Two parallel membrane bioreactors （MBRs） were operated under different calcium dosages （168.5, 27 mg/L） to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results ...Two parallel membrane bioreactors （MBRs） were operated under different calcium dosages （168.5, 27 mg/L） to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results showed that the particle size of sludge flocs increased and the particle size distribution tended to be narrow at the optimum dosage （168.5 mg/L）. Calcium was effective in decreasing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances （LB-EPS） in microbial flocs and soluble microbial products （SMP） in the supernatant at the dosage of 168.5 mg/L by strengthening the neutralization and bridging of EPS with flocs. Furthermore, the amount of CODs and CODc decreased in both the mixed liquor and the fouling cake layer on the membrane surface. In order to compare the filtration characteristics of cake layers from the MBRs with the two calcium dosages, the specific cake resistance and the compressibility coefficient were measured. The specific cake resistance from the MBR with optimum dosage （168.5 mg/L） was distinctly lower than that with low dosage （27 mg/L）. The compressibility coefficient of the cake layers under two dosages were respectively attained as 0.65, 0.91. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope analysis （CLSM） images were utilized to observe the gel layer directly.展开更多
Objective： To compare differences of acupotomy loosing combined with medication treatment, electroacupuncture combined with medication treatment and simple medication treatment in effects on rheumatoid arthritis pati...Objective： To compare differences of acupotomy loosing combined with medication treatment, electroacupuncture combined with medication treatment and simple medication treatment in effects on rheumatoid arthritis patients with elbow joint stiffness and investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the acupotomy loosing.Methods： A total of 60 cases of rheumatoid arthritis（RA） patients with elbow joint stiffness were randomly assigned into the group receiving acupotomy loosing（group A）, group with electroacupuncture（group B） and the one undergoing medication treatment（group C） with 20 cases for each group. Based on the medication treatment, all patients underwent continuous oral administration with Methotrexate（MTX）, Leflunomide（LEF） and Bitongding capsules for 3 weeks. And no other treatments were given to group C. In addition to medications treatment, the electroacupuncture was performed in group B. The acupoints of Tianzhu（天柱 BL 10）,DAzhui（大椎 GV 14）; Fengchi（风池 GB 20）,Quchi（曲池 LI 11）,Quze（曲泽 PC 3）,Chize（尺泽 LU 5）, Shousanli（手三里 LI 10）, Xiaohai（小海 SI 8）, Shaohai（少海 HT 3）, Tianjing（天井 TE 10）,Qinglengyuan（清冷渊 TE 11） and Hegu（合谷 LI 4） in the affected side were selected. A pair of electrodes were connected to LI 11 and LI 10, and another pair of electrodes were connected to PC 3 and LU 5, and the continuous wave with frequency of 2 Hz was designed, the needle retention for 30 min was performed, and the acupuncture was performed for 6 times per week with 3 weeks for one course,and there was one course totally. Besides the medication treatment, group A underwent the acupotomy loosing therapy. The tender point in lateral elbow joint, etc. were taken as the treatment point, and 6-8 treatment points being taken for each time, and longitudinal dredging and transverse exfoliation were conducted for 2-3 times with the acupotomy. The treatment was given for one time per week with three weeks for one c展开更多
Primary idiopathic intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual disease featured by the presence of dilated lymphatic channels which are located in the mucosa, submucosa or subserosa leading to protein loosing enteropath...Primary idiopathic intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual disease featured by the presence of dilated lymphatic channels which are located in the mucosa, submucosa or subserosa leading to protein loosing enteropathy.Most often affected were children and generally diagnosed before third year of life but may be rarely seen in adults too. Bilateral pitting oedema of lower limb is the main clinical manifestation mimicking the systemic disease and posing a real diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians to differentiate it from other common systemic diseases like Congestive cardiac failure, Nephrotic Syndrome, Protein Energy Malnutrition, etc. Diagnosis can be made on capsule endoscopy which can localise the lesion but unable to take biopsy samples. Thus, recently double-balloon enteroscopy and biopsy in combination can be used as an effective diagnostic tool to hit the correct diagnosis. Patients respond dramatically to diet constituting low long chain triglycerides and high protein content with supplements of medium chain triglyceride. So early diagnosis is important to prevent untoward complications related to disease or treatment for the sake of accurate pathological diagnosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578024)
文摘Two parallel membrane bioreactors （MBRs） were operated under different calcium dosages （168.5, 27 mg/L） to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of retarding membrane fouling by adding calcium. The results showed that the particle size of sludge flocs increased and the particle size distribution tended to be narrow at the optimum dosage （168.5 mg/L）. Calcium was effective in decreasing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances （LB-EPS） in microbial flocs and soluble microbial products （SMP） in the supernatant at the dosage of 168.5 mg/L by strengthening the neutralization and bridging of EPS with flocs. Furthermore, the amount of CODs and CODc decreased in both the mixed liquor and the fouling cake layer on the membrane surface. In order to compare the filtration characteristics of cake layers from the MBRs with the two calcium dosages, the specific cake resistance and the compressibility coefficient were measured. The specific cake resistance from the MBR with optimum dosage （168.5 mg/L） was distinctly lower than that with low dosage （27 mg/L）. The compressibility coefficient of the cake layers under two dosages were respectively attained as 0.65, 0.91. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and three-dimensional confocal scanning laser microscope analysis （CLSM） images were utilized to observe the gel layer directly.
基金Supported by 2014 Wuhan clinical medical research project:WZ14C01~~
文摘Objective： To compare differences of acupotomy loosing combined with medication treatment, electroacupuncture combined with medication treatment and simple medication treatment in effects on rheumatoid arthritis patients with elbow joint stiffness and investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of the acupotomy loosing.Methods： A total of 60 cases of rheumatoid arthritis（RA） patients with elbow joint stiffness were randomly assigned into the group receiving acupotomy loosing（group A）, group with electroacupuncture（group B） and the one undergoing medication treatment（group C） with 20 cases for each group. Based on the medication treatment, all patients underwent continuous oral administration with Methotrexate（MTX）, Leflunomide（LEF） and Bitongding capsules for 3 weeks. And no other treatments were given to group C. In addition to medications treatment, the electroacupuncture was performed in group B. The acupoints of Tianzhu（天柱 BL 10）,DAzhui（大椎 GV 14）; Fengchi（风池 GB 20）,Quchi（曲池 LI 11）,Quze（曲泽 PC 3）,Chize（尺泽 LU 5）, Shousanli（手三里 LI 10）, Xiaohai（小海 SI 8）, Shaohai（少海 HT 3）, Tianjing（天井 TE 10）,Qinglengyuan（清冷渊 TE 11） and Hegu（合谷 LI 4） in the affected side were selected. A pair of electrodes were connected to LI 11 and LI 10, and another pair of electrodes were connected to PC 3 and LU 5, and the continuous wave with frequency of 2 Hz was designed, the needle retention for 30 min was performed, and the acupuncture was performed for 6 times per week with 3 weeks for one course,and there was one course totally. Besides the medication treatment, group A underwent the acupotomy loosing therapy. The tender point in lateral elbow joint, etc. were taken as the treatment point, and 6-8 treatment points being taken for each time, and longitudinal dredging and transverse exfoliation were conducted for 2-3 times with the acupotomy. The treatment was given for one time per week with three weeks for one c
文摘Primary idiopathic intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual disease featured by the presence of dilated lymphatic channels which are located in the mucosa, submucosa or subserosa leading to protein loosing enteropathy.Most often affected were children and generally diagnosed before third year of life but may be rarely seen in adults too. Bilateral pitting oedema of lower limb is the main clinical manifestation mimicking the systemic disease and posing a real diagnostic dilemma to the clinicians to differentiate it from other common systemic diseases like Congestive cardiac failure, Nephrotic Syndrome, Protein Energy Malnutrition, etc. Diagnosis can be made on capsule endoscopy which can localise the lesion but unable to take biopsy samples. Thus, recently double-balloon enteroscopy and biopsy in combination can be used as an effective diagnostic tool to hit the correct diagnosis. Patients respond dramatically to diet constituting low long chain triglycerides and high protein content with supplements of medium chain triglyceride. So early diagnosis is important to prevent untoward complications related to disease or treatment for the sake of accurate pathological diagnosis.
