采用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)代谢组学技术对天然奶油和人造奶油的氘代氯仿(CDCl_3)提取物进行了鉴别研究。结果表明:与麦淇淋相比,黄油中甾醇、丁酸、1-戊烯、共轭亚油酸含量较高,而总不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸的含量较低...采用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)代谢组学技术对天然奶油和人造奶油的氘代氯仿(CDCl_3)提取物进行了鉴别研究。结果表明:与麦淇淋相比,黄油中甾醇、丁酸、1-戊烯、共轭亚油酸含量较高,而总不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸的含量较低;与植脂奶油相比,稀奶油中甾醇、丁酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、1-戊烯、共轭亚油酸、总不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,而总饱和脂肪酸含量较低,并且都具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中脂肪酸的代谢组学分析结果与气相色谱法所得结果一致。建立的基于NMR代谢组学技术对天然奶油与人造奶油快速、简便的鉴别方法,可以鉴定不同种类奶油的差异化学成分,为奶油制品的品质鉴别和质量控制研究提供分析方法。展开更多
The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activi...The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable a展开更多
文摘采用核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)代谢组学技术对天然奶油和人造奶油的氘代氯仿(CDCl_3)提取物进行了鉴别研究。结果表明:与麦淇淋相比,黄油中甾醇、丁酸、1-戊烯、共轭亚油酸含量较高,而总不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸的含量较低;与植脂奶油相比,稀奶油中甾醇、丁酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸、1-戊烯、共轭亚油酸、总不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,而总饱和脂肪酸含量较低,并且都具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其中脂肪酸的代谢组学分析结果与气相色谱法所得结果一致。建立的基于NMR代谢组学技术对天然奶油与人造奶油快速、简便的鉴别方法,可以鉴定不同种类奶油的差异化学成分,为奶油制品的品质鉴别和质量控制研究提供分析方法。
文摘The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable a
