As is known to all,Tang Poem(TP) reflects the humanities,the place and the people,the political and cultural life of the Tang dynasty.TP must be translated cautiously and detail.Poetry translation may be considered a ...As is known to all,Tang Poem(TP) reflects the humanities,the place and the people,the political and cultural life of the Tang dynasty.TP must be translated cautiously and detail.Poetry translation may be considered a rivalry between two languages(or even between two cultures) which vies to express the original idea best.That is to say,it is most important to grasp the cultural background in that period before one can study the translation of TP from a cultural perspective.Culture will not fade as time goes by and will not vanish as the world changes.How do TP be translated into English by application of linguistic context analysis? Firstly,the translator should have a thorough understanding of the content and background,and accordingly use various techniques of translation,e.g.Literal translation,free translation,transliteration,etc;furthermore,the style of the original must be given serious consideration.Linguistic context analysis includes phonetic context analysis,syntax context analysis and syntactic context analysis.As for the syntax,as far as syntax is concerned,there are many differences between Chinese and English.Mr.Wang Li points out:"western language is rules-oriented,but Chinese is man-oriented"(Shen Xiaolong.1990:141).As for the syntax,he says:"structure of TP is close-knit and flaws less,which is inflexible,but western grammar isn't." this theses attempts to analysis how does an English version of a TP embody the style of the original poetic work by using proper syntactical form.展开更多
Document-level machine translation(MT)remains challenging due to its difficulty in efficiently using documentlevel global context for translation.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical model to learn the global conte...Document-level machine translation(MT)remains challenging due to its difficulty in efficiently using documentlevel global context for translation.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical model to learn the global context for documentlevel neural machine translation(NMT).This is done through a sentence encoder to capture intra-sentence dependencies and a document encoder to model document-level inter-sentence consistency and coherence.With this hierarchical architecture,we feedback the extracted document-level global context to each word in a top-down fashion to distinguish different translations of a word according to its specific surrounding context.Notably,we explore the effect of three popular attention functions during the information backward-distribution phase to take a deep look into the global context information distribution of our model.In addition,since large-scale in-domain document-level parallel corpora are usually unavailable,we use a two-step training strategy to take advantage of a large-scale corpus with out-of-domain parallel sentence pairs and a small-scale corpus with in-domain parallel document pairs to achieve the domain adaptability.Experimental results of our model on Chinese-English and English-German corpora significantly improve the Transformer baseline by 4.5 BLEU points on average which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed hierarchical model in document-level NMT.展开更多
The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai is a typical Chinese dialectal literary work.It has been translated into Mandarin(contemporary standard Chinese)and English versions by Eileen Chang,a famous Chinese writer.Dialect tran...The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai is a typical Chinese dialectal literary work.It has been translated into Mandarin(contemporary standard Chinese)and English versions by Eileen Chang,a famous Chinese writer.Dialect translation is a process involving both intralingual and interlingual translation,in which the strategy of Catford’s Translation Shifts is analyzed with examples in three versions of the novel.His theory is grounded on the sacrifice of“formal correspondence”,which,as a kind of translation strategy,attaches more importance to“semantic equivalence”.This article mainly discusses the application of Gatford’s translation level shifts in translating in dialectal literary works.展开更多
文摘As is known to all,Tang Poem(TP) reflects the humanities,the place and the people,the political and cultural life of the Tang dynasty.TP must be translated cautiously and detail.Poetry translation may be considered a rivalry between two languages(or even between two cultures) which vies to express the original idea best.That is to say,it is most important to grasp the cultural background in that period before one can study the translation of TP from a cultural perspective.Culture will not fade as time goes by and will not vanish as the world changes.How do TP be translated into English by application of linguistic context analysis? Firstly,the translator should have a thorough understanding of the content and background,and accordingly use various techniques of translation,e.g.Literal translation,free translation,transliteration,etc;furthermore,the style of the original must be given serious consideration.Linguistic context analysis includes phonetic context analysis,syntax context analysis and syntactic context analysis.As for the syntax,as far as syntax is concerned,there are many differences between Chinese and English.Mr.Wang Li points out:"western language is rules-oriented,but Chinese is man-oriented"(Shen Xiaolong.1990:141).As for the syntax,he says:"structure of TP is close-knit and flaws less,which is inflexible,but western grammar isn't." this theses attempts to analysis how does an English version of a TP embody the style of the original poetic work by using proper syntactical form.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61751206,61673290 and 61876118the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No.KYCX20_2669a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Document-level machine translation(MT)remains challenging due to its difficulty in efficiently using documentlevel global context for translation.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical model to learn the global context for documentlevel neural machine translation(NMT).This is done through a sentence encoder to capture intra-sentence dependencies and a document encoder to model document-level inter-sentence consistency and coherence.With this hierarchical architecture,we feedback the extracted document-level global context to each word in a top-down fashion to distinguish different translations of a word according to its specific surrounding context.Notably,we explore the effect of three popular attention functions during the information backward-distribution phase to take a deep look into the global context information distribution of our model.In addition,since large-scale in-domain document-level parallel corpora are usually unavailable,we use a two-step training strategy to take advantage of a large-scale corpus with out-of-domain parallel sentence pairs and a small-scale corpus with in-domain parallel document pairs to achieve the domain adaptability.Experimental results of our model on Chinese-English and English-German corpora significantly improve the Transformer baseline by 4.5 BLEU points on average which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed hierarchical model in document-level NMT.
文摘The Sing-Song Girls of Shanghai is a typical Chinese dialectal literary work.It has been translated into Mandarin(contemporary standard Chinese)and English versions by Eileen Chang,a famous Chinese writer.Dialect translation is a process involving both intralingual and interlingual translation,in which the strategy of Catford’s Translation Shifts is analyzed with examples in three versions of the novel.His theory is grounded on the sacrifice of“formal correspondence”,which,as a kind of translation strategy,attaches more importance to“semantic equivalence”.This article mainly discusses the application of Gatford’s translation level shifts in translating in dialectal literary works.
