In December 11,2018,the fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize,sorghum and other crops.Here,we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e.,ma...In December 11,2018,the fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize,sorghum and other crops.Here,we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e.,maize,sorghum,wheat and rice)and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain.Larval diet affected development duration,pupation rate,survival and emergence rate of pupae,and S.frugiperda adult fecundity.FAW attained the slowest larval development(19.4 days)on sorghum and the fastest(14.1 days)on artificial diet,with larvae attaining 99.6%survival on the latter food item.On rice,FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4%and were unable to pupate successfully.Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages.Pupal weight was the highest(0.26 g)on artificial diet and the lowest(0.14 g)on sorghum,while FAW females reached the highest fecundity(699.7 eggs/female)on 2-leaf stage maize.Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6%on 4-or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6%on artificial diet.FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets,reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet.Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols,devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of‘area-wide’integrated pest management(IPM)modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.展开更多
Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very larg...Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices(three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.展开更多
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-19)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Y2019YJ06)。
文摘In December 11,2018,the fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda invaded China and has since impacted local maize,sorghum and other crops.Here,we draw on laboratory experiments to show how different host crops(i.e.,maize,sorghum,wheat and rice)and artificial diet affect larval growth and adult reproduction of one local FAW strain.Larval diet affected development duration,pupation rate,survival and emergence rate of pupae,and S.frugiperda adult fecundity.FAW attained the slowest larval development(19.4 days)on sorghum and the fastest(14.1 days)on artificial diet,with larvae attaining 99.6%survival on the latter food item.On rice,FAW larvae attained survival rate of 0.4%and were unable to pupate successfully.Pupation rate and pupal survival varied substantially between artificial diet and live plantlets at different phenological stages.Pupal weight was the highest(0.26 g)on artificial diet and the lowest(0.14 g)on sorghum,while FAW females reached the highest fecundity(699.7 eggs/female)on 2-leaf stage maize.Egg hatching rate equaled 93.6%on 4-or 5-leaf stage maize and 36.6%on artificial diet.FAW intrinsic rate of natural increase and the finite rate of increase varied between larval diets,reflecting how young maize leaves are the most suitable diet.Our findings can help to refine laboratory rearing protocols,devise population forecasting models or guide the deployment of‘area-wide’integrated pest management(IPM)modules in FAW-invaded areas of China and other Asian countries.
基金supported by the Key Program(31630060)Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(31230068)General Program(31672079 and 31501700) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Biological control(biocontrol) is a safe, sustainable approach that takes advantage of natural enemies such as predators, parasitic insects or pathogens to manage pests in agroecosystems. Parasitoid wasps, a very large evolutionary group of hymenopteran insects, are well-known biological control agents for arthropod pests in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the application of parasitoid wasps in biocontrol in China for the last five years. These include species diversity of parasitoid wasps, identification of dominant parasitoid wasps associated with insect pests and biocontrol practices(three types of biological control, i.e., classical, augmentative and conservation biological control) in several Chinese agroecosystems. We then treat different mass-rearing and release technologies and the commercialization of several parasitoid wasp species. We also summarize other work that may have a potential use in biocontrol, including the effect of plant volatiles on parasitoids and recent advance in the molecular mechanisms underlying the host regulation by parasitoid wasps. Future research area and applied perspectives are also discussed, noting that advances in biocontrol technologies in Chinese agriculture informs research at the global level.
