运行时间的影响,表明facet数目和w步数的选择必须合理.最后,分析了数据量大小对这两种成像算法运行时间的影响,表明这两种算法在进行海量数据处理前,需要作算法优化改进.研究结果为后续进一步综合分析宽视场成像技术以及这些技术的实用性研究提供了有价值的参考.
基金supported by the open project of the Key Laboratory in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(No.2023D04058)the Major Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022A03013-1)+12 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2205203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.12303053,12288102,11988101,U1838109,12041304,12041301,11873080,12133004,12203094 and U1631106)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Foundation of the young scholars of western(No.2020XBQNXZ-019)the National SKA Program of China(2020SKA0120100)Z.G.W.is supported by the Tianshan Talent Training Program(NO.2023TSYCCX0100)2021 project Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China for Tianshan elitesthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS under No.2023069J.L.C.is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(20210302123083)H.W.is supported by the ScientificTechnological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(grant No.2021L480)W.M.Y.is supported by the CAS Jianzhihua projectH.G.W.is supported by the 2018 project of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China for flexibly fetching in upscale talentsW.H.is supported by the CAS Light of West China Program No.2019-XBQNXZ-B-019。
文摘We have conducted a comprehensive investigation into the bright single pulse emission from PSR B1133+16using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.High time resolution data(61μs)were obtained at a center frequency of 322 MHz with a bandwidth of 32 MHz over a continuous observation period of 7.45 hr.A total of 1082 bright pulses were sporadically detected with peak flux densities ranging from 10 to 23 times stronger than the average pulse profile.However,no giant pulse-like emission with a relative pulse energy larger than 10 and extremely short duration was detected,indicating that these bright pulses cannot be categorized as giant pulse emission.The majority of these bright pulses are concentrated in pulse phases at both the leading and trailing windows of the average pulse profile,with an occurrence ratio of approximately 2.74.The pulse energy distribution for all individual pulses can be described by a combination of two Gaussian components and a cutoff power-law with an index of α=-3.2.An updated nulling fraction of 15.35%±0.45% was determined from the energy distribution.The emission of individual pulses follows a log-normal distribution in peak flux density ratio.It is imperative that regular phase drifting in bright pulse sequence is identified in both the leading and trailing components for the first time.Possible physical mechanisms are discussed in detail to provide insights into these observations.
基金supported by the grants of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42127804,42374219)。
文摘The radioheliograph is an extensive array of antennas operating on the principle of aperture synthesis to produce images of the Sun.The image acquired by the telescope results from convoluting the Sun’s true brightness distribution with the antenna array’s directional pattern.The imaging quality of the radioheliograph is affected by a multitude of factors,with the performance of the“dirty beam”being simply one component.Other factors such as imaging methods,calibration techniques,clean algorithms,and more also play a significant influence on the resulting image quality.As the layout of the antenna array directly affects the performance of the dirty beam,the design of an appropriate antenna configuration is critical to improving the imaging quality of the radioheliograph.Based on the actual needs of observing the Sun,this work optimized the antenna array design and proposed a twodimensional low-redundancy array.The proposed array was compared with common T-shaped arrays,Y-shaped arrays,uniformly spaced circular arrays,and three-arm spiral arrays.Through simulations and experiments,their performance in terms of sampling point numbers,UV coverage area,beam-half width,sidelobe level,and performance in the absence of antennas are compared and analyzed.It was found that each of these arrays has its advantages,but the two-dimensional low-redundancy array proposed in this paper performs best in overall evaluation.It has the shortest imaging calculation time among the array types and is highly robust when antennas are missing,making it the most suitable choice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.12393854,12022502 and 12263007by the High-level Talent Support program of Yunnan Province。
文摘With great advance of ground-based extensive air shower arrays,such as LHAASO and HAWC,many very high energy(VHE)gamma-ray sources have been discovered and are being monitored regardless of the day and the night.Hence,the Sun and Moon would have some impacts on the observation of gamma-ray sources,which have not been taken into account in previous analysis.In this paper,the influence of the Sun and Moon on the observation of very high energy gamma-ray sources when they are near the line of sight of the Sun or Moon is estimated.The tracks of all the known VHE sources are scanned and several VHE sources are found to be very close to the line of sight of the Sun or Moon during some period.The absorption of very high energy gamma rays by sunlight is estimated with detailed method and some useful conclusions are achieved.The main influence is the block of the Sun and Moon on gamma rays and the shadow on the cosmic ray background.The influence is investigated considering the detector angular resolution and some strategies on data analysis are proposed to avoid the underestimation of the gamma-ray emission.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11733007,11673037 and 11273019)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(Grant No.2013CB834900)the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation&Assessment Program(Grant No.CHINARE2016-02-03)。
文摘Dome A in Antarctica has been demonstrated to be the best site on earth for optical,infrared,and terahertz astronomical observations by more and more evidence,such as excellent free-atmosphere seeing,extremely low perceptible water vapor,low sky background,and continuous dark time,etc.In this paper,we present a complete picture of the development of astronomy at Dome A from the very beginning,review recent progress in time-domain astronomy,demonstrate exciting results of the site testing,and address the challenges in instrumentation.Currently proposed projects are briefly discussed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA0715101)partly supported by a National LLR station project+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.11973064 and 42101413)Jilin Province Mid-youth science and technology innovation and entrepreneurship outstanding talent project(20220508147RC)the Changchun City and Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology Cooperation High-tech Industrialization Special Fund Project(21SH05)。
文摘Lunar optical polarization is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs when sunlight reflects off the surface of the Moon and becomes polarized.This study employs a novel split-focus plane polarimetric camera to conduct the initial white light polarimetric observations on the near side of the Moon.We obtained the linear degree of polarization(DOP)parameters of white light by observation from the eastern and western hemispheres of the Moon.The findings indicate that the white light polarization is lower in the lunar highland than in the lunar maria overall.Combining the analysis of lunar soil samples,we noticed and determined that the DOP parameters of white light demonstrate high consistency with iron oxide on the Moon.This study may serve as a new diagnostic tool for the Moon.
基金project was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Erciyes University(project number FBA-2022-11737)the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program。
文摘The light curve analyses and orbital period variations for two contact binary stars,LS Del and V997 Cyg,are presented in this work which was conducted in the frame of the Binary Systems of South and North project Ground-based photometric observations were performed at two observatories in France.We used the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite(TESS)data for extracting times of minima and light curve analysis of the targe systems.The O-C diagram for both systems displays a parabolic trend.LS Del and V997 Cyg’s orbital periods are increasing at rates of dP/dt=7.20×10^(-08)days yr^(-1)and dP/dt=2.54×10^(-08)days yr^(-1),respectively Therefore,it can be concluded that mass is being transferred from the less massive star to the more massive component with a rate of dM/dt=-1.96×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr^(-1)for the LS Del system,and dM/dt=-3.83×10^(-7)M_(⊙)yr-1for V997 Cyg.The parameters of a third possible object in the system are also considered.The PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code was used to analyze the light curves.The light curve solutions needed a cold starspot due to the asymmetry in the LS Del system’s light curve maxima.The mass ratio fill-out factor,and star temperature all indicate that both systems are contact binary types in this investigation.Two methods were applied to estimate the absolute parameters of the systems:one method relied on the parallax of Gaia DR3,and the other used a P-M relationship.The positions of the systems are also depicted on the M-L,M-R q-L_(ratio),and logM_(tot)-logJ_(0)diagrams.We recommend that further observations and investigations be done on the existence of a fourth body in this system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1602901)the local Science and Technology innovation projects of the central government(No.XZ202301YD0037C)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.11933011)。
文摘The initial condition of high-mass star formation is a complex area of study because of the high densities(n_(H_(2))>106cm^(-3))and low temperatures(T_(dust)<18 K)involved.Under such conditions,many molecules become depleted from the gas phase by freezing out onto dust grains.However,the N-bearing and deuterated species could remain gaseous under these extreme conditions,suggesting that they may serve as ideal tracers.In this paper,using the Plateau de Bure Interferometer and Very Large Array observations at 1.3 mm,3.5 mm,and 1.3 cm,we investigate the possible habitats for NH_(3),NH_(2)D,H^(13)CN,HC^(15)N,SO,and C^(18)O in eight massive precluster and protocluster clumps G18.17,G18.21,G23.97N,G23.98,G23.44,G23.97S,G25.38,and G25.71.We found that the NH3cores are in good agreement with the 3.5 mm peak emission,but the NH_(3)is much more extended than the 3.5 mm emission structure.The SO distributions agree well with the 3.5 mm peaks for the evolved star formation stage,but we did not detect any SO emission in the four earliest star formation sources.C^(18)O is a poor tracer in conditions of the cold(■18 K)and dense(■10^(4)cm^(-3))cores,e.g.,the prestellar cores.We also found that the NH_(2)D cores are mainly located in the temperature range of 13.0-20.0 K,and the NH_(2)D lines may be strongly depleted above 20 K.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the support from the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science(grant Nos.XDA15360300,XDA15360000,XDA15360102,XDA15052700 and E02212A02S)of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.12173038)and BeiDou navigation system。
文摘Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM,an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched on 2020 December 10.We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating in the CPU of the GECAM Electronic Box.This onboard software has the following features:high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation,dedicated localization algorithm optimized for both short and long bursts,and low time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked through the Global Short Message Communication service of the global BeiDou navigation system.This paper provides a detailed description of the design and development of the trigger and localization software system for GECAM.It covers the general design,workflow,the main functions,and the algorithms used in the system.The paper also includes on-ground trigger tests using simulated gamma-ray bursts generated by a dedicated X-ray tube,as well as an overview of the performance for real celestial bursts during its in-orbit operation.
文摘紫金山天文台研制的毫米波段多波束超导成像频谱接收机(简称超导成像频谱仪)于2010年底安装到13.7 m望远镜上.为发挥超导成像频谱仪的观测能力,紫金山天文台研发了基于多波束接收机的快速高效巡天的OTF(On-The-Fly)观测方法,在国际上首次提出并运用了"隔行扫描"的OTF扫描方法,对该方法进行了系统的测试和验证,并做了观测参数的优化.研发了"OTF观测星表生成器"软件,该软件提供参考点查找、观测时间估算、rms(root mean square)估算、最佳观测时段选择等功能.研发了OTF数据预处理软件,该软件具有坏数据剔除、数据修正功能,并能够结合GILDS软件完成数据网格化(Gridding)处理.通过实际观测测试,观测结果与美国五大学射电天文台(Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory,FCRAO)观测相符.该系统2011年用于13.7 m望远镜谱线成图观测,在银河画卷项目观测和其他课题成图观测中得到广泛的应用,取得了很好的观测结果,验证了该系统的有效性.
