城市污水处理厂污泥的处置是一个日趋紧迫的问题。本研究利用枯枝落叶对污水处理厂污泥进行堆肥处理。结果表明,枯枝落叶和污泥混合物作为堆肥原料品质良好,能很好地腐熟,堆肥结束时有机质损失率约42%。堆肥产物的理化性质:pH值为7.5、...城市污水处理厂污泥的处置是一个日趋紧迫的问题。本研究利用枯枝落叶对污水处理厂污泥进行堆肥处理。结果表明,枯枝落叶和污泥混合物作为堆肥原料品质良好,能很好地腐熟,堆肥结束时有机质损失率约42%。堆肥产物的理化性质:pH值为7.5、电导率(EC,3.7 m S·cm^(-1))和重金属镉、砷、铅、铜的含量均符合农业土壤肥料的应用标准。堆肥后物料中交换态重金属含量降低了13%~70%,枯枝落叶对污泥中重金属起到良好的钝化作用。展开更多
Aims tree species richness has been reported to have positive effects on aboveground biomass and productivity,but little is known about its effects on soil organic carbon(SOC)accumulation.Methods to close this gap,we ...Aims tree species richness has been reported to have positive effects on aboveground biomass and productivity,but little is known about its effects on soil organic carbon(SOC)accumulation.Methods to close this gap,we made use of a large biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical china(BEF-china)and tested whether tree species richness enhanced SOC accumulation.In 2010 and 2015,vertically layered soil samples were taken to a depth of 30 cm from 57 plots ranging in tree species richness from one to eight species.Least squares-based linear models and analysis of variance were used to investigate tree diversity effects.Structural equation modeling was used to explore hypothesized indirect relationships between tree species richness,leaf-litter biomass,leaf-litter carbon content,fine-root biomass and SOC accumulation.Important Findings Overall,SOC content decreased by 5.7 and 1.1 g C kg^(-1) in the top 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depth,respectively,but increased by 1.0 and 1.5 g C kg^(-1) in the deeper 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depth,respect-ively.converting SOC content to SOC stocks using measures of soil bulk density showed that tree species richness did enhance SOC accumulation in the different soil depths.these effects could only to some extent be explained by leaf-litter biomass and not by fine-root biomass.Our findings suggest that carbon storage in new forests in china could be increased by planting more diverse stands,with the potential to contribute to mitigation of climate warming.展开更多
Long-term natural vegetation succession plays a substantial role in the accumulation and distribution of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry.However,how plant and soil C:N:P relationships or ratios change along with su...Long-term natural vegetation succession plays a substantial role in the accumulation and distribution of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry.However,how plant and soil C:N:P relationships or ratios change along with successional stages over a century in the severely eroded areas remain unclear.These were measured over a 100-year natural succession in five successional stages from annual grasses to climax forests.The results show that natural succession had significant effects on carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P)concentrations in leaf-litter-soil and their ratios in severely eroded areas.Nitrogen concentrations and N:P ratios in leaf and litter increased from annual grasses to the shrub stage and then decreased in the late successional forest stages.Leaf P levels decreased from annual grasses to shrub stages and did not significantly change during late successional stages.Litter P concentration decreased in the early successional stages and increased during late successional stages,with no overall significant change.Soil C and N concentrations and C:N,C:P and N:P ratios increased with successional stages.Soil C and N concentrations decreased with the increasing soil depth.Both were significantly different between any successional stages and controls(cropland)in the upper 10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers.Leaf N:P ratios may be used to indicate nutrient limitations and this study suggests that plant growth during the grass stages was limited by N,during the shrub stage,by P,and during the forest stages,by both of N and P.In addition,there were close correlations between litter and leaf C:N:P ratios,soil and litter C and N levels,and C:P and N:P ratios.These results show that long-term natural vegetation succession is effective in restoring degraded soil properties and improving soil fertility,and provide insights into C:N:P relationships of leaf,litter and soil influenced by vegetation succession stage.展开更多
[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层...[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层蚂蚁群落。[结果]共采集枯落物层蚂蚁5亚科34属66种2 118头。四个样地间枯落物层蚂蚁的物种丰富度有显著差异(GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039),相对多度无显著差异(GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863),其中巨桉林E1蚂蚁物种丰富度最高,N2最低;天然次生林N1蚂蚁多度最高,E2最低。巨桉林枯落物层蚂蚁群落结构与天然次生林无显著差异(ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333)。巨桉林中的指示物种为菱结大头蚁和东方小家蚁,天然次生林中的指示物种为红足厚结猛蚁。枯落物层厚度与蚂蚁物种丰富度显著负相关,枯落物层其它指标与蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均无显著相关性。[结论]干扰少、林下植被丰富的人工巨桉林对枯落物层蚂蚁群落多样性的保护具有积极意义。展开更多
Research on the multicomponent synergistic relationships between plants,litter,and soil from the perspective of ecological stoichiometry helps to understand nutrient cycling and distribution mechanisms within ecosyste...Research on the multicomponent synergistic relationships between plants,litter,and soil from the perspective of ecological stoichiometry helps to understand nutrient cycling and distribution mechanisms within ecosystems.This study focused on Juniperus saltuaria,the dominant tree species in the forestline ecotone of Sygera Mountains,southeastern Xizang,China.We systematically measured and analyzed the Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)contents and their relationships in plants(leaves,branches,trunks,fine roots),litter(undecomposed layer,partially decomposed layer,fully decomposed layer),and soil(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm)at different slope positions.The results showed significant differences in the C,N,and P contents and stoichiometry of plants and soil at different slope positions,while no significant differences were observed among litter layers.At the same slope position,the C,N,and P contents in leaves and surface soil were the highest,with soil nutrients significantly decreasing with increasing depth.For litter,the C content in the undecomposed layer was significantly higher than that in the partially and fully decomposed layers while the P content showed the opposite trend.Surface soil(0-20 cm)exhibited a decoupled relationship with plants but a coupled relationship with litter while deep soil(20-40 cm)showed a coupled relationship with plants.J.saltuaria showed faster growth rates on uphill slope.In this study area,J.saltuaria exhibited consistent trends of N,P,and N:P ratios homeostasis across different slope positions and organs,with leaves and fine roots both limited by N.Significant interactive effects between plants,litter,and soil nutrients were observed across different slope positions.Positive correlations were found between leaf and litter,and between fine root and leaf while the relationships between litter and soil,and between soil and fine root,varied.This study helps improve our understanding of the nutrient interactions between plants,litter,and soil in dominant species of alpine forest e展开更多
文摘城市污水处理厂污泥的处置是一个日趋紧迫的问题。本研究利用枯枝落叶对污水处理厂污泥进行堆肥处理。结果表明,枯枝落叶和污泥混合物作为堆肥原料品质良好,能很好地腐熟,堆肥结束时有机质损失率约42%。堆肥产物的理化性质:pH值为7.5、电导率(EC,3.7 m S·cm^(-1))和重金属镉、砷、铅、铜的含量均符合农业土壤肥料的应用标准。堆肥后物料中交换态重金属含量降低了13%~70%,枯枝落叶对污泥中重金属起到良好的钝化作用。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270496 and 31300353)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA 05050204).
文摘Aims tree species richness has been reported to have positive effects on aboveground biomass and productivity,but little is known about its effects on soil organic carbon(SOC)accumulation.Methods to close this gap,we made use of a large biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical china(BEF-china)and tested whether tree species richness enhanced SOC accumulation.In 2010 and 2015,vertically layered soil samples were taken to a depth of 30 cm from 57 plots ranging in tree species richness from one to eight species.Least squares-based linear models and analysis of variance were used to investigate tree diversity effects.Structural equation modeling was used to explore hypothesized indirect relationships between tree species richness,leaf-litter biomass,leaf-litter carbon content,fine-root biomass and SOC accumulation.Important Findings Overall,SOC content decreased by 5.7 and 1.1 g C kg^(-1) in the top 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depth,respectively,but increased by 1.0 and 1.5 g C kg^(-1) in the deeper 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil depth,respect-ively.converting SOC content to SOC stocks using measures of soil bulk density showed that tree species richness did enhance SOC accumulation in the different soil depths.these effects could only to some extent be explained by leaf-litter biomass and not by fine-root biomass.Our findings suggest that carbon storage in new forests in china could be increased by planting more diverse stands,with the potential to contribute to mitigation of climate warming.
基金financially supported by the External Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.161461KYSB20170013)Special-Funds of Scientific Research Programs of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau(Grant No.A314021403-C2).
文摘Long-term natural vegetation succession plays a substantial role in the accumulation and distribution of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry.However,how plant and soil C:N:P relationships or ratios change along with successional stages over a century in the severely eroded areas remain unclear.These were measured over a 100-year natural succession in five successional stages from annual grasses to climax forests.The results show that natural succession had significant effects on carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P)concentrations in leaf-litter-soil and their ratios in severely eroded areas.Nitrogen concentrations and N:P ratios in leaf and litter increased from annual grasses to the shrub stage and then decreased in the late successional forest stages.Leaf P levels decreased from annual grasses to shrub stages and did not significantly change during late successional stages.Litter P concentration decreased in the early successional stages and increased during late successional stages,with no overall significant change.Soil C and N concentrations and C:N,C:P and N:P ratios increased with successional stages.Soil C and N concentrations decreased with the increasing soil depth.Both were significantly different between any successional stages and controls(cropland)in the upper 10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers.Leaf N:P ratios may be used to indicate nutrient limitations and this study suggests that plant growth during the grass stages was limited by N,during the shrub stage,by P,and during the forest stages,by both of N and P.In addition,there were close correlations between litter and leaf C:N:P ratios,soil and litter C and N levels,and C:P and N:P ratios.These results show that long-term natural vegetation succession is effective in restoring degraded soil properties and improving soil fertility,and provide insights into C:N:P relationships of leaf,litter and soil influenced by vegetation succession stage.
文摘[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层蚂蚁群落。[结果]共采集枯落物层蚂蚁5亚科34属66种2 118头。四个样地间枯落物层蚂蚁的物种丰富度有显著差异(GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039),相对多度无显著差异(GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863),其中巨桉林E1蚂蚁物种丰富度最高,N2最低;天然次生林N1蚂蚁多度最高,E2最低。巨桉林枯落物层蚂蚁群落结构与天然次生林无显著差异(ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333)。巨桉林中的指示物种为菱结大头蚁和东方小家蚁,天然次生林中的指示物种为红足厚结猛蚁。枯落物层厚度与蚂蚁物种丰富度显著负相关,枯落物层其它指标与蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均无显著相关性。[结论]干扰少、林下植被丰富的人工巨桉林对枯落物层蚂蚁群落多样性的保护具有积极意义。
基金funded by the National Ministry of Science and Technology Ecological Station(LZF2020-2025)the Longterm Ecological Observation Study of Alpine Pine in Southeast Tibet(Science and Technology Innovation Base)(XZ202301JD0001G)+1 种基金the Graduate Student Innovation Project of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College(YJS2023-01)the Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College Talent Team Development Fund Project(XZNMXYRCXM-2024-10).
文摘Research on the multicomponent synergistic relationships between plants,litter,and soil from the perspective of ecological stoichiometry helps to understand nutrient cycling and distribution mechanisms within ecosystems.This study focused on Juniperus saltuaria,the dominant tree species in the forestline ecotone of Sygera Mountains,southeastern Xizang,China.We systematically measured and analyzed the Carbon(C),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)contents and their relationships in plants(leaves,branches,trunks,fine roots),litter(undecomposed layer,partially decomposed layer,fully decomposed layer),and soil(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-40 cm)at different slope positions.The results showed significant differences in the C,N,and P contents and stoichiometry of plants and soil at different slope positions,while no significant differences were observed among litter layers.At the same slope position,the C,N,and P contents in leaves and surface soil were the highest,with soil nutrients significantly decreasing with increasing depth.For litter,the C content in the undecomposed layer was significantly higher than that in the partially and fully decomposed layers while the P content showed the opposite trend.Surface soil(0-20 cm)exhibited a decoupled relationship with plants but a coupled relationship with litter while deep soil(20-40 cm)showed a coupled relationship with plants.J.saltuaria showed faster growth rates on uphill slope.In this study area,J.saltuaria exhibited consistent trends of N,P,and N:P ratios homeostasis across different slope positions and organs,with leaves and fine roots both limited by N.Significant interactive effects between plants,litter,and soil nutrients were observed across different slope positions.Positive correlations were found between leaf and litter,and between fine root and leaf while the relationships between litter and soil,and between soil and fine root,varied.This study helps improve our understanding of the nutrient interactions between plants,litter,and soil in dominant species of alpine forest e
