Biogas residue （BR） is widely used as a new green fertilizer in agriculture in China. However, it often contains a high concentration of heavy metals so its application should cause our concern. An incubation experi...Biogas residue （BR） is widely used as a new green fertilizer in agriculture in China. However, it often contains a high concentration of heavy metals so its application should cause our concern. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the risk of pig biogas residue （PBR） and chicken biogas residue （CBR） application on Liuminying soil （LS） and Yixing soil （YS）. The soils were incubated for one, three and six months with 0, 2%, 4% and 6% addition of BRs. According to BCR extraction results, the PBR and CBR applications induced an increase in the concentration of exchangeable fraction of Zn. As for the concentration of exchangeable fraction of Cu, an increase was only observed in the treatments with PBR application. The heavy metal binding intensity also showed a similar trend. With the PBR application, for the LS and YS, the highest concentrations of exchangeable Zn increased 3.6 and 9.5 times, respectively, while the exchangeable Cu was increased by 52.6% and 187.1%. Dissolved organic carbon was the limiting factor for the exchangeable Cu while the exchangeable Zn was controlled by soil pH. PBR presented more agricultural risk than CBR when used as fertilizer. Meanwhile, BRs were more adaptable to LS than YS according to the heavy metal release results.展开更多
Metal binding of organic ligands can definitely affect its environmental behavior in waters,while information on the binding heterogeneity with different organic ligands is still lacked till now.In this study,the bind...Metal binding of organic ligands can definitely affect its environmental behavior in waters,while information on the binding heterogeneity with different organic ligands is still lacked till now.In this study,the binding of zinc with organic matters associated with cyanobacterial blooms,including dissolved organic matters（DOM） and attached organic matters（AOM）,were studied by using fluorescence quenching titration combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy（2D-COS）.Metal-induced fluorescent quenching was obviously observed both for DOM and AOM,indicating the formation of metal-ligand complexes.Compared with the one-dimensional spectra,2D-COS revealed the sequences of metal-ligand interaction with the following orders：276 nm 〉 232 ran for DOM and232 nm 〉 276 nm for AOM.Furthermore,the modified Stern-Volmer model showed that the binding constant（logKM） of 276 nm in DOM was higher than that of 232 nm（4.93 vs.4.51）,while AOM was characterized with a high binding affinity for 232 nm（log KM：4.83）.The ranks of log KM values were consistent with the sequential orders derived from 2D-COS results both for the two samples.Fluorescence quenching titration combined with 2D-COS was an effective method to characterize the metal-ligand interaction.展开更多
【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促...【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促进猪生产性能的作用机制研究提供理论基础。【方法】首先,从NCBI中获得SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A的基因序列,利用ClustalX2和ExPASy分析两者的蛋白序列和结构差异,利用MEGA-X构建两者与其他物种MT蛋白分子的进化树。其次,构建pET-28a-SUMO-SsMT-1A/SsMT-2A原核表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)plysS,用IPTG诱导表达。利用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析和葡聚糖凝胶层析纯化重组蛋白。最后,利用大肠杆菌金属耐受性实验、圆二色光谱(circular dichroism,CD)、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser analytic ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)和等温微量热仪(isothermal micrometer calorimetry,ITC)分析SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。【结果】生物信息学分析表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A蛋白分子的同源性较高,半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)含量和排列基序完全一致,仅有8个非Cys位点差异。经原核表达、Ni-NTA柱和Superdex-75柱纯化、SUMO酶酶切,成功获得了SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A。金属耐受性试验表明:与SsMT-2A相比,转SsMT-1A大肠杆菌具有较强的Zn和Cu耐受性。CD光谱表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A均可与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合,两者均展示了Zn(Ⅱ)结合偏好性,然而,SsMT-1A较SsMT-2A具有较强的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合能力。MALDI-TOF-MS表明:apo-SsMT-1A和apo-SsMT-2A的分子量分别为6047.5 Da和6048 Da,SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合不稳定。ITC表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合不稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合稳定,两者结合Cu(Ⅰ)的化学计量数均为7,SsMT-1A结合Zn(Ⅱ)的化学计量数为2。【结论】虽然SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A具有较高的同源性,然而,8个非Cys位点的差异决定了两展开更多
Phytoremediation has gained increased attention as a cost-effective method for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Because some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the...Phytoremediation has gained increased attention as a cost-effective method for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Because some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals, they manage to survive under metal stresses. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increased plant internal sequestration, which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. The growing application of molecular genetic technologies has led to increased understanding of mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance/accumulation in plants and, subsequently, many transgenic plants with increased heavy metal resistance, as well as increased uptake of heavy metals, have been developed for the purpose of phytoremediation. In the present review, our major objective is to concisely evaluate the progress made so far in understanding the molecular/cellular mechanisms and genetic basis that control the uptake and detoxification of metals by plants.展开更多
基金supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. XMXX280724)
文摘Biogas residue （BR） is widely used as a new green fertilizer in agriculture in China. However, it often contains a high concentration of heavy metals so its application should cause our concern. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the risk of pig biogas residue （PBR） and chicken biogas residue （CBR） application on Liuminying soil （LS） and Yixing soil （YS）. The soils were incubated for one, three and six months with 0, 2%, 4% and 6% addition of BRs. According to BCR extraction results, the PBR and CBR applications induced an increase in the concentration of exchangeable fraction of Zn. As for the concentration of exchangeable fraction of Cu, an increase was only observed in the treatments with PBR application. The heavy metal binding intensity also showed a similar trend. With the PBR application, for the LS and YS, the highest concentrations of exchangeable Zn increased 3.6 and 9.5 times, respectively, while the exchangeable Cu was increased by 52.6% and 187.1%. Dissolved organic carbon was the limiting factor for the exchangeable Cu while the exchangeable Zn was controlled by soil pH. PBR presented more agricultural risk than CBR when used as fertilizer. Meanwhile, BRs were more adaptable to LS than YS according to the heavy metal release results.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51479187,51209192)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2014T70505+1 种基金2013M 540438)the PAPD,and the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(No.PCRRF13011)
文摘Metal binding of organic ligands can definitely affect its environmental behavior in waters,while information on the binding heterogeneity with different organic ligands is still lacked till now.In this study,the binding of zinc with organic matters associated with cyanobacterial blooms,including dissolved organic matters（DOM） and attached organic matters（AOM）,were studied by using fluorescence quenching titration combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy（2D-COS）.Metal-induced fluorescent quenching was obviously observed both for DOM and AOM,indicating the formation of metal-ligand complexes.Compared with the one-dimensional spectra,2D-COS revealed the sequences of metal-ligand interaction with the following orders：276 nm 〉 232 ran for DOM and232 nm 〉 276 nm for AOM.Furthermore,the modified Stern-Volmer model showed that the binding constant（logKM） of 276 nm in DOM was higher than that of 232 nm（4.93 vs.4.51）,while AOM was characterized with a high binding affinity for 232 nm（log KM：4.83）.The ranks of log KM values were consistent with the sequential orders derived from 2D-COS results both for the two samples.Fluorescence quenching titration combined with 2D-COS was an effective method to characterize the metal-ligand interaction.
文摘【目的】通过对猪(Sus Scrofa)金属硫蛋白1A(metallothionein-1A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-1A)和2A(Metallothionein-2A of S.Scrofa,SsMT-2A)的生物信息学分析、原核表达和纯化,研究它们与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。为饲料中添加Zn和Cu在促进猪生产性能的作用机制研究提供理论基础。【方法】首先,从NCBI中获得SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A的基因序列,利用ClustalX2和ExPASy分析两者的蛋白序列和结构差异,利用MEGA-X构建两者与其他物种MT蛋白分子的进化树。其次,构建pET-28a-SUMO-SsMT-1A/SsMT-2A原核表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)plysS,用IPTG诱导表达。利用Ni-NTA柱亲和层析和葡聚糖凝胶层析纯化重组蛋白。最后,利用大肠杆菌金属耐受性实验、圆二色光谱(circular dichroism,CD)、基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser analytic ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS)和等温微量热仪(isothermal micrometer calorimetry,ITC)分析SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)的结合特性。【结果】生物信息学分析表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A蛋白分子的同源性较高,半胱氨酸(Cysteine,Cys)含量和排列基序完全一致,仅有8个非Cys位点差异。经原核表达、Ni-NTA柱和Superdex-75柱纯化、SUMO酶酶切,成功获得了SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A。金属耐受性试验表明:与SsMT-2A相比,转SsMT-1A大肠杆菌具有较强的Zn和Cu耐受性。CD光谱表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A均可与Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合,两者均展示了Zn(Ⅱ)结合偏好性,然而,SsMT-1A较SsMT-2A具有较强的Zn(Ⅱ)和Cu(Ⅰ)结合能力。MALDI-TOF-MS表明:apo-SsMT-1A和apo-SsMT-2A的分子量分别为6047.5 Da和6048 Da,SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合不稳定。ITC表明:SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A与Zn(Ⅱ)的结合不稳定,与Cu(Ⅰ)的结合稳定,两者结合Cu(Ⅰ)的化学计量数均为7,SsMT-1A结合Zn(Ⅱ)的化学计量数为2。【结论】虽然SsMT-1A和SsMT-2A具有较高的同源性,然而,8个非Cys位点的差异决定了两
文摘Phytoremediation has gained increased attention as a cost-effective method for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Because some plants possess a range of potential mechanisms that may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metals, they manage to survive under metal stresses. High tolerance to heavy metal toxicity could rely either on reduced uptake or increased plant internal sequestration, which is manifested by an interaction between a genotype and its environment. The growing application of molecular genetic technologies has led to increased understanding of mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance/accumulation in plants and, subsequently, many transgenic plants with increased heavy metal resistance, as well as increased uptake of heavy metals, have been developed for the purpose of phytoremediation. In the present review, our major objective is to concisely evaluate the progress made so far in understanding the molecular/cellular mechanisms and genetic basis that control the uptake and detoxification of metals by plants.
