Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is no...Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is not well known. Three distinct soil samples were used in this investigation. The findings indicated the effect of varied mineral composition proportions and fines amount on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index as assessed by the Casagrande test and hand-rolling method. The fluctuation of maximum dry density and optimal moisture content with these three soils has also been studied. Furthermore, correlations were established to indicate the compaction parameters and the amount of minerals and particles in the soil. The data show that the mineral content of the soil has a direct impact on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics. Soils containing larger percentages of expansive minerals, such as montmorillonite, have more flexibility and volume change capability. Mineral composition influences compaction parameters such as maximum dry density, ideal water content, axial strain, and axial stress. Soils with a larger proportion of fines, such as Soil 2 and Soil 3, have stronger flexibility and lower compaction qualities, with higher ideal water content and lower maximum dry density. Soil 1 has moderate flexibility and intermediate compaction qualities due to its low fines percentage. The effect of different mineral compositions and fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils can be used to predict the behavior of compacted soils encountered in engineering practices, reducing the time and effort required to assess soil suitability for engineering use.展开更多
In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L....In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)were assessed by supervised field trials at 6 locations of China in 2020. A reliable QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous analysis of cyazofamid and its primary metabolite, 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile(CCIM). The average recoveries of cyazofamid and CCIM in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce were 79%–97% and 77%–99%, respectively. The half-lives of cyazofamid in these crops were 5.7–6.5, 5.3–8.7 and 5.8–6.5 days in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce, respectively, with the final cyazofamid residues at harvest all lower than limit of quantitation(LOQ, 0.01 mg/kg). The turnip roots, onion bulbs and romaine lettuce leaves grown in China under Good Agricultural Practices conditions and harvested 10, 14 and 5 days, respectively, after the cyazofamid SC(100 g/L)application, would be reasonably safe for consumption by the general population. The maximum residue limit(MRL)values of cyazofamid could be tentatively set as 10 mg/kg for turnip leaves, 0.3 mg/kg for turnip roots, 0.05 mg/kg for onion bulbs, and 10 mg/kg for romaine lettuce leaves.展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of quasi-stationary sequence based on the result of Turkman and Walker. We prove an almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of a class...This paper investigates the problem of almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of quasi-stationary sequence based on the result of Turkman and Walker. We prove an almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of a class of quasi-stationary sequence under weak dependence conditions of D （uk, un） and αtm,ln = 0 （（log log n）-（1＋ε））.展开更多
Let {X（t）, t ≥ 0} be a standard（zero-mean, unit-variance） stationary Gaussian process with correlation function r（·） and continuous sample paths. In this paper, we consider the maxima M（T） = max{X（t）, ...Let {X（t）, t ≥ 0} be a standard（zero-mean, unit-variance） stationary Gaussian process with correlation function r（·） and continuous sample paths. In this paper, we consider the maxima M（T） = max{X（t）, t∈ [0, T ]} with random index TT, where TT /T converges to a non-degenerate distribution or to a positive random variable in probability, and show that the limit distribution of M（TT） exists under some additional conditions related to the correlation function r（·）.展开更多
We consider a problem from stock market modeling, precisely, choice of adequate distribution of modeling extremal behavior of stock market data. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and generalized Pareto (GP)...We consider a problem from stock market modeling, precisely, choice of adequate distribution of modeling extremal behavior of stock market data. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and generalized Pareto (GP) distribution are the classical distributions for this problem. However, from 2004, [1] and many other researchers have been empirically showing that generalized logistic (GL) distribution is a better model than GEV and GP distributions in modeling extreme movement of stock market data. In this paper, we show that these results are not accidental. We prove the theoretical importance of GL distribution in extreme value modeling. For proving this, we introduce a general multivariate limit theorem and deduce some important multivariate theorems in probability as special cases. By using the theorem, we derive a limit theorem in extreme value theory, where GL distribution plays central role instead of GEV distribution. The proof of this result is parallel to the proof of classical extremal types theorem, in the sense that, it possess important characteristic in classical extreme value theory, for e.g. distributional property, stability, convergence and multivariate extension etc.展开更多
This article deals with correlating two variables that have values that fall below the known limit of detection (LOD) of the measuring device;these values are known as non-detects (NDs). We use simulation to compare s...This article deals with correlating two variables that have values that fall below the known limit of detection (LOD) of the measuring device;these values are known as non-detects (NDs). We use simulation to compare several methods for estimating the association between two such variables. The most commonly used method, simple substitution, consists of replacing each ND with some representative value such as LOD/2. Spearman’s correlation, in which all NDs are assumed to be tied at some value just smaller than the LOD, is also used. We evaluate each method under several scenarios, including small to moderate sample size, moderate to large censoring proportions, extr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eme imbalance in censoring proportions, and non-bivariate nor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mal (BVN) data. In this article, we focus on the coverage probability of 95% confidence intervals obtained using each method. Confidence intervals using a maximum likelihood approach based on the assumption of BVN data have acceptable performance under most scenarios, even with non-BVN data. Intervals based on Spearman’s coefficient also perform well under many conditions. The methods are illustrated using real data taken from the biomarker literature.展开更多
Commercially pure titanium（CP Ti） has been actively used in the plate heat exchanger due to its light weight, high specific strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, researches for the plastic deformati...Commercially pure titanium（CP Ti） has been actively used in the plate heat exchanger due to its light weight, high specific strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, researches for the plastic deformation characteristics and press formability of the CP Ti sheet are not much in comparison with automotive steels and aluminum alloys. The mechanical properties and hardening behavior evaluated in stress-strain relation of the CP Ti sheet are clarified in relation with press formability. The flow curve denoting true stress-true strain relation for CP Ti sheet is fitted well by the Kim-Tuan hardening equation rather than Voce and Swift models. The forming limit curve（FLC） of CP Ti sheet as a criterion for press formability was experimentally evaluated by punch stretching test and analytically predicted via Hora＇s modified maximum force criterion. The predicted FLC by adopting Kim-Tuan hardening model and appropriate yield function shows good correlation with the experimental results of punch stretching test.展开更多
On the basis of strict mathematical description about Failure_Free Period Life Test (FFPLT), the statistical properties of the tests and optimal confidence limit of the parameter are discussed in detail and correspond...On the basis of strict mathematical description about Failure_Free Period Life Test (FFPLT), the statistical properties of the tests and optimal confidence limit of the parameter are discussed in detail and corresponding calculating formulae are found out.展开更多
文摘Because of the various elements that come into play in natural soil formation, the impact of varied proportions of mineral composition and fines amount on Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils is not well known. Three distinct soil samples were used in this investigation. The findings indicated the effect of varied mineral composition proportions and fines amount on the liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index as assessed by the Casagrande test and hand-rolling method. The fluctuation of maximum dry density and optimal moisture content with these three soils has also been studied. Furthermore, correlations were established to indicate the compaction parameters and the amount of minerals and particles in the soil. The data show that the mineral content of the soil has a direct impact on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics. Soils containing larger percentages of expansive minerals, such as montmorillonite, have more flexibility and volume change capability. Mineral composition influences compaction parameters such as maximum dry density, ideal water content, axial strain, and axial stress. Soils with a larger proportion of fines, such as Soil 2 and Soil 3, have stronger flexibility and lower compaction qualities, with higher ideal water content and lower maximum dry density. Soil 1 has moderate flexibility and intermediate compaction qualities due to its low fines percentage. The effect of different mineral compositions and fines on the Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics of soils can be used to predict the behavior of compacted soils encountered in engineering practices, reducing the time and effort required to assess soil suitability for engineering use.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project (2016YFD0200200)the Project of Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2019GNC106090)+1 种基金the Foundation from the Ministry of Agricultural of China (14192061)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CXGC21B13)。
文摘In this study, the dissipation, terminal residues and dietary risk of the cyazofamid residue in three globally consumed minor crops, turnip(Brassica rapa L.), onion(Allium cepa L.)and romaine lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)were assessed by supervised field trials at 6 locations of China in 2020. A reliable QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous analysis of cyazofamid and its primary metabolite, 4-chloro-5-p-tolylimidazole-2-carbonitrile(CCIM). The average recoveries of cyazofamid and CCIM in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce were 79%–97% and 77%–99%, respectively. The half-lives of cyazofamid in these crops were 5.7–6.5, 5.3–8.7 and 5.8–6.5 days in turnip, onion and romaine lettuce, respectively, with the final cyazofamid residues at harvest all lower than limit of quantitation(LOQ, 0.01 mg/kg). The turnip roots, onion bulbs and romaine lettuce leaves grown in China under Good Agricultural Practices conditions and harvested 10, 14 and 5 days, respectively, after the cyazofamid SC(100 g/L)application, would be reasonably safe for consumption by the general population. The maximum residue limit(MRL)values of cyazofamid could be tentatively set as 10 mg/kg for turnip leaves, 0.3 mg/kg for turnip roots, 0.05 mg/kg for onion bulbs, and 10 mg/kg for romaine lettuce leaves.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11171275)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ(cstc2012jjA00029)Liaocheng University Foundation(X09005)
文摘This paper investigates the problem of almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of quasi-stationary sequence based on the result of Turkman and Walker. We prove an almost sure limit theorem for the maximum of a class of quasi-stationary sequence under weak dependence conditions of D （uk, un） and αtm,ln = 0 （（log log n）-（1＋ε））.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11326175)Research Start-up Foundation of Jiaxing University(Grant No.70512021)
文摘Let {X（t）, t ≥ 0} be a standard（zero-mean, unit-variance） stationary Gaussian process with correlation function r（·） and continuous sample paths. In this paper, we consider the maxima M（T） = max{X（t）, t∈ [0, T ]} with random index TT, where TT /T converges to a non-degenerate distribution or to a positive random variable in probability, and show that the limit distribution of M（TT） exists under some additional conditions related to the correlation function r（·）.
文摘We consider a problem from stock market modeling, precisely, choice of adequate distribution of modeling extremal behavior of stock market data. Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and generalized Pareto (GP) distribution are the classical distributions for this problem. However, from 2004, [1] and many other researchers have been empirically showing that generalized logistic (GL) distribution is a better model than GEV and GP distributions in modeling extreme movement of stock market data. In this paper, we show that these results are not accidental. We prove the theoretical importance of GL distribution in extreme value modeling. For proving this, we introduce a general multivariate limit theorem and deduce some important multivariate theorems in probability as special cases. By using the theorem, we derive a limit theorem in extreme value theory, where GL distribution plays central role instead of GEV distribution. The proof of this result is parallel to the proof of classical extremal types theorem, in the sense that, it possess important characteristic in classical extreme value theory, for e.g. distributional property, stability, convergence and multivariate extension etc.
文摘This article deals with correlating two variables that have values that fall below the known limit of detection (LOD) of the measuring device;these values are known as non-detects (NDs). We use simulation to compare several methods for estimating the association between two such variables. The most commonly used method, simple substitution, consists of replacing each ND with some representative value such as LOD/2. Spearman’s correlation, in which all NDs are assumed to be tied at some value just smaller than the LOD, is also used. We evaluate each method under several scenarios, including small to moderate sample size, moderate to large censoring proportions, extr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">eme imbalance in censoring proportions, and non-bivariate nor</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mal (BVN) data. In this article, we focus on the coverage probability of 95% confidence intervals obtained using each method. Confidence intervals using a maximum likelihood approach based on the assumption of BVN data have acceptable performance under most scenarios, even with non-BVN data. Intervals based on Spearman’s coefficient also perform well under many conditions. The methods are illustrated using real data taken from the biomarker literature.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) granted by the Korea government [2014R1A2A2A01005903]Priority Research Centers Program (2010-0020089)support from a grant [R0003356] (Tuning Professional Support Center in Daegu Metropolitan City) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Korea)
文摘Commercially pure titanium（CP Ti） has been actively used in the plate heat exchanger due to its light weight, high specific strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, researches for the plastic deformation characteristics and press formability of the CP Ti sheet are not much in comparison with automotive steels and aluminum alloys. The mechanical properties and hardening behavior evaluated in stress-strain relation of the CP Ti sheet are clarified in relation with press formability. The flow curve denoting true stress-true strain relation for CP Ti sheet is fitted well by the Kim-Tuan hardening equation rather than Voce and Swift models. The forming limit curve（FLC） of CP Ti sheet as a criterion for press formability was experimentally evaluated by punch stretching test and analytically predicted via Hora＇s modified maximum force criterion. The predicted FLC by adopting Kim-Tuan hardening model and appropriate yield function shows good correlation with the experimental results of punch stretching test.
文摘On the basis of strict mathematical description about Failure_Free Period Life Test (FFPLT), the statistical properties of the tests and optimal confidence limit of the parameter are discussed in detail and corresponding calculating formulae are found out.
