Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwe...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice.In addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in vitro.Results:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased.However,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration.In vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells.Conclusions:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.展开更多
AIM: With the availability of a minimally invasive approach, anti-reflux surgery has recently experienced a renaissance as a cost-effective alternative to life-long medical treatment in patients with gastroesophageal ...AIM: With the availability of a minimally invasive approach, anti-reflux surgery has recently experienced a renaissance as a cost-effective alternative to life-long medical treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We are not aware of the fact whether reflux episodes causing complaints for a long time i.e., at least for one year are associated with metabolic changes in the lower esophageal sphincter, and if so, whether these may influence functional results achieved after anti-reflux surgery. METHODS: Between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2002 we performed anti-reflux surgery on 79 patients. Muscle samples were taken from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 33 patients during anti-reflux surgery. Inclusion criteria were: LES resting pressure below 10 mmHg and a marked, pH proven acid exposure to the esophagus of at least one year's duration, causing subjective complaints and requiring continuous proton pump inhibitor treatment. Control samples were obtained from muscle tissue in the gastroesophageal junction that had been removed from 17 patients undergoing gastric or esophageal resection. Metabolic and lysosomal enzyme activities and special protein concentrations 16 parameters in total were evaluated in tissue taken from control specimens and tissue taken from patients with GERD. The biochemical parameters of these intra-operative biopsies were used to correlate the results of anti-reflux operations (Visick Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ). RESULTS: In the reflux-type muscle, we found a significant increase of the energy-enzyme activities e.g., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransaminase-. The concentration of the structural protein S-100 and the myofibrillar protein troponin Ⅰ were also significantly increased. Among lysosomal enzymes, we found that the activities of cathepsin B, tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ, dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅱ, β-hexosaminidase B, β-mannosidase and β-galactosidase were significantly decreased as compared to th展开更多
AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE...AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE）. METHODS： Between February 1, 1997 and February 1, 2000, we obtained tissue samples at the moment of resection from 54 patients for biochemical analysis. The full set of data could be comprehensively analyzed in 47 of 54 patients＇ samples （81%）. Of these, 29 were adenocarcinomas of the GEJ Siewert type Ⅰ （n = 8）, type Ⅱ （n = 12）, type Ⅲ （n = 9）, and 18 presented as squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE. We evaluated the mean values of 11-lysosomal enzyme and 1-cytosol protease activities of the tumorous and surrounding mucosae as well as their relative activities, measured as the ratio of activity in tumor and normal tissues from the same patient. These data were further analyzed to establish the correlation with tumor localization, TNM stage （lymph-node involvement）, histological type （papillary, signet-ring cell, tubular）, state of differentiation （good, moderate, poor）, and survival （≤24 or ≥24 mo）. RESULTS： In adenocarcinomas, the activity of α-mannosidase （AMAN）, cathepsin B （CB） and dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ （DPP Ⅰ） increased significantly as compared to the normal gastric mucosa. In squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, we also found a significant difference in the activity of cathepsin L and tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ in addition to these three. There was a statistical correlation of AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ activity between the level of differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the GEJ and lymph node involvement,because tumors with no lymph node metastases histologically confirmed as well-differentiated, showed a significantly lower activity. The differences in CB and DPP Ⅰ activity correlated well with the differences in survival rates, since the CB and DPP Ⅰ values of those who died within 24 mo following surgical interve展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice.In addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in vitro.Results:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased.However,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration.In vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells.Conclusions:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.
文摘AIM: With the availability of a minimally invasive approach, anti-reflux surgery has recently experienced a renaissance as a cost-effective alternative to life-long medical treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We are not aware of the fact whether reflux episodes causing complaints for a long time i.e., at least for one year are associated with metabolic changes in the lower esophageal sphincter, and if so, whether these may influence functional results achieved after anti-reflux surgery. METHODS: Between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2002 we performed anti-reflux surgery on 79 patients. Muscle samples were taken from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 33 patients during anti-reflux surgery. Inclusion criteria were: LES resting pressure below 10 mmHg and a marked, pH proven acid exposure to the esophagus of at least one year's duration, causing subjective complaints and requiring continuous proton pump inhibitor treatment. Control samples were obtained from muscle tissue in the gastroesophageal junction that had been removed from 17 patients undergoing gastric or esophageal resection. Metabolic and lysosomal enzyme activities and special protein concentrations 16 parameters in total were evaluated in tissue taken from control specimens and tissue taken from patients with GERD. The biochemical parameters of these intra-operative biopsies were used to correlate the results of anti-reflux operations (Visick Ⅰ and Ⅱ-Ⅲ). RESULTS: In the reflux-type muscle, we found a significant increase of the energy-enzyme activities e.g., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransaminase-. The concentration of the structural protein S-100 and the myofibrillar protein troponin Ⅰ were also significantly increased. Among lysosomal enzymes, we found that the activities of cathepsin B, tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ, dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅱ, β-hexosaminidase B, β-mannosidase and β-galactosidase were significantly decreased as compared to th
文摘AIM： To establish whether there are fundamental differences in the biochemistries of adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction （GEJ） and the squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third of the esophagus （LTE）. METHODS： Between February 1, 1997 and February 1, 2000, we obtained tissue samples at the moment of resection from 54 patients for biochemical analysis. The full set of data could be comprehensively analyzed in 47 of 54 patients＇ samples （81%）. Of these, 29 were adenocarcinomas of the GEJ Siewert type Ⅰ （n = 8）, type Ⅱ （n = 12）, type Ⅲ （n = 9）, and 18 presented as squamous cell carcinomas of the LTE. We evaluated the mean values of 11-lysosomal enzyme and 1-cytosol protease activities of the tumorous and surrounding mucosae as well as their relative activities, measured as the ratio of activity in tumor and normal tissues from the same patient. These data were further analyzed to establish the correlation with tumor localization, TNM stage （lymph-node involvement）, histological type （papillary, signet-ring cell, tubular）, state of differentiation （good, moderate, poor）, and survival （≤24 or ≥24 mo）. RESULTS： In adenocarcinomas, the activity of α-mannosidase （AMAN）, cathepsin B （CB） and dipeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ （DPP Ⅰ） increased significantly as compared to the normal gastric mucosa. In squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, we also found a significant difference in the activity of cathepsin L and tripeptidyl-peptidase Ⅰ in addition to these three. There was a statistical correlation of AMAN, CB, and DPP Ⅰ activity between the level of differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the GEJ and lymph node involvement,because tumors with no lymph node metastases histologically confirmed as well-differentiated, showed a significantly lower activity. The differences in CB and DPP Ⅰ activity correlated well with the differences in survival rates, since the CB and DPP Ⅰ values of those who died within 24 mo following surgical interve
