A novel approach for improving antenna bandwidth is described using a 6-element Yagi-Uda array as an example. The new approach applies Central Force Optimization, a deterministic metaheuristic, and Variable Z0 technol...A novel approach for improving antenna bandwidth is described using a 6-element Yagi-Uda array as an example. The new approach applies Central Force Optimization, a deterministic metaheuristic, and Variable Z0 technology, a novel, proprietary design and optimization methodology, to produce an array with 33.09% fractional impedance bandwidth. This array’s performance is compared to its CFO-optimized Fixed Z0counterpart, and to the performance of a 6-ele- ment Dominating Cone Line Search-optimized array. Both CFO-optimized antennas exhibit better performance than the DCLS array, especially with respect to impedance bandwidth. Although the Yagi-Uda antenna was chosen to illustrate this new approach to antenna design and optimization, the methodology is entirely general and can be applied to any antenna against any set of performance objectives.展开更多
The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has underscored the critical role of antennas in ensuring seamless connectivity.Antenna defects,ranging from manufacturing imperfections to environmental wear...The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has underscored the critical role of antennas in ensuring seamless connectivity.Antenna defects,ranging from manufacturing imperfections to environmental wear,pose significant challenges to the reliability and performance of communication systems.This review paper navigates the landscape of antenna defect detection,emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of various defect types and the associated challenges in visual detection.This review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers,engineers,and practitioners engaged in the design and maintenance of communication systems.The insights presented here pave the way for enhanced reliability in antenna systems through targeted defect detection measures.In this study,a comprehensive literature analysis on computer vision algorithms that are employed in end-of-line visual inspection of antenna parts is presented.The PRISMA principles will be followed throughout the review,and its goals are to provide a summary of recent research,identify relevant computer vision techniques,and evaluate how effective these techniques are in discovering defects during inspections.It contains articles from scholarly journals as well as papers presented at conferences up until June 2023.This research utilized search phrases that were relevant,and papers were chosen based on whether or not they met certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.In this study,several different computer vision approaches,such as feature extraction and defect classification,are broken down and analyzed.Additionally,their applicability and performance are discussed.The review highlights the significance of utilizing a wide variety of datasets and measurement criteria.The findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge and point researchers in the direction of promising new areas of investigation,such as real-time inspection systems and multispectral imaging.This review,on its whole,offers a complete study of computer vision approac展开更多
We present an antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna based on low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC) technology. The proposed system employs a meander line patch antenna, a packaging layer, a...We present an antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna based on low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC) technology. The proposed system employs a meander line patch antenna, a packaging layer, and a laminated multi-chip module(MCM) for integration of integrated circuit(IC) bare chips.A microstrip feed line is used to reduce the interaction between patch and package. To decrease electromagnetic coupling, a via hole structure is designed and analyzed. The meander line antenna achieved a bandwidth of 220 MHz with the center frequency at 2.4 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.2 d B, and a radiation efficiency about 90% over its operational frequency. The whole system, with a small size of 20.2 mm×6.1 mm×2.6 mm, can be easily realized by a standard LTCC process. This antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna was fabricated and the experimental results agreed with simulations well.展开更多
Compact microstrip antennas have recently received much attention due to the increasing demand of small antennas for personal communication equipment. The problem of achieving a wide impedance bandwidth for compact mi...Compact microstrip antennas have recently received much attention due to the increasing demand of small antennas for personal communication equipment. The problem of achieving a wide impedance bandwidth for compact microstrip antennas is becoming an important topic in microstrip antenna design. In this paper the design and development of a 2 × 1 array of a low cost slotted microstrip line fed shorted patch antenna (MFSPA) has been presented. Both the shorted patch and microstrip line feed network have air substrate. The material cost is thus reduced to a minimum. The array consists of two adjacent patches fed, using a simple microstrip T network. The impedance bandwidth of nearly 40%, covering the bandwidth requirement of 1750 MHz band is obtained. Also the antenna exhibits dual band operation. The cross polarization radiation in H-Plane observed with a single element antenna has been reduced considerably with 2 × 1 array. A peak antenna gain of 9.2 dBi is obtained with a small variation of 0.8 dBi. From the results obtained it is clear that the antenna array studied has a low cost fabrication and is suitable for applications in DCS mobile communication base station.展开更多
The purpose of this article is to remind of the past and present problems of creating single wire electrical systems. This article presents a new one wire electrical transmission system named B-Line which uses one lin...The purpose of this article is to remind of the past and present problems of creating single wire electrical systems. This article presents a new one wire electrical transmission system named B-Line which uses one line only and does not use ground as a second line. The proposed method is to work on all frequencies and on all communication systems including DC systems. It also proposes to work on the concept of the single-pole signal source and single-pole signal load. It illustrates the possibility of cutting the cost of electrical lines and several other advantages in the fields of high frequency communication lines and antennas.展开更多
In this paper,a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure(DGS)is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna.The unit cell antenna...In this paper,a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure(DGS)is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna.The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell.However,the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here.The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side.This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane.Specific parameters of the meander line structure,the DGS shape,and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth.Finally,the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25λL×0.23λL×0.02λL,whereλL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth.The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured.Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%,from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for|S11|<−10 dB and a pick gain of 1.26 dBi is realized.In addition,the simulated and measured crosspolarization levels are both less than−15 dB in the horizontal plane.展开更多
文摘A novel approach for improving antenna bandwidth is described using a 6-element Yagi-Uda array as an example. The new approach applies Central Force Optimization, a deterministic metaheuristic, and Variable Z0 technology, a novel, proprietary design and optimization methodology, to produce an array with 33.09% fractional impedance bandwidth. This array’s performance is compared to its CFO-optimized Fixed Z0counterpart, and to the performance of a 6-ele- ment Dominating Cone Line Search-optimized array. Both CFO-optimized antennas exhibit better performance than the DCLS array, especially with respect to impedance bandwidth. Although the Yagi-Uda antenna was chosen to illustrate this new approach to antenna design and optimization, the methodology is entirely general and can be applied to any antenna against any set of performance objectives.
文摘The rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies has underscored the critical role of antennas in ensuring seamless connectivity.Antenna defects,ranging from manufacturing imperfections to environmental wear,pose significant challenges to the reliability and performance of communication systems.This review paper navigates the landscape of antenna defect detection,emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of various defect types and the associated challenges in visual detection.This review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers,engineers,and practitioners engaged in the design and maintenance of communication systems.The insights presented here pave the way for enhanced reliability in antenna systems through targeted defect detection measures.In this study,a comprehensive literature analysis on computer vision algorithms that are employed in end-of-line visual inspection of antenna parts is presented.The PRISMA principles will be followed throughout the review,and its goals are to provide a summary of recent research,identify relevant computer vision techniques,and evaluate how effective these techniques are in discovering defects during inspections.It contains articles from scholarly journals as well as papers presented at conferences up until June 2023.This research utilized search phrases that were relevant,and papers were chosen based on whether or not they met certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.In this study,several different computer vision approaches,such as feature extraction and defect classification,are broken down and analyzed.Additionally,their applicability and performance are discussed.The review highlights the significance of utilizing a wide variety of datasets and measurement criteria.The findings of this study add to the existing body of knowledge and point researchers in the direction of promising new areas of investigation,such as real-time inspection systems and multispectral imaging.This review,on its whole,offers a complete study of computer vision approac
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61574106 and 61334003)the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of China(No.9140A23060115DZ01062)the Key Science and Technology Special Pro ject of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2015KTCQ01-5)
文摘We present an antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna based on low temperature co-fired ceramic(LTCC) technology. The proposed system employs a meander line patch antenna, a packaging layer, and a laminated multi-chip module(MCM) for integration of integrated circuit(IC) bare chips.A microstrip feed line is used to reduce the interaction between patch and package. To decrease electromagnetic coupling, a via hole structure is designed and analyzed. The meander line antenna achieved a bandwidth of 220 MHz with the center frequency at 2.4 GHz, a maximum gain of 2.2 d B, and a radiation efficiency about 90% over its operational frequency. The whole system, with a small size of 20.2 mm×6.1 mm×2.6 mm, can be easily realized by a standard LTCC process. This antenna-in-package system integrated with a meander line antenna was fabricated and the experimental results agreed with simulations well.
文摘Compact microstrip antennas have recently received much attention due to the increasing demand of small antennas for personal communication equipment. The problem of achieving a wide impedance bandwidth for compact microstrip antennas is becoming an important topic in microstrip antenna design. In this paper the design and development of a 2 × 1 array of a low cost slotted microstrip line fed shorted patch antenna (MFSPA) has been presented. Both the shorted patch and microstrip line feed network have air substrate. The material cost is thus reduced to a minimum. The array consists of two adjacent patches fed, using a simple microstrip T network. The impedance bandwidth of nearly 40%, covering the bandwidth requirement of 1750 MHz band is obtained. Also the antenna exhibits dual band operation. The cross polarization radiation in H-Plane observed with a single element antenna has been reduced considerably with 2 × 1 array. A peak antenna gain of 9.2 dBi is obtained with a small variation of 0.8 dBi. From the results obtained it is clear that the antenna array studied has a low cost fabrication and is suitable for applications in DCS mobile communication base station.
文摘The purpose of this article is to remind of the past and present problems of creating single wire electrical systems. This article presents a new one wire electrical transmission system named B-Line which uses one line only and does not use ground as a second line. The proposed method is to work on all frequencies and on all communication systems including DC systems. It also proposes to work on the concept of the single-pole signal source and single-pole signal load. It illustrates the possibility of cutting the cost of electrical lines and several other advantages in the fields of high frequency communication lines and antennas.
文摘In this paper,a unit cell of a single-negative metamaterial structure loaded with a meander line and defected ground structure(DGS)is investigated as the principle radiating element of an antenna.The unit cell antenna causes even or odd mode resonances similar to the unit cell structure depending on the orientation of the microstrip feed used to excite the unit cell.However,the orientation which gives low-frequency resonance is considered here.The unit cell antenna is then loaded with a meander line which is parallel to the split bearing side and connects the other two sides orthogonal to the split bearing side.This modified structure excites another mode of resonance at high frequency when a meander line defect is loaded on the metallic ground plane.Specific parameters of the meander line structure,the DGS shape,and the unit cell are optimized to place these two resonances at different frequencies with proper frequency intervals to enhance the bandwidth.Finally,the feed is placed in an offset position for better impedance matching without affecting the bandwidth The compact dimension of the antenna is 0.25λL×0.23λL×0.02λL,whereλL is the free space wavelength with respect to the center frequency of the impedance bandwidth.The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured.Experimental results reveal that the modified design gives monopole like radiation patterns which achieves a fractional operating bandwidth of 26.6%,from 3.26 to 4.26 GHz for|S11|<−10 dB and a pick gain of 1.26 dBi is realized.In addition,the simulated and measured crosspolarization levels are both less than−15 dB in the horizontal plane.
