目的探讨不同发育阶段的女童乳腺和盆腔超声的影像学参数变化特征以及对特发性中枢性性早熟(idiopathic central precocious puberty,ICPP)、单纯乳房早发育(premature thelarche,PT)女童的诊断和鉴别诊断意义。方法选择青春发育阶段女...目的探讨不同发育阶段的女童乳腺和盆腔超声的影像学参数变化特征以及对特发性中枢性性早熟(idiopathic central precocious puberty,ICPP)、单纯乳房早发育(premature thelarche,PT)女童的诊断和鉴别诊断意义。方法选择青春发育阶段女童124例为研究对象,测量身高、体重;拍摄骨龄片、测性激素、做盆腔及乳腺超声,并进行乳腺超声分级评估。根据性早熟的年龄(8岁前出现乳房发育)界定,从中筛选出达到性早熟年龄界定的女童54例,最终确诊16例ICPP组和38例PT组,比较2组间第二性征、盆腔超声参数及乳腺超声分级的差异。结果24例受试女童按乳腺超声分级,A级34例(27.4%)、B级49例(39.5%)、C级18例(14.5%)、D级5例(4%)、E级18例(14.5%)。各级间年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、子宫体积、子宫长径、子宫前后径/宫颈前后径值(uterus/anterior-posterior diameter of cervix,FCR)、最大卵巢体积、子宫内膜厚度、阴道壁厚度、≥4 mm卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、乳芽直径及乳芽体积均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者中ICPP 16例,PT 38例,2组间年龄、子宫体积、子宫长径、子宫内膜厚度、最大卵巢体积、≥4 mm卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、乳芽直径及乳芽体积差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI、FCR值及阴道壁厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16例ICPP受试者乳腺超声分级为:A级1例(6.3%),B级13例(81.2%),C级2例(12.5%)。38例PT受试者乳腺超声分级为:A级18例(47.4%),B级18例(47.4%),C级2例(5.2%),组间乳腺超声分级差异有统计学(P<0.05)。结论乳腺超声分级可用于评估女童青春期发育。乳腺、盆腔超声和乳腺超声分级对于女童ICPP和PT间均有一定诊断及鉴别诊断价值。展开更多
Human leptin expressed by \%E.coli\% had been used to treat human obesity in American and scientists had achieved good effects, the researchers here wanted to know whether human leptin can be expressed in the mammary ...Human leptin expressed by \%E.coli\% had been used to treat human obesity in American and scientists had achieved good effects, the researchers here wanted to know whether human leptin can be expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic animas. In this study, human leptin gene about 1.0kb, the terminator of rabbit whey acid protein gene (rWAP) about 0.2kb and the promoter including the distal upstream region and part of the first exon of rWAP gene about 6.3kb were used to construct a expression vector. Before we did the subclonings, the sequences of the human leptin gene were sequenced by ABI377 DNA Sequencer, the results showed that the fragment of human leptin gene included the last nine base pairs of the first exon, the complete sequences of the second exon(172bp) and parts of the third exon(including part of the encoding sequences and part of the 3′ untranslated region). The final expression vector was digested with \%Not\%I and a fragment of 7.5kb was collected and dissolved in TE(10 mmol/L Tris\5Cl,pH7.4;0.1mmol/L EDTA) for later microinjection. The concentration of DNA was about 2μg/mL, the copy number in 1mL was about 2.4×10 11 , every 1 to 2pL of the prepared DNA solution was microinjected into the mouse embryos at pronucleus stage. After standard microinjection procedures, 48 live mice were obtained. The tails of the mice were cut(about 0.1g) at four weeks of age, genomic DNA was extracted and digested completely with \%Eco\%RI, two were confirmed to be transgenic mice(both were female) by Southern hybridization using DIG labeled human leptin gene as probe, transgenic rate among the mice born was about 4% (2/48). The two female transgenic mice(2\+# and C\-3) were mated with nontransgenic male mice. The two founder transgenic mice were segregated with their baby mice for at least three hours at the fifth day after parturition and were milked by intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 IU of oxytocin and udder massage. SDS\|PAGE was used to analyze whether there were expression of human leptin in the milk of展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects of Lubeikangru formula(LF) on hyperplasia of the mammary glands(HMG) induced by estrogen and progesterone in mice.METHODS: Female mice were divided randomly into five grou...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects of Lubeikangru formula(LF) on hyperplasia of the mammary glands(HMG) induced by estrogen and progesterone in mice.METHODS: Female mice were divided randomly into five groups: normal, model, tamoxifen(3 mg/kg),Rupixiao(900 mg/kg) and LF(900 mg/kg). All mice except those in the normal group were treated sequentially with estradiol and progesterone to induce HMG. From the tenth day of induction, mice in normal and model groups received distilled water and mice in the other groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day, for 30 d.At the end of treatment, the mammary glands, ovaries, hypothalamus, and serum was collected for whole-mount and hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs), or western blotting.RESULTS: Whole-mount and HE staining of mammary glands showed that LF rescued(at least in part) the hyperplasic morphology of the mammary glands, and the number of branch points decreased after LF treatment(P < 0.05). ELISAs revealed that levels of estrogen and progesterone were decreased following LF treatment, whereas levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were increased in serum and tissues. Western blotting confirmed that LF treatment led to a reduction in expression of phosphorylated(p)-Erk, p-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase. LF was also confirmed to be safe by acute-toxicity tests.CONCLUSION: LF can protect the mammary glands of mice from estrogen-and progesterone-induced hyperplasia by adjusting hormone levels and regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.展开更多
文摘目的探讨不同发育阶段的女童乳腺和盆腔超声的影像学参数变化特征以及对特发性中枢性性早熟(idiopathic central precocious puberty,ICPP)、单纯乳房早发育(premature thelarche,PT)女童的诊断和鉴别诊断意义。方法选择青春发育阶段女童124例为研究对象,测量身高、体重;拍摄骨龄片、测性激素、做盆腔及乳腺超声,并进行乳腺超声分级评估。根据性早熟的年龄(8岁前出现乳房发育)界定,从中筛选出达到性早熟年龄界定的女童54例,最终确诊16例ICPP组和38例PT组,比较2组间第二性征、盆腔超声参数及乳腺超声分级的差异。结果24例受试女童按乳腺超声分级,A级34例(27.4%)、B级49例(39.5%)、C级18例(14.5%)、D级5例(4%)、E级18例(14.5%)。各级间年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、子宫体积、子宫长径、子宫前后径/宫颈前后径值(uterus/anterior-posterior diameter of cervix,FCR)、最大卵巢体积、子宫内膜厚度、阴道壁厚度、≥4 mm卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、乳芽直径及乳芽体积均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者中ICPP 16例,PT 38例,2组间年龄、子宫体积、子宫长径、子宫内膜厚度、最大卵巢体积、≥4 mm卵泡数、最大卵泡直径、乳芽直径及乳芽体积差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI、FCR值及阴道壁厚度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。16例ICPP受试者乳腺超声分级为:A级1例(6.3%),B级13例(81.2%),C级2例(12.5%)。38例PT受试者乳腺超声分级为:A级18例(47.4%),B级18例(47.4%),C级2例(5.2%),组间乳腺超声分级差异有统计学(P<0.05)。结论乳腺超声分级可用于评估女童青春期发育。乳腺、盆腔超声和乳腺超声分级对于女童ICPP和PT间均有一定诊断及鉴别诊断价值。
文摘Human leptin expressed by \%E.coli\% had been used to treat human obesity in American and scientists had achieved good effects, the researchers here wanted to know whether human leptin can be expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic animas. In this study, human leptin gene about 1.0kb, the terminator of rabbit whey acid protein gene (rWAP) about 0.2kb and the promoter including the distal upstream region and part of the first exon of rWAP gene about 6.3kb were used to construct a expression vector. Before we did the subclonings, the sequences of the human leptin gene were sequenced by ABI377 DNA Sequencer, the results showed that the fragment of human leptin gene included the last nine base pairs of the first exon, the complete sequences of the second exon(172bp) and parts of the third exon(including part of the encoding sequences and part of the 3′ untranslated region). The final expression vector was digested with \%Not\%I and a fragment of 7.5kb was collected and dissolved in TE(10 mmol/L Tris\5Cl,pH7.4;0.1mmol/L EDTA) for later microinjection. The concentration of DNA was about 2μg/mL, the copy number in 1mL was about 2.4×10 11 , every 1 to 2pL of the prepared DNA solution was microinjected into the mouse embryos at pronucleus stage. After standard microinjection procedures, 48 live mice were obtained. The tails of the mice were cut(about 0.1g) at four weeks of age, genomic DNA was extracted and digested completely with \%Eco\%RI, two were confirmed to be transgenic mice(both were female) by Southern hybridization using DIG labeled human leptin gene as probe, transgenic rate among the mice born was about 4% (2/48). The two female transgenic mice(2\+# and C\-3) were mated with nontransgenic male mice. The two founder transgenic mice were segregated with their baby mice for at least three hours at the fifth day after parturition and were milked by intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 IU of oxytocin and udder massage. SDS\|PAGE was used to analyze whether there were expression of human leptin in the milk of
基金Supported by Shenyang Science and Technology Plan(No.F14-199-4-00)Natural Science foundation of Liaoning Province(No.L20170540629)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403396)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effects of Lubeikangru formula(LF) on hyperplasia of the mammary glands(HMG) induced by estrogen and progesterone in mice.METHODS: Female mice were divided randomly into five groups: normal, model, tamoxifen(3 mg/kg),Rupixiao(900 mg/kg) and LF(900 mg/kg). All mice except those in the normal group were treated sequentially with estradiol and progesterone to induce HMG. From the tenth day of induction, mice in normal and model groups received distilled water and mice in the other groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day, for 30 d.At the end of treatment, the mammary glands, ovaries, hypothalamus, and serum was collected for whole-mount and hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs), or western blotting.RESULTS: Whole-mount and HE staining of mammary glands showed that LF rescued(at least in part) the hyperplasic morphology of the mammary glands, and the number of branch points decreased after LF treatment(P < 0.05). ELISAs revealed that levels of estrogen and progesterone were decreased following LF treatment, whereas levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were increased in serum and tissues. Western blotting confirmed that LF treatment led to a reduction in expression of phosphorylated(p)-Erk, p-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase. LF was also confirmed to be safe by acute-toxicity tests.CONCLUSION: LF can protect the mammary glands of mice from estrogen-and progesterone-induced hyperplasia by adjusting hormone levels and regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
