The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves t...The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).展开更多
With four kinds of mobile phases, methanol water, ethanol water, 2 propanol and acetonitrile water (all containing 0 1% triflu roacetic acid), the displacement between solute and solvent in RPLC was proved to be...With four kinds of mobile phases, methanol water, ethanol water, 2 propanol and acetonitrile water (all containing 0 1% triflu roacetic acid), the displacement between solute and solvent in RPLC was proved to be universal in frontal analysis (FA). Based on the measured Z value in usual RPLC to be a constant and the quantitative determination of methanol increment in mobile phase in FA, the stoichiometric displacement (SD) between insulin and methanol was directly proved by the experiment. The SD was also proved to occur only on about the one fourth of the maximum amount of adsorbed methanol in the bonded phase layer (BPL) without any dynamic problem of mass transfer, while in FA, the SD firstly occurs on the surface of the BPL and then gradually sinks into the deeper sites companied with a dynamic problem. Although the displaced solvent by the same solute is less in the former case, the SD is independent of how deep of the solute enters the BPL. In addition, the adsorbed amount of solute on an adsorbent not only depends on the numbers of the adsorbed layer on the adsorbent surface, but also on the extent of the complete removal of the displaceable solvent in the BPL. The physical fundamental of the SD and the methodology for investigation were also discussed.展开更多
In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artifi...In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.展开更多
There is nothing illogical in the concept that hydrates are easily formed in oil and gas pipelines owing to the low-temperature and high-pressure environment,although requiring the cooperation of flow rate,water conte...There is nothing illogical in the concept that hydrates are easily formed in oil and gas pipelines owing to the low-temperature and high-pressure environment,although requiring the cooperation of flow rate,water content,gas-liquid ratio,and other specific factors.Therefore,hydrate plugging is a major concern for the hydrate slurry pipeline transportation technology.In order to further examine potential mechanisms underlying these processes,the present paper listed and analyzed the significant research efforts specializing in the mechanisms of hydrate blockages in the liquid-rich system,including oil-based,water-based,and partially dispersed systems(PD systems),in gathering and transportation pipelines.In addition,it summarized the influences of fluid flow and water content on the risk of hydrate blockage and discussed.In general,flow rate was implicated in the regulation of blockage risk through its characteristic to affect sedimentation tendencies and flow patterns.Increasing water content can potentiate the growth of hydrates and change the oil-water dispersion degree,which causes a transition from completely dispersed systems to PD systems with a higher risk of clogging.Reasons of diversity of hydrate plugging mechanism in oil-based system ought to be studied in-depth by combining the discrepancy of water content and the microscopic characteristics of hydrate particles.At present,it is increasingly necessary to expand the application of the hydrate blockage formation prediction model in order to ensure that hydrate slurry mixed transportation technology can be more maturely applied to the natural gas industry transportation field.展开更多
基金in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.30560042,81160161,81360198,and 82160255Education Department of Jiangxi Province,Nos.GJJ13198 and GJJ170021+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.20192BAB205043Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20181019 and 202210002(all to RX)。
文摘The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
文摘With four kinds of mobile phases, methanol water, ethanol water, 2 propanol and acetonitrile water (all containing 0 1% triflu roacetic acid), the displacement between solute and solvent in RPLC was proved to be universal in frontal analysis (FA). Based on the measured Z value in usual RPLC to be a constant and the quantitative determination of methanol increment in mobile phase in FA, the stoichiometric displacement (SD) between insulin and methanol was directly proved by the experiment. The SD was also proved to occur only on about the one fourth of the maximum amount of adsorbed methanol in the bonded phase layer (BPL) without any dynamic problem of mass transfer, while in FA, the SD firstly occurs on the surface of the BPL and then gradually sinks into the deeper sites companied with a dynamic problem. Although the displaced solvent by the same solute is less in the former case, the SD is independent of how deep of the solute enters the BPL. In addition, the adsorbed amount of solute on an adsorbent not only depends on the numbers of the adsorbed layer on the adsorbent surface, but also on the extent of the complete removal of the displaceable solvent in the BPL. The physical fundamental of the SD and the methodology for investigation were also discussed.
基金This study was supportedby the Ministry of Science and Technology[105-2320-B-002-031-MY3,105-2628-B-002-003-MY3].
文摘In order to improve appetite,attract consumers and even conform to the food culture,food coloring has become one of the necessary links in modern food processing.For example,dried-tofu will be colored by adding artificial food colors(AFCs)such as sunset yellow,cochineal red A or other seasonings like soy sauce.However,the dispute persists about whether AFCs are harmful to health.Some studies indicate AFCs affect children’s intelligence and attention,cause hyperactivity,and allergy when children consumed≥50 mg.In addition,researches showed that chemical soy sauce produces a trace of methylglyoxal(MGO)in the manufacturing process,which is related to diseases such as oxidative stress,diabetes,and cognitive deterioration.Therefore,natural pigments are relatively new and promising strategy for replacing high-risk AFCs.Thus,the objective of this study was to use dried-tofu as a natural colorants coloring screening platform,through the concept of three primary colors to discuss the coloring effects of natural colorants in Taiwan in double–phase(liquid phase to solid phase)food coloring system and assess the effects of MGO on PC12 neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle at the dietary exposure in soy sauce.Our results showed that formula G:R=0.2:0.8 and C:R=0.08:0.92 were coloring by combined natural colorants had the same eye sensory quality acceptance of consumer and had the intention to purchase.Furthermore,the results from the PC12 cell suggested that dietary exposure of methylglyoxal(<50M)in soy sauce did not affect neuron cellular morphology and cell cycle significantly.Overall,Gardenia Yellow,Curcumin,and Radish Red could overcome the application restrictions in multiplephase food coloring system and simultaneously soy sauce as a coloring agent was safety.It showed the possibility of them as food colorants on dried-tofu.
基金supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Liaoning Province(2019-BS-159)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Liaoning Education Department(L2019024)the Key Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(L2020002).
文摘There is nothing illogical in the concept that hydrates are easily formed in oil and gas pipelines owing to the low-temperature and high-pressure environment,although requiring the cooperation of flow rate,water content,gas-liquid ratio,and other specific factors.Therefore,hydrate plugging is a major concern for the hydrate slurry pipeline transportation technology.In order to further examine potential mechanisms underlying these processes,the present paper listed and analyzed the significant research efforts specializing in the mechanisms of hydrate blockages in the liquid-rich system,including oil-based,water-based,and partially dispersed systems(PD systems),in gathering and transportation pipelines.In addition,it summarized the influences of fluid flow and water content on the risk of hydrate blockage and discussed.In general,flow rate was implicated in the regulation of blockage risk through its characteristic to affect sedimentation tendencies and flow patterns.Increasing water content can potentiate the growth of hydrates and change the oil-water dispersion degree,which causes a transition from completely dispersed systems to PD systems with a higher risk of clogging.Reasons of diversity of hydrate plugging mechanism in oil-based system ought to be studied in-depth by combining the discrepancy of water content and the microscopic characteristics of hydrate particles.At present,it is increasingly necessary to expand the application of the hydrate blockage formation prediction model in order to ensure that hydrate slurry mixed transportation technology can be more maturely applied to the natural gas industry transportation field.
