The objective of this study was to provide reliable basis for decision making for national food security and layout and structure adjustment of grain production in the northeastern China. The data of mean daily air te...The objective of this study was to provide reliable basis for decision making for national food security and layout and structure adjustment of grain production in the northeastern China. The data of mean daily air temperature of 1961-2009 from 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China were chosen in this study. Using statistical methods and isoline method, the spatio-temporal changes of various decadal ≥10℃accumulated temperature and the climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were studied in this paper. The results showed that 1） The geo- graphical distribution of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature in the northeastern China could be influenced directly by the latitude, longitude and altitude. If latitude moved one degree northward, the average decrease amplitude of the climatic means was 101.9℃ in the study area. 2） The means of decadal ≥10℃ accumulated temperature rose since the 1980s, and their increase amplitudes became larger in the 1990s and the 2010s obviously. Compared with those of the 1980s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 100℃ in the mountainous and plain areas in the 1990s; compared with those of the 1990s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 200℃ in the Hulun Buir High Plain and the Songnen Plain, and 100℃ in the Sanjiang Plain and the Liaohe Plain in the 2010s. 3） The means of the decada ≥10℃accumulated temperature for 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China increased with the rate of 145.57℃/10yr in 1961-2009.4） The climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased from 1961-1990 to 1971-2000 and 1981-2009. Compared with the climatic mean of 1971-2000, that of 1981-2009 had increased by above 50℃ in most of the study area, even up to 156℃. Compared with the climatic mean of 1961-1990, that of 1981-2009 increased by above 100℃ in most parts of the study area, even up to 200℃. 5） The maximum northward shift, eastward and westward extension amplitudes of3100℃, 3300℃ and 3500�展开更多
针对矿井巷道环境内存在大量的设备和设施,会造成电磁波传播的NLOS(non line of sight)时延、对矿井TOA(time of arrival)定位精度产生不利影响,根据成因将巷道电磁波传播NLOS时延分为随机NLOS时延和固定NLOS时延,分析了两类NLOS时延造...针对矿井巷道环境内存在大量的设备和设施,会造成电磁波传播的NLOS(non line of sight)时延、对矿井TOA(time of arrival)定位精度产生不利影响,根据成因将巷道电磁波传播NLOS时延分为随机NLOS时延和固定NLOS时延,分析了两类NLOS时延造成测距误差的特点。为了分步抑制两类NLOS时延造成的TOA测距定位误差,提出基于改进均值滤波和参数拟合的矿井TOA几何定位算法。针对巷道随机NLOS时延造成的以脉冲形式存在的TOA测距误差,提出基于偏差值丢弃的加权均值滤波算法加以抑制;进而提出依据定位区域巷道固定NLOS时延参数拟合方法,用以抑制其造成的TOA测距正向偏移误差,最后采用几何方法进行目标位置的估计。实验结果表明,提出的方法对巷道NLOS时延造成的TOA定位误差具有显著的抑制作用,能够保证矿井TOA定位的精度。展开更多
The local skin temperatures of 22 subjects at air temperatures of 21,24,26,29 ℃ are measured,and the mean skin temperatures are calculated by ten skin temperature measuring points.The thermal comfort levels and the t...The local skin temperatures of 22 subjects at air temperatures of 21,24,26,29 ℃ are measured,and the mean skin temperatures are calculated by ten skin temperature measuring points.The thermal comfort levels and the thermal sensations of these subjects are also investigated by a questionnaire.The Mahalanobis distance discrimination method is applied to establish the evaluation model for the thermal comfort based on the mean skin temperature.The experimental results indicate that the difference of the mean skin temperatures between the comfort level and the discomfort level is significant.Using the evaluation model,the mean skin temperature at the thermal comfort level is 32.6 to 33.7 ℃,and the thermal comfort levels of 72% of the subjects are correctly evaluated.The accuracy of the evaluation model can be improved when the effects of sex of the subject on the mean skin temperature and the thermal comfort are considered.It can be concluded that the mean skin temperature can be used as an effective physiological indicator to evaluate human thermal comfort in a steady thermal environment.展开更多
The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting a...The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting and restoring the structures and functions of the natural forests through sustainable forest management. However, the role of forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics since the adoption of the NFP remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study calculated forest carbon storage(tree, understory, forest floor and soil) in the forest region of northeastern(NE) China based on National Forest Inventory databases and field investigated databases. For tree biomass, this study utilized an improved method for biomass estimation that converts timber volume to total forest biomass; while for understory, forest floor and soil carbon storage, this study utilized forest type-specific mean carbon densities multiplied by their areas in the region. Results showed that the tree carbon pool under the NFP in NE China functioned as a carbon sink from 1998 to 2008, with an increase of 6.3 Tg C/yr, which was mainly sequestrated by natural forests(5.1 Tg C/yr). At the same time, plantations also acted as a carbon sink, reflecting an increase of 1.2 Tg C/yr. In 2008, total carbon storage in forests covered by the NFP in NE China was 4603.8 Tg C, of which 4393.3 Tg C was stored in natural forests and 210.5 Tg C in planted forests. Soil was the largest carbon storage component, contributing 69.5%–77.8% of total carbon storage; followed by tree and forest floor, accounting for 16.3%–23.0% and 5.0%–6.5% of total carbon storage, respectively. Understory carbon pool ranged from 1.9 to 42.7 Tg C, accounting for only 0.9% of total carbon storage.展开更多
建立地质灾害易发性评价模型并开展易发性评价,对提高区域地质灾害预报预警效率和精度有重要意义.然而,如何建立既切合区域实际、又具有推广适用价值的地质灾害易发性评价模型是制约地质灾害预报预警的关键科学问题.以云南省南华县2015...建立地质灾害易发性评价模型并开展易发性评价,对提高区域地质灾害预报预警效率和精度有重要意义.然而,如何建立既切合区域实际、又具有推广适用价值的地质灾害易发性评价模型是制约地质灾害预报预警的关键科学问题.以云南省南华县2015年地质灾害详查数据为基础,选择地形、地貌等11个因子,基于均值法,采取梯度提升树算法(XGBoost、LightGBM、CatBoost)、信息量模型与地理加权回归模型开展了地质灾害易发性评价研究.结果表明:①地理加权回归模型预测结果存在过拟合现象,信息量模型则存在欠拟合现象;②均值法效果最好,AUC(Area Under Curve)值为0.9337,精度较地理加权回归模型、XGBoost、LightGBM、CatBoost、信息量模型分别提高了1.7%、1.8%、2.0%、3.8%、4.0%;③Catboost对正样本的预测效果最差,但是对负样本的预测效果最好,而XGBoost对正样本的预测效果最好,对负样本的预测效果很差,基于3种梯度算法的均值法则对正负样本的预测精度有了明显提高;④南华县地质灾害主要诱因有道路修建、断层活动、降雨冲刷、河流侵蚀,高易发区具有沿河性、沿路性、沿断层性等特征.展开更多
Internet services and web-based applications play pivotal roles in various sensitive domains, encompassing e-commerce, e-learning, e-healthcare, and e-payment. However, safeguarding these services poses a significant ...Internet services and web-based applications play pivotal roles in various sensitive domains, encompassing e-commerce, e-learning, e-healthcare, and e-payment. However, safeguarding these services poses a significant challenge, as the need for robust security measures becomes increasingly imperative. This paper presented an innovative method based on differential analyses to detect abrupt changes in network traffic characteristics. The core concept revolves around identifying abrupt alterations in certain characteristics such as input/output volume, the number of TCP connections, or DNS queries—within the analyzed traffic. Initially, the traffic is segmented into distinct sequences of slices, followed by quantifying specific characteristics for each slice. Subsequently, the distance between successive values of these measured characteristics is computed and clustered to detect sudden changes. To accomplish its objectives, the approach combined several techniques, including propositional logic, distance metrics (e.g., Kullback-Leibler Divergence), and clustering algorithms (e.g., K-means). When applied to two distinct datasets, the proposed approach demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving detection rates of up to 100%.展开更多
RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In s...RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40771190)Special Fund for Meteorological Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No. GYHY200706030)
文摘The objective of this study was to provide reliable basis for decision making for national food security and layout and structure adjustment of grain production in the northeastern China. The data of mean daily air temperature of 1961-2009 from 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China were chosen in this study. Using statistical methods and isoline method, the spatio-temporal changes of various decadal ≥10℃accumulated temperature and the climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were studied in this paper. The results showed that 1） The geo- graphical distribution of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature in the northeastern China could be influenced directly by the latitude, longitude and altitude. If latitude moved one degree northward, the average decrease amplitude of the climatic means was 101.9℃ in the study area. 2） The means of decadal ≥10℃ accumulated temperature rose since the 1980s, and their increase amplitudes became larger in the 1990s and the 2010s obviously. Compared with those of the 1980s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 100℃ in the mountainous and plain areas in the 1990s; compared with those of the 1990s, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased by about 200℃ in the Hulun Buir High Plain and the Songnen Plain, and 100℃ in the Sanjiang Plain and the Liaohe Plain in the 2010s. 3） The means of the decada ≥10℃accumulated temperature for 106 meteorological stations in the northeastern China increased with the rate of 145.57℃/10yr in 1961-2009.4） The climatic means of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increased from 1961-1990 to 1971-2000 and 1981-2009. Compared with the climatic mean of 1971-2000, that of 1981-2009 had increased by above 50℃ in most of the study area, even up to 156℃. Compared with the climatic mean of 1961-1990, that of 1981-2009 increased by above 100℃ in most parts of the study area, even up to 200℃. 5） The maximum northward shift, eastward and westward extension amplitudes of3100℃, 3300℃ and 3500�
文摘针对矿井巷道环境内存在大量的设备和设施,会造成电磁波传播的NLOS(non line of sight)时延、对矿井TOA(time of arrival)定位精度产生不利影响,根据成因将巷道电磁波传播NLOS时延分为随机NLOS时延和固定NLOS时延,分析了两类NLOS时延造成测距误差的特点。为了分步抑制两类NLOS时延造成的TOA测距定位误差,提出基于改进均值滤波和参数拟合的矿井TOA几何定位算法。针对巷道随机NLOS时延造成的以脉冲形式存在的TOA测距误差,提出基于偏差值丢弃的加权均值滤波算法加以抑制;进而提出依据定位区域巷道固定NLOS时延参数拟合方法,用以抑制其造成的TOA测距正向偏移误差,最后采用几何方法进行目标位置的估计。实验结果表明,提出的方法对巷道NLOS时延造成的TOA定位误差具有显著的抑制作用,能够保证矿井TOA定位的精度。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5087125)
文摘The local skin temperatures of 22 subjects at air temperatures of 21,24,26,29 ℃ are measured,and the mean skin temperatures are calculated by ten skin temperature measuring points.The thermal comfort levels and the thermal sensations of these subjects are also investigated by a questionnaire.The Mahalanobis distance discrimination method is applied to establish the evaluation model for the thermal comfort based on the mean skin temperature.The experimental results indicate that the difference of the mean skin temperatures between the comfort level and the discomfort level is significant.Using the evaluation model,the mean skin temperature at the thermal comfort level is 32.6 to 33.7 ℃,and the thermal comfort levels of 72% of the subjects are correctly evaluated.The accuracy of the evaluation model can be improved when the effects of sex of the subject on the mean skin temperature and the thermal comfort are considered.It can be concluded that the mean skin temperature can be used as an effective physiological indicator to evaluate human thermal comfort in a steady thermal environment.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05060200)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012BAD22B04)Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2012T1Z0006)
文摘The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting and restoring the structures and functions of the natural forests through sustainable forest management. However, the role of forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics since the adoption of the NFP remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study calculated forest carbon storage(tree, understory, forest floor and soil) in the forest region of northeastern(NE) China based on National Forest Inventory databases and field investigated databases. For tree biomass, this study utilized an improved method for biomass estimation that converts timber volume to total forest biomass; while for understory, forest floor and soil carbon storage, this study utilized forest type-specific mean carbon densities multiplied by their areas in the region. Results showed that the tree carbon pool under the NFP in NE China functioned as a carbon sink from 1998 to 2008, with an increase of 6.3 Tg C/yr, which was mainly sequestrated by natural forests(5.1 Tg C/yr). At the same time, plantations also acted as a carbon sink, reflecting an increase of 1.2 Tg C/yr. In 2008, total carbon storage in forests covered by the NFP in NE China was 4603.8 Tg C, of which 4393.3 Tg C was stored in natural forests and 210.5 Tg C in planted forests. Soil was the largest carbon storage component, contributing 69.5%–77.8% of total carbon storage; followed by tree and forest floor, accounting for 16.3%–23.0% and 5.0%–6.5% of total carbon storage, respectively. Understory carbon pool ranged from 1.9 to 42.7 Tg C, accounting for only 0.9% of total carbon storage.
文摘建立地质灾害易发性评价模型并开展易发性评价,对提高区域地质灾害预报预警效率和精度有重要意义.然而,如何建立既切合区域实际、又具有推广适用价值的地质灾害易发性评价模型是制约地质灾害预报预警的关键科学问题.以云南省南华县2015年地质灾害详查数据为基础,选择地形、地貌等11个因子,基于均值法,采取梯度提升树算法(XGBoost、LightGBM、CatBoost)、信息量模型与地理加权回归模型开展了地质灾害易发性评价研究.结果表明:①地理加权回归模型预测结果存在过拟合现象,信息量模型则存在欠拟合现象;②均值法效果最好,AUC(Area Under Curve)值为0.9337,精度较地理加权回归模型、XGBoost、LightGBM、CatBoost、信息量模型分别提高了1.7%、1.8%、2.0%、3.8%、4.0%;③Catboost对正样本的预测效果最差,但是对负样本的预测效果最好,而XGBoost对正样本的预测效果最好,对负样本的预测效果很差,基于3种梯度算法的均值法则对正负样本的预测精度有了明显提高;④南华县地质灾害主要诱因有道路修建、断层活动、降雨冲刷、河流侵蚀,高易发区具有沿河性、沿路性、沿断层性等特征.
文摘Internet services and web-based applications play pivotal roles in various sensitive domains, encompassing e-commerce, e-learning, e-healthcare, and e-payment. However, safeguarding these services poses a significant challenge, as the need for robust security measures becomes increasingly imperative. This paper presented an innovative method based on differential analyses to detect abrupt changes in network traffic characteristics. The core concept revolves around identifying abrupt alterations in certain characteristics such as input/output volume, the number of TCP connections, or DNS queries—within the analyzed traffic. Initially, the traffic is segmented into distinct sequences of slices, followed by quantifying specific characteristics for each slice. Subsequently, the distance between successive values of these measured characteristics is computed and clustered to detect sudden changes. To accomplish its objectives, the approach combined several techniques, including propositional logic, distance metrics (e.g., Kullback-Leibler Divergence), and clustering algorithms (e.g., K-means). When applied to two distinct datasets, the proposed approach demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving detection rates of up to 100%.
基金financially supported by Key Technologies R&D Program of Shandong Province(2015GSF115018)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2013FL027+1 种基金ZR2013DM 014)Youth Foundation of Shandong Academy of Science(2013QN030)
文摘RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.
