In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.There is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and al...In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.There is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and also novel insights into some liver conditions,such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and acute liver failure(ALF).Despite advancements,understanding autophagy's intricate mechanisms and implications in these diseases remains incomplete.Moreover,MAFLD's pathogenesis,encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation,require further elucidation.Similarly,the mechanisms underlying ALF,a severe hepatic dysfunction,are poorly understood.Innovative studies exploring the interplay between autophagy and GI disorders,as well as defined mechanisms of MAFLD and ALF,are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies to mitigate the global burden of these diseases.展开更多
This paper focuses on optimal voltage regulator(VR)planning to maximize the photovoltaic(PV)energy integration in distribution grids.To describe the amount of dynamic PV energy that can be integrated into the power sy...This paper focuses on optimal voltage regulator(VR)planning to maximize the photovoltaic(PV)energy integration in distribution grids.To describe the amount of dynamic PV energy that can be integrated into the power system,the concept of PV accommodation capability(PVAC)is introduced and modeled with optimization.Our proposed planning model is formulated as a Benders decomposition based bi-level stochastic optimization problem.In the upper-level problem,VR planning decisions and PVAC are determined via mixed integer linear programming(MILP)before considering uncertainty.Then in the lower-level problem,the feasibility of first-level results is checked by critical network constraints(e.g.voltage magnitude constraints and line capacity constraints)under uncertainties considered by time-varying loads and PV generations.In this paper,these uncertainties are represented in the form of operational scenarios,which are generated by the Gaussian copula theory and reduced by a well-studied backward-reduction algorithm.The modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.The results demonstrate that a PV energy integration can be significantly enhanced after optimal voltage regulator planning.展开更多
A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such...A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such a phenomenon is universal and how small the driving force can realize the best photovoltaic performance still require a thorough understanding.Herein,despite the zero driving force based on PM6:F8IC system,a maximum short-circuit current(J_(sc))of 23.0 mA/cm^(2) and high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.2%can still be achieved.Due to the continuously adjustable energy levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys including F8IC:IT-4F and F8IC:Y6,the suitable third components can play the role of energy level regulator.Therefore,the HOMO energy level offset(DEHOMO(D A))from zero to 0.07 and 0.06 eV is accomplished in the optimized IT-4F and Y6 ternary devices.Consequently,both ternary devices achieved substantially increased PCE of 13.8%and Jsc of 24.4 and 25.2 mA/cm^(2),respectively.Besides,pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)devices based on alloyed acceptors through sequential spin-coating method further improve the photovoltaic performance.Our work puts forward the concept of energy level regulator and prove that the ternary alloy strategy has unique advantages and huge research potential in continuously adjusting the driving force.展开更多
In this paper, a perturb and observe(P&O) based voltage regulator(POVR) and a capacitor compensator(CC)circuit are proposed for the implementation on 31-level asymmetrical switch-diode based multi-level DC-link(ML...In this paper, a perturb and observe(P&O) based voltage regulator(POVR) and a capacitor compensator(CC)circuit are proposed for the implementation on 31-level asymmetrical switch-diode based multi-level DC-link(MLDCL) inverter. Since the application of MLDCL in a standalone photovoltaic(PV) system requires constant DC voltages from PV panels, the POVR strategy is deployed to regulate the voltage along with the capability to deliver the maximum power at full load.Boost DC-DC converters are used as the interface between the panels and the inverter for the POVR operation. The results show that POVR is capable of achieving the desired fixed DC voltages even under varying environmental and load conditions,with a steady 230 V at the output. At full load, the standalone system successfully delivers 97.21% of the theoretical maximum power. Additionally, CC is incorporated to mitigate voltage spikes at the output when supplying power to inductive loads.It successfully eliminates the spikes and also reduces the total harmonic distortion(THD) of output current and voltage from more than 10% to less than 5%, as recommended in IEEE 519 standard.展开更多
中点箝位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器已被广泛应用,中点电位的平衡是其关键技术之一。首先建立基于零序电压注入的中点电位的数学模型,然后根据模型分析采用三种不同零序电压注入的计算方法。在实验室搭建三电平并网逆...中点箝位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器已被广泛应用,中点电位的平衡是其关键技术之一。首先建立基于零序电压注入的中点电位的数学模型,然后根据模型分析采用三种不同零序电压注入的计算方法。在实验室搭建三电平并网逆变器实验样机,比较在不同功率因数下,3种不同零序电压注入方法的中点电位动稳态平衡能力。结果表明,3种方法均能很好地平衡中点电位。此外,在实际条件下,上下电容值常会不相等,因此有必要补充在上下电容值误差为12%条件下的实验。实验验证了3种不同零序电压注入方法在上下电容值误差较大时仍能很好地控制中点电位的平衡。展开更多
Low sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, an anion channel protein) is related to the progressive motility of sperm. CFTR disruptor CF...Low sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, an anion channel protein) is related to the progressive motility of sperm. CFTR disruptor CFTRinh-172 or forskolin (FSK) in this study were used to treat human sperm separately, and the rates of sperm autophagy and progressive motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP concentration, and the expression levels of related factors were detected to explore their relationship. It was showed that sperms treated with CFTRinh-172 or FSK reduced the levels of cAMP, CFTR and PKA, but increased sperm autophagy rate, expression levels of AMPK and LC3B. However, reactive oxygen species content had no significant difference. It was indicated that low level of CFTR performed with cAMP and its downstream effectors such as PKA and AMPK to regulate mitochondrial structure and function, leading to increased autophagy rate and reduced vitality of sperm.展开更多
基金Supported by the European Union-NextGenerationEU,through The National Recovery and Resilience Plan of The Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008。
文摘In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.There is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and also novel insights into some liver conditions,such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and acute liver failure(ALF).Despite advancements,understanding autophagy's intricate mechanisms and implications in these diseases remains incomplete.Moreover,MAFLD's pathogenesis,encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation,require further elucidation.Similarly,the mechanisms underlying ALF,a severe hepatic dysfunction,are poorly understood.Innovative studies exploring the interplay between autophagy and GI disorders,as well as defined mechanisms of MAFLD and ALF,are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies to mitigate the global burden of these diseases.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2019A1515111173)Young Talent Program(Dept of Education of Guangdong)(2018KQNCX223)+2 种基金High-level University Fund,G02236002National Natural Science Foundation of China(71971183)Hong Kong UGC PolyU Grant under Project P0038972.
文摘This paper focuses on optimal voltage regulator(VR)planning to maximize the photovoltaic(PV)energy integration in distribution grids.To describe the amount of dynamic PV energy that can be integrated into the power system,the concept of PV accommodation capability(PVAC)is introduced and modeled with optimization.Our proposed planning model is formulated as a Benders decomposition based bi-level stochastic optimization problem.In the upper-level problem,VR planning decisions and PVAC are determined via mixed integer linear programming(MILP)before considering uncertainty.Then in the lower-level problem,the feasibility of first-level results is checked by critical network constraints(e.g.voltage magnitude constraints and line capacity constraints)under uncertainties considered by time-varying loads and PV generations.In this paper,these uncertainties are represented in the form of operational scenarios,which are generated by the Gaussian copula theory and reduced by a well-studied backward-reduction algorithm.The modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid is utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.The results demonstrate that a PV energy integration can be significantly enhanced after optimal voltage regulator planning.
基金support the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51973032,and 21905043)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51833004)financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0207700)。
文摘A good deal of studies have proven that effective exciton dissociation and fast hole transport can operate efficiently in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics(OPVs)despite nearly zero driving force.Even so,whether such a phenomenon is universal and how small the driving force can realize the best photovoltaic performance still require a thorough understanding.Herein,despite the zero driving force based on PM6:F8IC system,a maximum short-circuit current(J_(sc))of 23.0 mA/cm^(2) and high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 12.2%can still be achieved.Due to the continuously adjustable energy levels can be realized in organic semiconducting alloys including F8IC:IT-4F and F8IC:Y6,the suitable third components can play the role of energy level regulator.Therefore,the HOMO energy level offset(DEHOMO(D A))from zero to 0.07 and 0.06 eV is accomplished in the optimized IT-4F and Y6 ternary devices.Consequently,both ternary devices achieved substantially increased PCE of 13.8%and Jsc of 24.4 and 25.2 mA/cm^(2),respectively.Besides,pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)devices based on alloyed acceptors through sequential spin-coating method further improve the photovoltaic performance.Our work puts forward the concept of energy level regulator and prove that the ternary alloy strategy has unique advantages and huge research potential in continuously adjusting the driving force.
基金supported in part by the Postgraduate Fellowship from Universiti Sains Malaysia and in part by University Sains Malaysia (No. RUI1001/PELECT/8014027)。
文摘In this paper, a perturb and observe(P&O) based voltage regulator(POVR) and a capacitor compensator(CC)circuit are proposed for the implementation on 31-level asymmetrical switch-diode based multi-level DC-link(MLDCL) inverter. Since the application of MLDCL in a standalone photovoltaic(PV) system requires constant DC voltages from PV panels, the POVR strategy is deployed to regulate the voltage along with the capability to deliver the maximum power at full load.Boost DC-DC converters are used as the interface between the panels and the inverter for the POVR operation. The results show that POVR is capable of achieving the desired fixed DC voltages even under varying environmental and load conditions,with a steady 230 V at the output. At full load, the standalone system successfully delivers 97.21% of the theoretical maximum power. Additionally, CC is incorporated to mitigate voltage spikes at the output when supplying power to inductive loads.It successfully eliminates the spikes and also reduces the total harmonic distortion(THD) of output current and voltage from more than 10% to less than 5%, as recommended in IEEE 519 standard.
文摘中点箝位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器已被广泛应用,中点电位的平衡是其关键技术之一。首先建立基于零序电压注入的中点电位的数学模型,然后根据模型分析采用三种不同零序电压注入的计算方法。在实验室搭建三电平并网逆变器实验样机,比较在不同功率因数下,3种不同零序电压注入方法的中点电位动稳态平衡能力。结果表明,3种方法均能很好地平衡中点电位。此外,在实际条件下,上下电容值常会不相等,因此有必要补充在上下电容值误差为12%条件下的实验。实验验证了3种不同零序电压注入方法在上下电容值误差较大时仍能很好地控制中点电位的平衡。
文摘Low sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, an anion channel protein) is related to the progressive motility of sperm. CFTR disruptor CFTRinh-172 or forskolin (FSK) in this study were used to treat human sperm separately, and the rates of sperm autophagy and progressive motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP concentration, and the expression levels of related factors were detected to explore their relationship. It was showed that sperms treated with CFTRinh-172 or FSK reduced the levels of cAMP, CFTR and PKA, but increased sperm autophagy rate, expression levels of AMPK and LC3B. However, reactive oxygen species content had no significant difference. It was indicated that low level of CFTR performed with cAMP and its downstream effectors such as PKA and AMPK to regulate mitochondrial structure and function, leading to increased autophagy rate and reduced vitality of sperm.
