Hydroxysafflor yellow A （HSYA） has angiogenesis- regulating and neuro-protective effects, but its effects on vascular dementia （VaD） are unknown. In this study, 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were. randomly allocate...Hydroxysafflor yellow A （HSYA） has angiogenesis- regulating and neuro-protective effects, but its effects on vascular dementia （VaD） are unknown. In this study, 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were. randomly allocated to five groups： normal, sham-operation, VaD alone （bilateral carotid artery occlusion）, VaD plus saline （control）, and VaD plus HSYA. One week after operation, the HSYA group received one daily tail-vein injection of 0.6 mg/100 g HSYA for two weeks. Five weeks after operation, the spatial memory of all five groups was evaluated by the water maze task, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus was assessed by the long-term potentiation （LTP） method. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and N-methyi-D- aspartic acid receptor 1 （NR1） expression in the hippocampus was detected via Western blot. We found that, compared with the group with VaD alone, the group with HSYA had a reduced escape latency in the water maze （P 〈0.05）, and the LTP at CA3- CA1 synapses in the hippocampus was enhanced （P 〈0.05）. Western blot in the late-phase VaD group showed slight up-regulation of VEGF and down- regulation of NR1 in the hippocampus, while HSYA significantly up-regulated both VEGF and NRI. These results suggested that HSYA promotes angiogenesis and increases synaptic plasticity, thus improving spatial learning and memory in the rat model of VaD.展开更多
The rhizome of Gastrodia elata(GE), a herb medicine, has been used for treatment of neuronal disorders in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Parishin C is a major ingredient of GE. In this study, the i.c.v. injection...The rhizome of Gastrodia elata(GE), a herb medicine, has been used for treatment of neuronal disorders in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Parishin C is a major ingredient of GE. In this study, the i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers model of LTP injury was used. We investigated the effects of parishin C on the improvement of LTP in soluble Aβ1–42oligomer–injected rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms. Parishin C(i.p. or i.c.v.) significantly ameliorated LTP impairment induced by i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. In cultured hippocampal neurons,soluble Aβ1–42oligomers significantly inhibited NMDAR currents while not affecting AMPAR currents and voltage-dependent currents. Pretreatment with parishin C protected NMDA receptor currents from the damage induced by Aβ. In summary, parishin C improved LTP deficits induced by soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. The protection by parishin C against Aβ-induced LTP damage might be related to NMDA receptors.展开更多
The frequency range of electroacupuncture in treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease in rats is commonly 2-5 Hz（low frequency） and 50-100 Hz（high frequency）. We established a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease by injecti...The frequency range of electroacupuncture in treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease in rats is commonly 2-5 Hz（low frequency） and 50-100 Hz（high frequency）. We established a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease by injecting β-amyloid 1-42（Aβ1-42） into the bilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus to verify which frequency may be better suited in treatment. Electroacupuncture at 2 Hz or 50 Hz was used to stimulate Baihui（DU20） and Shenshu（BL23） acupoints. The water maze test and electrophysiological studies demonstrated that spatial memory ability was apparently improved, and the ranges of long-term potentiation and long-term depression were increased in Alzheimer＇s disease rats after electroacupuncture treatment. Moreover, the effects of electroacupuncture at 50 Hz were better than that at 2 Hz. These findings suggest that high-frequency electroacupuncture may enhance hippocampal synaptic transmission and potentially improve memory disorders in Alzheimer＇s disease rats.展开更多
With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation(LTP) to synaptic plasticity,the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate recept...With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation(LTP) to synaptic plasticity,the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied.Some molecules,such as Ca^(2+),postsynaptic density 95(PSD-95),calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(Ca MK II),protein kinase A(PKA),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) responsive element binding protein(CREB),are of special importance in learning and memory.This review mainly focused on the new research of key molecules connected with learning and memory,which played important roles in the NMDAR signaling pathway.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Colleges and Universities of Tianjin Municipality, China (20110116)
文摘Hydroxysafflor yellow A （HSYA） has angiogenesis- regulating and neuro-protective effects, but its effects on vascular dementia （VaD） are unknown. In this study, 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were. randomly allocated to five groups： normal, sham-operation, VaD alone （bilateral carotid artery occlusion）, VaD plus saline （control）, and VaD plus HSYA. One week after operation, the HSYA group received one daily tail-vein injection of 0.6 mg/100 g HSYA for two weeks. Five weeks after operation, the spatial memory of all five groups was evaluated by the water maze task, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus was assessed by the long-term potentiation （LTP） method. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and N-methyi-D- aspartic acid receptor 1 （NR1） expression in the hippocampus was detected via Western blot. We found that, compared with the group with VaD alone, the group with HSYA had a reduced escape latency in the water maze （P 〈0.05）, and the LTP at CA3- CA1 synapses in the hippocampus was enhanced （P 〈0.05）. Western blot in the late-phase VaD group showed slight up-regulation of VEGF and down- regulation of NR1 in the hippocampus, while HSYA significantly up-regulated both VEGF and NRI. These results suggested that HSYA promotes angiogenesis and increases synaptic plasticity, thus improving spatial learning and memory in the rat model of VaD.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81373387)National Major Special Project on New Drug Innovation of China(No.2012ZX09301002-004)
文摘The rhizome of Gastrodia elata(GE), a herb medicine, has been used for treatment of neuronal disorders in Eastern Asia for hundreds of years. Parishin C is a major ingredient of GE. In this study, the i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers model of LTP injury was used. We investigated the effects of parishin C on the improvement of LTP in soluble Aβ1–42oligomer–injected rats and the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms. Parishin C(i.p. or i.c.v.) significantly ameliorated LTP impairment induced by i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. In cultured hippocampal neurons,soluble Aβ1–42oligomers significantly inhibited NMDAR currents while not affecting AMPAR currents and voltage-dependent currents. Pretreatment with parishin C protected NMDA receptor currents from the damage induced by Aβ. In summary, parishin C improved LTP deficits induced by soluble Aβ1–42oligomers. The protection by parishin C against Aβ-induced LTP damage might be related to NMDA receptors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373741
文摘The frequency range of electroacupuncture in treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease in rats is commonly 2-5 Hz（low frequency） and 50-100 Hz（high frequency）. We established a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease by injecting β-amyloid 1-42（Aβ1-42） into the bilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus to verify which frequency may be better suited in treatment. Electroacupuncture at 2 Hz or 50 Hz was used to stimulate Baihui（DU20） and Shenshu（BL23） acupoints. The water maze test and electrophysiological studies demonstrated that spatial memory ability was apparently improved, and the ranges of long-term potentiation and long-term depression were increased in Alzheimer＇s disease rats after electroacupuncture treatment. Moreover, the effects of electroacupuncture at 50 Hz were better than that at 2 Hz. These findings suggest that high-frequency electroacupuncture may enhance hippocampal synaptic transmission and potentially improve memory disorders in Alzheimer＇s disease rats.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070256 and No.30200076) CMB-SUMSScholarship (No.98-766) and a grant from Health department of Guangdong Province.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61401497)
文摘With key roles in essential brain functions ranging from the long-term potentiation(LTP) to synaptic plasticity,the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR) can be considered as one of the fundamental glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.The role of NMDA R was first identified in synaptic plasticity and has been extensively studied.Some molecules,such as Ca^(2+),postsynaptic density 95(PSD-95),calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II(Ca MK II),protein kinase A(PKA),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(c AMP) responsive element binding protein(CREB),are of special importance in learning and memory.This review mainly focused on the new research of key molecules connected with learning and memory,which played important roles in the NMDAR signaling pathway.
