The optimal surgical strategy for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy （CSM） has not been defined, and few comparative researches between hybrid decompression and multilevel corpectorny have been conducted. He...The optimal surgical strategy for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy （CSM） has not been defined, and few comparative researches between hybrid decompression and multilevel corpectorny have been conducted. Here, we reported 28 patients of three-level CSM, of whom 12 underwent hybrid decompression and 16 two-level corpectomy, with each type of procedure chosen according to radiologic characteristics of those patients. Clinical and radiologic parameters of both groups showed various degrees of improvement. However, no statistically significant differences in Japanese Orthopedic Association （JOA） score improvement rate, graft fusion rate, post-operative neck disability index （NDI） or segmental lordosis between the two groups were found. We conclude that both hybrid decompression and two-level corpectomy could obtain satisfying clinical efficacy in the management of three-level CSM for appropriate patients.展开更多
In the light of user-side energy power control requirements, a power control strategy for a household-level EPR based on HES droop control is proposed, focusing on the on-grid, off-grid and seamless switching process....In the light of user-side energy power control requirements, a power control strategy for a household-level EPR based on HES droop control is proposed, focusing on the on-grid, off-grid and seamless switching process. The system operating states are divided based on the DC bus voltage information with one converter used as a slack terminal to stabilize the DC bus voltage and the other converters as power terminals. In the on-grid mode, the GCC and the HES are used as the main control unit to achieve on-grid stable operation, whereas in the off-grid mode, the PV, HES and LC are used as the main control unit at different voltages to achieve stable operation of the island network. Finally, a DC MG system based on a household-level EPR is developed using the PSCAD / EMTDC simulation platform and the results show that the control strategy can effectively adjust the output of each subunit and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.展开更多
Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an expone...Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.展开更多
Vehicle height and leveling control of electronically controlled air suspension(ECAS) still poses theoretical challenges for researchers that have not been adequately addressed in prior research. This paper investigat...Vehicle height and leveling control of electronically controlled air suspension(ECAS) still poses theoretical challenges for researchers that have not been adequately addressed in prior research. This paper investigates the design and verification of a new controller to adjust the vehicle height and to regulate the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the height adjustment procedures. A nonlinear mechanism model of the vehicle height adjustment system is formulated to describe the dynamic behaviors of the system. By using mixed logical dynamical(MLD) approach, a novel control strategy is proposed to adjust the vehicle height by controlling the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves directly. On this basis, a correction algorithm is also designed to regulate the durations of the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves based on pulse width modulated(PWM) technology, thus the effective leveling control of the vehicle body can be guaranteed. Finally, simulations and vehicle tests results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control methodology.展开更多
Recently,multimodal sentiment analysis has increasingly attracted attention with the popularity of complementary data streams,which has great potential to surpass unimodal sentiment analysis.One challenge of multimoda...Recently,multimodal sentiment analysis has increasingly attracted attention with the popularity of complementary data streams,which has great potential to surpass unimodal sentiment analysis.One challenge of multimodal sentiment analysis is how to design an efficient multimodal feature fusion strategy.Unfortunately,existing work always considers feature-level fusion or decision-level fusion,and few research works focus on hybrid fusion strategies that contain feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion.To improve the performance of multimodal sentiment analysis,we present a novel multimodal sentiment analysis model using BiGRU and attention-based hybrid fusion strategy(BAHFS).Firstly,we apply BiGRU to learn the unimodal features of text,audio and video.Then we fuse the unimodal features into bimodal features using the bimodal attention fusion module.Next,BAHFS feeds the unimodal features and bimodal features into the trimodal attention fusion module and the trimodal concatenation fusion module simultaneously to get two sets of trimodal features.Finally,BAHFS makes a classification with the two sets of trimodal features respectively and gets the final analysis results with decision-level fusion.Based on the CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI datasets,extensive experiments have been carried out to verify BAHFS’s superiority.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to categorize the research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3;map how the research focus on ERTMS Level 3 has developed over time;summarize key assumptions in research on Level 3 and Hybrid Lev...The purpose of this paper is to categorize the research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3;map how the research focus on ERTMS Level 3 has developed over time;summarize key assumptions in research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3.This study uses a scoping review approach.This review method provides a comprehensive overview of the literature in a selected field.The literature searches in this study were primarily conducted in Scopus and Web of Science and were complemented with a follow-up search in Google Scholar.The topics are divided into two thematic areas:Effects on the Railway System and Technical Requirements.The thematic area Technical Requirements is further divided into the following subcategories:train,trackside,and communication.The effects on the railway system are measured using performance indicators:capacity,stability/robustness,and safety.ERTMS Level 3 has developed from a pure Level 3 to Hybrid Level 3.Hybrid Level 3 represents a pragmatic solution,but it may emerge as a threat to the long-term objective of the Level 3 moving block.Studies of Level 3 are based on a moving block solution,while studies of Hybrid Level 3 are mainly based on virtual sub-sections.Both Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3 studies tend to make assumptions that risk missing wider aspects of the railway system.There is also a need to correctly represent different ERTMS Level 3 configurations to ensure expected capacity gains.For a better understanding of the development and future path of ERTMS Level 3,it is interesting to study the following aspects:the historical development of ERTMS Level 3 research,the assumptions made about ERTMS Level 3,and the conditions and restrictions under which ERTMS Level 3 will be implemented.Assumptions and simplifications are necessary for modeling work,but there is also a need to highlight underlying assumptions in analyses of different ERTMS Level 3 configurations.展开更多
文摘The optimal surgical strategy for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy （CSM） has not been defined, and few comparative researches between hybrid decompression and multilevel corpectorny have been conducted. Here, we reported 28 patients of three-level CSM, of whom 12 underwent hybrid decompression and 16 two-level corpectomy, with each type of procedure chosen according to radiologic characteristics of those patients. Clinical and radiologic parameters of both groups showed various degrees of improvement. However, no statistically significant differences in Japanese Orthopedic Association （JOA） score improvement rate, graft fusion rate, post-operative neck disability index （NDI） or segmental lordosis between the two groups were found. We conclude that both hybrid decompression and two-level corpectomy could obtain satisfying clinical efficacy in the management of three-level CSM for appropriate patients.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0905000)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SGTJDK00DWJS1800232).
文摘In the light of user-side energy power control requirements, a power control strategy for a household-level EPR based on HES droop control is proposed, focusing on the on-grid, off-grid and seamless switching process. The system operating states are divided based on the DC bus voltage information with one converter used as a slack terminal to stabilize the DC bus voltage and the other converters as power terminals. In the on-grid mode, the GCC and the HES are used as the main control unit to achieve on-grid stable operation, whereas in the off-grid mode, the PV, HES and LC are used as the main control unit at different voltages to achieve stable operation of the island network. Finally, a DC MG system based on a household-level EPR is developed using the PSCAD / EMTDC simulation platform and the results show that the control strategy can effectively adjust the output of each subunit and maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage.
文摘Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51375212,61403172&51305167)Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2016149)
文摘Vehicle height and leveling control of electronically controlled air suspension(ECAS) still poses theoretical challenges for researchers that have not been adequately addressed in prior research. This paper investigates the design and verification of a new controller to adjust the vehicle height and to regulate the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the height adjustment procedures. A nonlinear mechanism model of the vehicle height adjustment system is formulated to describe the dynamic behaviors of the system. By using mixed logical dynamical(MLD) approach, a novel control strategy is proposed to adjust the vehicle height by controlling the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves directly. On this basis, a correction algorithm is also designed to regulate the durations of the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves based on pulse width modulated(PWM) technology, thus the effective leveling control of the vehicle body can be guaranteed. Finally, simulations and vehicle tests results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control methodology.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61872126,No.62273290)supported by the Key project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2020KF019).
文摘Recently,multimodal sentiment analysis has increasingly attracted attention with the popularity of complementary data streams,which has great potential to surpass unimodal sentiment analysis.One challenge of multimodal sentiment analysis is how to design an efficient multimodal feature fusion strategy.Unfortunately,existing work always considers feature-level fusion or decision-level fusion,and few research works focus on hybrid fusion strategies that contain feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion.To improve the performance of multimodal sentiment analysis,we present a novel multimodal sentiment analysis model using BiGRU and attention-based hybrid fusion strategy(BAHFS).Firstly,we apply BiGRU to learn the unimodal features of text,audio and video.Then we fuse the unimodal features into bimodal features using the bimodal attention fusion module.Next,BAHFS feeds the unimodal features and bimodal features into the trimodal attention fusion module and the trimodal concatenation fusion module simultaneously to get two sets of trimodal features.Finally,BAHFS makes a classification with the two sets of trimodal features respectively and gets the final analysis results with decision-level fusion.Based on the CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI datasets,extensive experiments have been carried out to verify BAHFS’s superiority.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to categorize the research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3;map how the research focus on ERTMS Level 3 has developed over time;summarize key assumptions in research on Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3.This study uses a scoping review approach.This review method provides a comprehensive overview of the literature in a selected field.The literature searches in this study were primarily conducted in Scopus and Web of Science and were complemented with a follow-up search in Google Scholar.The topics are divided into two thematic areas:Effects on the Railway System and Technical Requirements.The thematic area Technical Requirements is further divided into the following subcategories:train,trackside,and communication.The effects on the railway system are measured using performance indicators:capacity,stability/robustness,and safety.ERTMS Level 3 has developed from a pure Level 3 to Hybrid Level 3.Hybrid Level 3 represents a pragmatic solution,but it may emerge as a threat to the long-term objective of the Level 3 moving block.Studies of Level 3 are based on a moving block solution,while studies of Hybrid Level 3 are mainly based on virtual sub-sections.Both Level 3 and Hybrid Level 3 studies tend to make assumptions that risk missing wider aspects of the railway system.There is also a need to correctly represent different ERTMS Level 3 configurations to ensure expected capacity gains.For a better understanding of the development and future path of ERTMS Level 3,it is interesting to study the following aspects:the historical development of ERTMS Level 3 research,the assumptions made about ERTMS Level 3,and the conditions and restrictions under which ERTMS Level 3 will be implemented.Assumptions and simplifications are necessary for modeling work,but there is also a need to highlight underlying assumptions in analyses of different ERTMS Level 3 configurations.
