A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive c...A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.展开更多
Meteorological conditions associated with intense rainfall and great floods over mid- and lower reaches of Yangtze River are studied by analyzing the large-, synoptic-and meso-a-scale circulation systems for 1991, 199...Meteorological conditions associated with intense rainfall and great floods over mid- and lower reaches of Yangtze River are studied by analyzing the large-, synoptic-and meso-a-scale circulation systems for 1991, 1996 and 1998. It is found that the advance and retreat of subtropical high over the West Pacific, the monsoon moisture surge from the South China Sea, cold air outbreak over mid- and high-latitudes, and the meso-α scale systems (250-2500 km) from the Tibetan Pleateau as well, are responsible for intense rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley. The persistent and heavy rains and great floods over the Yangtze River Valley occurred when all these four systems are synergetic or in phase lock.展开更多
基金supported jointly by the NOAA Arctic Research,CAS Project ZKCX2-SW-210the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40275025)
文摘A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Program (Grant Nos. G1998040908 (part 1) G1998040900 (part 2)) the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-203).
文摘Meteorological conditions associated with intense rainfall and great floods over mid- and lower reaches of Yangtze River are studied by analyzing the large-, synoptic-and meso-a-scale circulation systems for 1991, 1996 and 1998. It is found that the advance and retreat of subtropical high over the West Pacific, the monsoon moisture surge from the South China Sea, cold air outbreak over mid- and high-latitudes, and the meso-α scale systems (250-2500 km) from the Tibetan Pleateau as well, are responsible for intense rainfall over the Yangtze River Valley. The persistent and heavy rains and great floods over the Yangtze River Valley occurred when all these four systems are synergetic or in phase lock.
