Modern industrial development is accompanied by the increasingly frequent occurrence of accidental release atmospheric dispersion events,causing extremely serious human and property losses and environmental pollution,...Modern industrial development is accompanied by the increasingly frequent occurrence of accidental release atmospheric dispersion events,causing extremely serious human and property losses and environmental pollution,in which rapid and accurate prediction of atmospheric dispersion is an important task to mitigate the unexpected consequences.In this paper,we take the case of previous years as the starting point,firstly,the occurred hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion accidents in the past five years are shown,and the related concepts of hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion are given.Then,the current state of atmospheric dispersion research is reviewed,well-known experiments on atmospheric dispersion of hazardous chemicals are summarized,and correspondingly the existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models are classified into simplified-experience models,mechanism-and rule-driven models and data-driven models.In particular,for the purpose of rapid atmospheric dispersion prediction,some research on atmospheric detection and identification are analyzed in detail.Moreover,the relevant professional software for atmospheric dispersion prediction are introduced,and also their calculation adaptabilities regarding time-consumption and output accuracy are discussed.Thereinafter,according to the shortcomings of existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models in research and application fields,the development trend of atmospheric dispersion prediction research and technology is foreseen,and some feasible future research directions are proposed as follows:(1)the fusion of image processing techniques,the establishment of a database of historical accident scene information and meteorological information,(2)new correction algorithms,and(3)an emergency response system for full-scene atmospheric dispersion prediction.展开更多
This paper describes a development of multilevel meteorological data acquisition system implemented at Kalpakkam coastal site for atmospheric dispersion and model validation studies. Meteorological data are one of the...This paper describes a development of multilevel meteorological data acquisition system implemented at Kalpakkam coastal site for atmospheric dispersion and model validation studies. Meteorological data are one of the most important inputs into any air dispersion model. As a part of atmospheric dispersion modeling studies and developing a methodology to forecast the site-specific dispersion characteristics, the real time monitoring of meteorological parameters assumes significance. This is achieved by erecting met towers instrumented at multilevel and single level at different locations with sensors for measuring various meteorological parameters. Real-world data logging applications involve not only just acquiring and recording signals, but also combination of offline analysis, display, report generation and data sharing. This paper covers development of low cost compact MMDAS （modular meteorological data acquisition system）, its performance evaluation, field deployment test and data comparison analysis with fast response and high accuracy internationally acclaimed sonic anemometer. The system is based on embedded modules from Advantech and is designed to acquire analogue and digital signals from a multilevel instrumented met tower. The collected data are transferred from remote base station to central server for storage and further processing using wireless interface. MMDAS has many advantages like cost effectiveness, less complex signal conditioning electronics and easy maintenance. This system has good application during radiation emergency as well as site specific meteorological data collection and model validation studies.展开更多
核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征是核电厂环境影响评价中重点关注问题。目前核电厂环境影响评价中采用单一气象场驱动进行预测分析不足以真实反映放射性核素事故时大气扩散特征。以某核电厂厂址为研究对象,利用核事故短期大气弥散...核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征是核电厂环境影响评价中重点关注问题。目前核电厂环境影响评价中采用单一气象场驱动进行预测分析不足以真实反映放射性核素事故时大气扩散特征。以某核电厂厂址为研究对象,利用核事故短期大气弥散因子计算软件PAVAN(Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants)模拟不同气象场驱动情景下核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征,以确定气象场驱动差异对事故时放射性核素大气扩散的影响。结果表明:多年气象场驱动条件下非居住区边界和规划限制区边界的短期大气弥散因子年均值最大值分别为单一气象场驱动条件的1.05和1.04倍,均出现在S方位。不同情景下非居住区边界大气弥散因子年均值最大值在CASE2和CASE4情景下相同,但出现方位不同,分别出现在S和NE方位;CASE4情景下大气弥散因子年均值变异程度大于CASE2情景;非居住区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(6.01E-5~7.78E-5)、(5.72E-5~7.79E-5)和(6.29E-5~7.79E-5)s/m3。不同情景下规划限制区边界大气弥散因子最大值从大到小依次为CASE2>CASE4>CASE1>CASE3,依次出现在S、NE、S、NE方位;规划限制区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(1.17E-5~1.95E-5)、(1.09E-5~1.98E-5)和(1.24E-5~1.98E-5)s/m3。展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the impacts of the original works of Professor Duzheng YE on a selected set of observational and model studies with which the present author has been associated over the past several...This paper provides an overview of the impacts of the original works of Professor Duzheng YE on a selected set of observational and model studies with which the present author has been associated over the past several decades. The main themes of these works include atmospheric energy dispersion, air–land interactions over the Tibetan Plateau, and El Ni n？orelated air–sea coupling over East Asia.The dispersive behavior of observed atmospheric fluctuations accompanying cold surge events in East Asia is demonstrated. Cold air outbreaks over Korea and southern China are coincident with the successive downstream development of troughs and ridges, with the group velocity of such wave packets being notably faster than the phase propagation speed of individual troughs and ridges. In a more general context, dispersive features are also discernible from lagged teleconnection charts and cross-spectra of observed and model-simulated geopotential height variations on 10–30-day time scales.Using the output from a high-resolution general circulation model, the relative contributions of condensational, sensible, and radiative heating to the atmospheric energy budget over the Tibetan Plateau are documented. The rapid changes of the upper tropospheric Tibetan anticyclone and East Asian mei-yu（＂plum rain＂） precipitation band associated with the development of the Asian monsoon system are described.The principal anomalies in sea level pressure, surface wind, precipitation and sea surface temperature over southeastern China and the Philippine Sea region during El Nio events are presented. The contributions of remote El Nio-related forcing and local air–sea interaction to the occurrence of these anomalies are assessed.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(BUCTRC202014).
文摘Modern industrial development is accompanied by the increasingly frequent occurrence of accidental release atmospheric dispersion events,causing extremely serious human and property losses and environmental pollution,in which rapid and accurate prediction of atmospheric dispersion is an important task to mitigate the unexpected consequences.In this paper,we take the case of previous years as the starting point,firstly,the occurred hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion accidents in the past five years are shown,and the related concepts of hazardous chemical atmospheric dispersion are given.Then,the current state of atmospheric dispersion research is reviewed,well-known experiments on atmospheric dispersion of hazardous chemicals are summarized,and correspondingly the existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models are classified into simplified-experience models,mechanism-and rule-driven models and data-driven models.In particular,for the purpose of rapid atmospheric dispersion prediction,some research on atmospheric detection and identification are analyzed in detail.Moreover,the relevant professional software for atmospheric dispersion prediction are introduced,and also their calculation adaptabilities regarding time-consumption and output accuracy are discussed.Thereinafter,according to the shortcomings of existing atmospheric dispersion prediction models in research and application fields,the development trend of atmospheric dispersion prediction research and technology is foreseen,and some feasible future research directions are proposed as follows:(1)the fusion of image processing techniques,the establishment of a database of historical accident scene information and meteorological information,(2)new correction algorithms,and(3)an emergency response system for full-scene atmospheric dispersion prediction.
文摘This paper describes a development of multilevel meteorological data acquisition system implemented at Kalpakkam coastal site for atmospheric dispersion and model validation studies. Meteorological data are one of the most important inputs into any air dispersion model. As a part of atmospheric dispersion modeling studies and developing a methodology to forecast the site-specific dispersion characteristics, the real time monitoring of meteorological parameters assumes significance. This is achieved by erecting met towers instrumented at multilevel and single level at different locations with sensors for measuring various meteorological parameters. Real-world data logging applications involve not only just acquiring and recording signals, but also combination of offline analysis, display, report generation and data sharing. This paper covers development of low cost compact MMDAS （modular meteorological data acquisition system）, its performance evaluation, field deployment test and data comparison analysis with fast response and high accuracy internationally acclaimed sonic anemometer. The system is based on embedded modules from Advantech and is designed to acquire analogue and digital signals from a multilevel instrumented met tower. The collected data are transferred from remote base station to central server for storage and further processing using wireless interface. MMDAS has many advantages like cost effectiveness, less complex signal conditioning electronics and easy maintenance. This system has good application during radiation emergency as well as site specific meteorological data collection and model validation studies.
文摘核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征是核电厂环境影响评价中重点关注问题。目前核电厂环境影响评价中采用单一气象场驱动进行预测分析不足以真实反映放射性核素事故时大气扩散特征。以某核电厂厂址为研究对象,利用核事故短期大气弥散因子计算软件PAVAN(Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants)模拟不同气象场驱动情景下核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征,以确定气象场驱动差异对事故时放射性核素大气扩散的影响。结果表明:多年气象场驱动条件下非居住区边界和规划限制区边界的短期大气弥散因子年均值最大值分别为单一气象场驱动条件的1.05和1.04倍,均出现在S方位。不同情景下非居住区边界大气弥散因子年均值最大值在CASE2和CASE4情景下相同,但出现方位不同,分别出现在S和NE方位;CASE4情景下大气弥散因子年均值变异程度大于CASE2情景;非居住区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(6.01E-5~7.78E-5)、(5.72E-5~7.79E-5)和(6.29E-5~7.79E-5)s/m3。不同情景下规划限制区边界大气弥散因子最大值从大到小依次为CASE2>CASE4>CASE1>CASE3,依次出现在S、NE、S、NE方位;规划限制区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(1.17E-5~1.95E-5)、(1.09E-5~1.98E-5)和(1.24E-5~1.98E-5)s/m3。
基金partially supported by the AXA Research Fundprovided by the Chinese University of Hong Kong through grants 4720195,4930075 and 4930744
文摘This paper provides an overview of the impacts of the original works of Professor Duzheng YE on a selected set of observational and model studies with which the present author has been associated over the past several decades. The main themes of these works include atmospheric energy dispersion, air–land interactions over the Tibetan Plateau, and El Ni n？orelated air–sea coupling over East Asia.The dispersive behavior of observed atmospheric fluctuations accompanying cold surge events in East Asia is demonstrated. Cold air outbreaks over Korea and southern China are coincident with the successive downstream development of troughs and ridges, with the group velocity of such wave packets being notably faster than the phase propagation speed of individual troughs and ridges. In a more general context, dispersive features are also discernible from lagged teleconnection charts and cross-spectra of observed and model-simulated geopotential height variations on 10–30-day time scales.Using the output from a high-resolution general circulation model, the relative contributions of condensational, sensible, and radiative heating to the atmospheric energy budget over the Tibetan Plateau are documented. The rapid changes of the upper tropospheric Tibetan anticyclone and East Asian mei-yu（＂plum rain＂） precipitation band associated with the development of the Asian monsoon system are described.The principal anomalies in sea level pressure, surface wind, precipitation and sea surface temperature over southeastern China and the Philippine Sea region during El Nio events are presented. The contributions of remote El Nio-related forcing and local air–sea interaction to the occurrence of these anomalies are assessed.
