The mechanochemical treatment of fly ash generated from a medical waste incinerator was subjected to grinding for 2 hr at 400 r/min in a planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash was characterized by a suite of analyti...The mechanochemical treatment of fly ash generated from a medical waste incinerator was subjected to grinding for 2 hr at 400 r/min in a planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash was characterized by a suite of analytical methods including High Resolution Gas Chromatograph/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Mastersizer 2000 Particle Size Analyzer, QUADRASORBTM SI Surface Area Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that abatement efficiency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） in terms of total concentration averagely amount to 76% which was relatively higher than that of I-TEQ concentration averagely amount to 56%; the most concentration of toxic congeners as well as isomers of PCDDs/Fs decreased after mechanochemical treatment. The treated fly ash was characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of concaves as well as the significant decreasing in overall particle size and great enlargement in surface area. The major crystallization phases or intensities were considerably changed by mechanochemical treatment, of which a new phase containing chlorine formed may be a possible factor suggesting chlorination reaction occurring on the crystalline surface.展开更多
A technology of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) is introduced to modify nanodiamond (ND) surface aiming to obtaining a stable suspension with well-dispersed ND particles in aqueous medium. ND investigated in this pape...A technology of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) is introduced to modify nanodiamond (ND) surface aiming to obtaining a stable suspension with well-dispersed ND particles in aqueous medium. ND investigated in this paper is a purified product of nanometer-sized diamond synthesized by explosive detonation. As obvious aggregation and sediment were observed when the sample was added into deionized water, it is crucial to conduct deaggregation and dispersion investigations. Amid a series of mechanical treatments, i.e. grinding, stirring, ultrasonic and classification, some reagents are introduced to modify the newly created surface during aggregates comminution. For the co-effects of mechanical forces and surfactants, the mean size of particles was reduced and a stable system containing ND with narrow size distribution was prepared. Mechanism of surface reaction and modification are discussed, while AFM, Zetasizer3000HS, XRD, XPS and FTIR are utilized for the analysis. The functional chemical structure of ND particle surface and surface electrical property changed during the modification processes, and the dispersion character and stability of suspension can consequently be improved.展开更多
Three Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via dihydrate route （VPD method）, which consisted of different preparation methods including mechanosynthesis, mechanochemical treatment, and the conventi...Three Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via dihydrate route （VPD method）, which consisted of different preparation methods including mechanosynthesis, mechanochemical treatment, and the conventional reflux method. The catalysts produced by the above three methods were characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. Catalytic evaluation for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride （MA） was also carried out. The XRD patterns of all the Bi-doped catalysts showed the main peaks of pyrophosphate phase. Lower intensity peaks were observed for the mechanochemically treated Bi-doped catalyst （VPDBiMill） with two additional small peaks corresponding to the presence of a small amount of V5＋ phase. The TPR profiles showed that the highest amount of active oxygen species, i.e, V4＋–O- pair, responsible for n-butane activation, was removed from VPDBiMill. Furthermore, from the catalytic test results, the graph of selectivity to MA as a function of the conversion of n-butane demonstrated that VPDBiMill was the most selective catalyst. This suggests that the mechanochemical treatment of vanadium phosphate catalyst （VPDBiMill） is a potential method to improve the catalytic properties for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride.展开更多
In the present study, （Fe,Cr）3Al/20 vol% A1203 nanocomposite was prepared through mechanochemical reactions during ball milling and successfully bulked using a combination of cold isostatic press and sintering at 1...In the present study, （Fe,Cr）3Al/20 vol% A1203 nanocomposite was prepared through mechanochemical reactions during ball milling and successfully bulked using a combination of cold isostatic press and sintering at 1400℃ for 1 h. Two processing approaches were utilized to produce （Fe,Cr）3A1/A1203 nanocomposite： The first was milling of Fe, Cr, AI and Fe203, while the second one was milling of Fe, Cr, Al and Cr203, both in stoichiometric condition, to synthesize （Fe,Cr）3Al/20 vol% Al2O3. Structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure and the morphology of powder particles and bulk samples were also studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis showed that mechanochemical reactions took place during milling, and nanometric Al2O3 was uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results also showed that the second approach required a considerably higher milling time to produce （Fe,Cr）3Al/Al2O3 nanocomposite, as compared to the first one. For this reason, bulk samples were produced from the synthesized nanocomposite in the first approach. The microstructure of the sintered samples consisted of a network structure of （Fe,Cr）3Al and Al2O3 phases with superior mechanical properties.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(No.X206955,Z506214)
文摘The mechanochemical treatment of fly ash generated from a medical waste incinerator was subjected to grinding for 2 hr at 400 r/min in a planetary ball mill. The treated fly ash was characterized by a suite of analytical methods including High Resolution Gas Chromatograph/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer, Mastersizer 2000 Particle Size Analyzer, QUADRASORBTM SI Surface Area Analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that abatement efficiency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDDs/Fs） in terms of total concentration averagely amount to 76% which was relatively higher than that of I-TEQ concentration averagely amount to 56%; the most concentration of toxic congeners as well as isomers of PCDDs/Fs decreased after mechanochemical treatment. The treated fly ash was characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of concaves as well as the significant decreasing in overall particle size and great enlargement in surface area. The major crystallization phases or intensities were considerably changed by mechanochemical treatment, of which a new phase containing chlorine formed may be a possible factor suggesting chlorination reaction occurring on the crystalline surface.
文摘A technology of mechanochemical treatment (MCT) is introduced to modify nanodiamond (ND) surface aiming to obtaining a stable suspension with well-dispersed ND particles in aqueous medium. ND investigated in this paper is a purified product of nanometer-sized diamond synthesized by explosive detonation. As obvious aggregation and sediment were observed when the sample was added into deionized water, it is crucial to conduct deaggregation and dispersion investigations. Amid a series of mechanical treatments, i.e. grinding, stirring, ultrasonic and classification, some reagents are introduced to modify the newly created surface during aggregates comminution. For the co-effects of mechanical forces and surfactants, the mean size of particles was reduced and a stable system containing ND with narrow size distribution was prepared. Mechanism of surface reaction and modification are discussed, while AFM, Zetasizer3000HS, XRD, XPS and FTIR are utilized for the analysis. The functional chemical structure of ND particle surface and surface electrical property changed during the modification processes, and the dispersion character and stability of suspension can consequently be improved.
文摘Three Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via dihydrate route （VPD method）, which consisted of different preparation methods including mechanosynthesis, mechanochemical treatment, and the conventional reflux method. The catalysts produced by the above three methods were characterized by x-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. Catalytic evaluation for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride （MA） was also carried out. The XRD patterns of all the Bi-doped catalysts showed the main peaks of pyrophosphate phase. Lower intensity peaks were observed for the mechanochemically treated Bi-doped catalyst （VPDBiMill） with two additional small peaks corresponding to the presence of a small amount of V5＋ phase. The TPR profiles showed that the highest amount of active oxygen species, i.e, V4＋–O- pair, responsible for n-butane activation, was removed from VPDBiMill. Furthermore, from the catalytic test results, the graph of selectivity to MA as a function of the conversion of n-butane demonstrated that VPDBiMill was the most selective catalyst. This suggests that the mechanochemical treatment of vanadium phosphate catalyst （VPDBiMill） is a potential method to improve the catalytic properties for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride.
文摘In the present study, （Fe,Cr）3Al/20 vol% A1203 nanocomposite was prepared through mechanochemical reactions during ball milling and successfully bulked using a combination of cold isostatic press and sintering at 1400℃ for 1 h. Two processing approaches were utilized to produce （Fe,Cr）3A1/A1203 nanocomposite： The first was milling of Fe, Cr, AI and Fe203, while the second one was milling of Fe, Cr, Al and Cr203, both in stoichiometric condition, to synthesize （Fe,Cr）3Al/20 vol% Al2O3. Structural changes of powder particles during mechanical alloying were studied by X-ray diffraction. The microstructure and the morphology of powder particles and bulk samples were also studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Microstructural analysis showed that mechanochemical reactions took place during milling, and nanometric Al2O3 was uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results also showed that the second approach required a considerably higher milling time to produce （Fe,Cr）3Al/Al2O3 nanocomposite, as compared to the first one. For this reason, bulk samples were produced from the synthesized nanocomposite in the first approach. The microstructure of the sintered samples consisted of a network structure of （Fe,Cr）3Al and Al2O3 phases with superior mechanical properties.
