在20世纪90年代,有学者认为峨眉山大火成岩省(Emeishan Large Igneous Province,ELIP)大规模火山活动与二叠-三叠系之交(Permian-Triassic Boundary,P-TB)的生物大灭绝事件在时间上有耦合关系,随后的40Ar/39Ar同位素测年结果也显示峨眉...在20世纪90年代,有学者认为峨眉山大火成岩省(Emeishan Large Igneous Province,ELIP)大规模火山活动与二叠-三叠系之交(Permian-Triassic Boundary,P-TB)的生物大灭绝事件在时间上有耦合关系,随后的40Ar/39Ar同位素测年结果也显示峨眉山大火成岩省是晚二叠世形成的。但是,近些年大量的SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果表明,ELIP大规模火山喷发约在～260Ma;因此有研究认为,ELIP火山活动与中二叠世瓜德卢普期末(end-Guadalupian)的生物灭绝事件在时间上联系更加紧密。至于P-T界线生物大灭绝,现在多数学者认为是,由于西伯利亚大火成岩省火山强烈活动释放大量气体和火山灰所造成环境变化引起的。最近,我们在ELIP东部的贵州盘县峨眉山玄武岩系剖面中发现顶部发育厚度达近百米的凝灰岩层,其LA-ICP-MSU-Pb法测年结果为251.0±1.0Ma,与浙江煤山剖面中二叠系-三叠系边界处黏土层或火山灰层的锆石U-Pb年龄接近。因此,峨眉山玄武岩喷发结束的时间应该在P-T边界,与西伯利亚大火成岩省的主体喷发时间一致。新的测年结果暗示了ELIP火山活动与地球历史上最大的一次生物灭绝事件(P-T边界)可能存在着成因联系。展开更多
Recent observations of young volcanism on the near-Earth terrestrial planets require a new understanding. Magmatic/volcanic episodes on Venus, Mars and Mercury, as well as on Earth’s Moon, are apparently contemporane...Recent observations of young volcanism on the near-Earth terrestrial planets require a new understanding. Magmatic/volcanic episodes on Venus, Mars and Mercury, as well as on Earth’s Moon, are apparently contemporaneous thermal events that accompanied increased magmatic/volcanic activity on Earth, following a 300-Myr cycle. A collateral galactic thermal source in the Milky Way appears to be needed that would predominantly affect the interior of the planets and, perhaps indirectly, Earth’s biosphere, compared to other galactic sources, such as intense cosmic rays or large, rocky bolides. The search for such a source leads to near-Earth supernovae, with their neutrino output, and to the question of whether those neutrinos could act as energy transmitters to heat up the body of Earth, and also enhance its short-term magmatic processes;for example, Cenozoic anorogenic volcanism. This observation challenges present assumptions and paradigms about Earth’s history, and requires the following reconsiderations: 1) the real origin of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction;2) the general radioactive age determinations of rocks;and 3) geodynamic modelling using additional, external heat sources.展开更多
自从地球诞生以来经历了许多重大事件:早期生命的出现、大气氧化事件(Atmospheric oxygenation)、雪球地球及多次生物绝灭与复苏事件。稳定同位素记录在古环境和生命演化研究中具有重要意义,在记录环境变化和生命演化的重大事件中发挥...自从地球诞生以来经历了许多重大事件:早期生命的出现、大气氧化事件(Atmospheric oxygenation)、雪球地球及多次生物绝灭与复苏事件。稳定同位素记录在古环境和生命演化研究中具有重要意义,在记录环境变化和生命演化的重大事件中发挥着重大作用:碳同位素的分馏记录了最早生命的开始,硫同位素的非质量相关分馏(Indepenclent mass fractionation of sulphur isotopes)记录了大气中氧含量的重大变化,而在显生宙的几次重大生物灭绝事件中,均有碳同位素的负向漂移。展开更多
Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches(specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general)might provide insight into some of the grand challenges...Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches(specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general)might provide insight into some of the grand challenges in Earth’s history:evolution of minerals,rise of oxygen,life,influence of super continental cycles,quantifying the magnitude of extinction events,and more.As a result,the team of mineralogists,petrologists,geochemists.展开更多
文摘Recent observations of young volcanism on the near-Earth terrestrial planets require a new understanding. Magmatic/volcanic episodes on Venus, Mars and Mercury, as well as on Earth’s Moon, are apparently contemporaneous thermal events that accompanied increased magmatic/volcanic activity on Earth, following a 300-Myr cycle. A collateral galactic thermal source in the Milky Way appears to be needed that would predominantly affect the interior of the planets and, perhaps indirectly, Earth’s biosphere, compared to other galactic sources, such as intense cosmic rays or large, rocky bolides. The search for such a source leads to near-Earth supernovae, with their neutrino output, and to the question of whether those neutrinos could act as energy transmitters to heat up the body of Earth, and also enhance its short-term magmatic processes;for example, Cenozoic anorogenic volcanism. This observation challenges present assumptions and paradigms about Earth’s history, and requires the following reconsiderations: 1) the real origin of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction;2) the general radioactive age determinations of rocks;and 3) geodynamic modelling using additional, external heat sources.
文摘自从地球诞生以来经历了许多重大事件:早期生命的出现、大气氧化事件(Atmospheric oxygenation)、雪球地球及多次生物绝灭与复苏事件。稳定同位素记录在古环境和生命演化研究中具有重要意义,在记录环境变化和生命演化的重大事件中发挥着重大作用:碳同位素的分馏记录了最早生命的开始,硫同位素的非质量相关分馏(Indepenclent mass fractionation of sulphur isotopes)记录了大气中氧含量的重大变化,而在显生宙的几次重大生物灭绝事件中,均有碳同位素的负向漂移。
基金supported by the WM Keck Foundationthe AP Sloan Foundation.
文摘Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches(specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general)might provide insight into some of the grand challenges in Earth’s history:evolution of minerals,rise of oxygen,life,influence of super continental cycles,quantifying the magnitude of extinction events,and more.As a result,the team of mineralogists,petrologists,geochemists.
