The ＇abnormally＇ high electrical conductivity ofpure water was recently studied by us using our protonic bond, trap and energy band model, with five host particles： the positive and negative protons, and the amphot...The ＇abnormally＇ high electrical conductivity ofpure water was recently studied by us using our protonic bond, trap and energy band model, with five host particles： the positive and negative protons, and the amphoteric protonic trap in three charge states, positive, neutral and negative. Our second report described the electrical charge storage capacitance of pure and impure water. This third report presents the theory of particle density and electrical conductance of pure and impure water, including the impuritons, which consist of an impurity ion bonded to a proton, proton-hole or proton trap and which significantly affect impure waters＇ properties.展开更多
Engineering characterization of water has produced huge varieties of materials with special properties to meet human needs. Equilibrium properties of water-based liquids are well understood via localized atomic and mo...Engineering characterization of water has produced huge varieties of materials with special properties to meet human needs. Equilibrium properties of water-based liquids are well understood via localized atomic and molecular orbital theories. However, the mechanism of electrical conductivity of pure water has proven elusive. We show here it is trapping limited drift of positive and negative quasi-protons （or protons and proton-vacancies） on the extended water lattice, which is accounted for by the long-range correlation inherent in the Fermion （electrons and protons） and Boson （phonons） energy band theory of quasi-particles in solids, with vigorous adherence to equilibrium and nonequilibrium states.展开更多
More than 80 years of theories and experiments on water suggested to us, described in our first water-physics report, that pure water＇s ＂abnormally＂ high electrical conductivity is due to transport of positive and ...More than 80 years of theories and experiments on water suggested to us, described in our first water-physics report, that pure water＇s ＂abnormally＂ high electrical conductivity is due to transport of positive and negative quasi-protons, p＋ and p-, between the neutral proton traps V （H20） in the extended water, [（H20）N]＋, converting it respectively to positively and negatively charged proton traps, V＋ = （H30）1＋ and V- = （HO）1-. In this second report, we present the theoretical charge control capacitances of pure and impure water as a function of the DC electric potential applied to water.展开更多
A mesoporous titania photocatalyst was prepared via calcining the solution of ionic liquid （1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium bromide, [BMIM]Br） containing tetrabutyl titanate （TBT） and starch. The microstructure of th...A mesoporous titania photocatalyst was prepared via calcining the solution of ionic liquid （1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium bromide, [BMIM]Br） containing tetrabutyl titanate （TBT） and starch. The microstructure of the prepared mesoporous titania was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The results indicate that the resulting mesoporous titania has a grain size of about 13.9 nm, a special surface area of 106 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.22 cm3/g, and the pore size can be adjusted by the concentration of starch in ionic liquid. The photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titania in the degradation of methyl orange solution was determined. The effect of the specific surface area of mesoporous titania on the photocatalytic activity was also studied. The prepared mesoporous titania exhibits a high catalytic activity.展开更多
文摘The ＇abnormally＇ high electrical conductivity ofpure water was recently studied by us using our protonic bond, trap and energy band model, with five host particles： the positive and negative protons, and the amphoteric protonic trap in three charge states, positive, neutral and negative. Our second report described the electrical charge storage capacitance of pure and impure water. This third report presents the theory of particle density and electrical conductance of pure and impure water, including the impuritons, which consist of an impurity ion bonded to a proton, proton-hole or proton trap and which significantly affect impure waters＇ properties.
文摘Engineering characterization of water has produced huge varieties of materials with special properties to meet human needs. Equilibrium properties of water-based liquids are well understood via localized atomic and molecular orbital theories. However, the mechanism of electrical conductivity of pure water has proven elusive. We show here it is trapping limited drift of positive and negative quasi-protons （or protons and proton-vacancies） on the extended water lattice, which is accounted for by the long-range correlation inherent in the Fermion （electrons and protons） and Boson （phonons） energy band theory of quasi-particles in solids, with vigorous adherence to equilibrium and nonequilibrium states.
基金supported by the Xiamen Universitysupported by the CTSAH Associates which was founded by the late Linda Su-nan Chang Sa
文摘More than 80 years of theories and experiments on water suggested to us, described in our first water-physics report, that pure water＇s ＂abnormally＂ high electrical conductivity is due to transport of positive and negative quasi-protons, p＋ and p-, between the neutral proton traps V （H20） in the extended water, [（H20）N]＋, converting it respectively to positively and negatively charged proton traps, V＋ = （H30）1＋ and V- = （HO）1-. In this second report, we present the theoretical charge control capacitances of pure and impure water as a function of the DC electric potential applied to water.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 7301526) the Youth Science Foundation of Hanshan Normal University (No. 413811)
文摘A mesoporous titania photocatalyst was prepared via calcining the solution of ionic liquid （1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium bromide, [BMIM]Br） containing tetrabutyl titanate （TBT） and starch. The microstructure of the prepared mesoporous titania was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The results indicate that the resulting mesoporous titania has a grain size of about 13.9 nm, a special surface area of 106 m2/g, and a pore volume of 0.22 cm3/g, and the pore size can be adjusted by the concentration of starch in ionic liquid. The photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titania in the degradation of methyl orange solution was determined. The effect of the specific surface area of mesoporous titania on the photocatalytic activity was also studied. The prepared mesoporous titania exhibits a high catalytic activity.
