Sweet sorghum is considered a leading non-grain candidate for bioethanol production due to its low input requirement,good tolerance,high biomass potential,and high sugar content.However,insufficient studies have been ...Sweet sorghum is considered a leading non-grain candidate for bioethanol production due to its low input requirement,good tolerance,high biomass potential,and high sugar content.However,insufficient studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production potential considering the water resources limitation.We presented a multi-factor analysis method not only considering terrain,meteorology,soil,and crop natural growth habits but also considering the local water resource to explore the available marginal land suitable for sweet sorghum cultivation and assess the bioethanol production potential in Northwest China.The results showed that 4.63×10^(7)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting.Considering the constraint of local water resources,2.76×10^(6)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting,accounting for 4.7%of the total available marginal land.And 1.23×10^(10)L bioethanol could be produced on it.Moreover,for these districts under low water stress levels,9.79×10^(5)hm^(2)available marginal land in Gannan Tibet AP and Longnan of Gansu and Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia was considered a priority to develop sweet sorghum-based bioethanol,and 5.56×10^(9)L bioethanol could be produced in these districts,which can satisfy the 1.54%biofuel goal for 2050 of China.展开更多
The study presented an analysis accessing the feasibility of using concrete containing marginal aggregates in concrete pavement slabs. The physical properties of aggregates were first determined and concrete was produ...The study presented an analysis accessing the feasibility of using concrete containing marginal aggregates in concrete pavement slabs. The physical properties of aggregates were first determined and concrete was produced from them. Marginal aggregates were found to have higher fines, absorption, soundness loss, micro-Deval abrasion loss, LA （Los Angeles） abrasion loss and lower specific gravity and unit weight when compared with standard aggregates. Workability of concrete containing marginal aggregate was found to be similar to concrete containing normal aggregates when Shilstone mix design method was used to optimize the concrete mixes. The compressive strength, splitting tensile, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete containing marginal aggregates were determined and found to be generally lower than concrete containing standard aggregates. A typical concrete pavement in Florida was modeled in FEACONSIV （finite element analysis of concrete slab） software developed at the University of Florida. Laboratory determined mechanical and thermal properties of concrete were inputted in FEACONS IV and analyzed for maximum induced stresses. Critical stress to strength ratios, i.e., ratio between maximum computed stresses obtained from FEACONS IV to modulus of rupture （strength） of concrete, was used as evaluation criterion for different concrete pavement mixes. It was found that, in general, concrete containing marginal aggregates have higher stress to strength ratios as compared with concrete containing standard aggregates.展开更多
Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994~1996), Fujian GPS network (1995~1997), cross fault deformation network (1982-1998), precise leveling network (1973~1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent sev...Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994~1996), Fujian GPS network (1995~1997), cross fault deformation network (1982-1998), precise leveling network (1973~1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11 .2±3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0±2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics f the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone.展开更多
Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion expe...Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion experiment was carried out on seedlings of two tree species with distinct characteristics,i.e.,Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii to examine hydraulic responses of leaf,stem,and root to drought stress.The two species displayed different hydraulic strategies and related traits in response to drought stress.L.gmelinii reduced its leaf hydraulic conductance by quick stomatal closure and a slow decline in leaf water potential,with a more isohydric stomatal regulation to maintain its water status.In contrast,F.mandshurica was more anisohydric with a negative stomatal safety margin,exhibiting strong resistance to embolism in stem and leafstem segmentation of hydraulic vulnerability to preserve the hydraulic integrity of stem.These differences in hydraulic behaviors and traits between the two species in response to drought stress provide a potential mechanism for their coexistence in temperate forests,including which in the forest modeling would improve our prediction of tree growth and distribution under future climate change.展开更多
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51861125103,51725904,51621061)the Discipline Innovative Engineering Plan(Grant No.111 Program,B14002)。
文摘Sweet sorghum is considered a leading non-grain candidate for bioethanol production due to its low input requirement,good tolerance,high biomass potential,and high sugar content.However,insufficient studies have been conducted on the spatial distribution of sweet sorghum-based bioethanol production potential considering the water resources limitation.We presented a multi-factor analysis method not only considering terrain,meteorology,soil,and crop natural growth habits but also considering the local water resource to explore the available marginal land suitable for sweet sorghum cultivation and assess the bioethanol production potential in Northwest China.The results showed that 4.63×10^(7)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting.Considering the constraint of local water resources,2.76×10^(6)hm^(2)available marginal land was suitable for sweet sorghum planting,accounting for 4.7%of the total available marginal land.And 1.23×10^(10)L bioethanol could be produced on it.Moreover,for these districts under low water stress levels,9.79×10^(5)hm^(2)available marginal land in Gannan Tibet AP and Longnan of Gansu and Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia was considered a priority to develop sweet sorghum-based bioethanol,and 5.56×10^(9)L bioethanol could be produced in these districts,which can satisfy the 1.54%biofuel goal for 2050 of China.
文摘The study presented an analysis accessing the feasibility of using concrete containing marginal aggregates in concrete pavement slabs. The physical properties of aggregates were first determined and concrete was produced from them. Marginal aggregates were found to have higher fines, absorption, soundness loss, micro-Deval abrasion loss, LA （Los Angeles） abrasion loss and lower specific gravity and unit weight when compared with standard aggregates. Workability of concrete containing marginal aggregate was found to be similar to concrete containing normal aggregates when Shilstone mix design method was used to optimize the concrete mixes. The compressive strength, splitting tensile, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete containing marginal aggregates were determined and found to be generally lower than concrete containing standard aggregates. A typical concrete pavement in Florida was modeled in FEACONSIV （finite element analysis of concrete slab） software developed at the University of Florida. Laboratory determined mechanical and thermal properties of concrete were inputted in FEACONS IV and analyzed for maximum induced stresses. Critical stress to strength ratios, i.e., ratio between maximum computed stresses obtained from FEACONS IV to modulus of rupture （strength） of concrete, was used as evaluation criterion for different concrete pavement mixes. It was found that, in general, concrete containing marginal aggregates have higher stress to strength ratios as compared with concrete containing standard aggregates.
文摘Based on the Chinese mainland GPS network (1994~1996), Fujian GPS network (1995~1997), cross fault deformation network (1982-1998), precise leveling network (1973~1980) and focal mechanism solutions of the recent several tens years, we synthetically and quantitatively studied the present-time crustal motion of the southeast coast of Chinese mainland-Fujian and its marginal sea. We find that this area with its mainland together moves toward SE with a rather constant velocity of 11 .2±3.0 mm/a. At the same time, there is a motion from the Quanzhou bay pointing to hinterland, with a major orientation of NW, extending toward two sides, and with an average velocity of 3.0±2.6 mm/a. The faults orienting NE show compressing motions, and the ones orienting NW show extending motions. The present-time strain field derived from crustal deformation is consistent with seismic stress field derived from the focal mechanism solutions and the tectonic stress field derived from geology data. The principal stress of compression orients NW (NWW) - SE (SEE). Demarcated by the NW orienting faults of the Quanzhou bay and Jinjiang-Yongan, the crustal motions show regional characteristics f the southwest of Fujian and the boundary of Fujian and Guangdong are areas of rising, the northeast of Fujian are areas of sinking. The horizontal strain rate and the fault motion of the former are both greater than the later. The side-transferring motion of Hymalaya collision zone and the compression of the west pacific subduction zone affect the motion of the research area. The amount of motion affected by the former is larger than the later, but the former is homogeneous and the later is not, which indicates that the events of strong earthquakes in this region relate more directly with western pacific subduction zone.
基金the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BAD37B01)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_15R09)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0600201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572018AA07)。
文摘Persistent and severe drought induced by global climate change causes tree mortality mainly due to the hydraulic imbalance of conduit systems,but the magnitude of injury may be species dependent.A water-exclusion experiment was carried out on seedlings of two tree species with distinct characteristics,i.e.,Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii to examine hydraulic responses of leaf,stem,and root to drought stress.The two species displayed different hydraulic strategies and related traits in response to drought stress.L.gmelinii reduced its leaf hydraulic conductance by quick stomatal closure and a slow decline in leaf water potential,with a more isohydric stomatal regulation to maintain its water status.In contrast,F.mandshurica was more anisohydric with a negative stomatal safety margin,exhibiting strong resistance to embolism in stem and leafstem segmentation of hydraulic vulnerability to preserve the hydraulic integrity of stem.These differences in hydraulic behaviors and traits between the two species in response to drought stress provide a potential mechanism for their coexistence in temperate forests,including which in the forest modeling would improve our prediction of tree growth and distribution under future climate change.
