在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数...在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数和群体透光率的垂直分布特征。结果表明,小麦叶型特征存在显著的基因型差异,而施氮量的调控作用因叶型性状和生育时期不同而各异。叶片定形后,从植株基部向上,4个小麦品种不同叶位叶片单叶面积呈"升-降-升-降"的变化趋势,而茎叶夹角呈递减趋势。其最大分层叶面积指数所在的相对冠层高度为0.60。从冠层基部向上,群体透光率逐渐增加,符合二次多项式曲线。施氮提高了单叶面积,其中扬麦12和淮麦17的增加幅度较大。施氮提高了各叶位茎叶夹角,且对宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12冠层下部茎叶夹角的调控作用大于冠层上部,而对矮抗58正好相反。施氮提高了各株型小麦品种的分层叶面积指数,降低了群体透光率,但过量施氮条件下,宁麦9号和矮抗58透光率的下降幅度小于扬麦12和淮麦17。各株型小麦品种群体透光率随累积叶面积指数的增加而递减。籽粒产量为N150(150 kg hm-2)>N225(225 kg hm-2)>N75(75 kg hm-2)。施氮显著提高了小麦品种穗数和收获指数,但对千粒重的影响不显著。穗粒数以高氮处理最高,低氮处理其次。籽粒产量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数和收获指数在4个株型品种间差异显著,籽粒产量为矮抗58>宁麦9号>扬麦12>淮麦17,穗数和穗粒数是造成籽粒产量差异的主要原因。展开更多
With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09, indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials, field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf s...With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09, indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials, field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice. The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water evidently increased and decreased at a slow rate. The soil oxidation-reduction potential under aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK, contributing to significant increases in effective panicles, seed setting rate and grain yield. In addition, the aerated irrigation improved root function, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content in flag leaves at post-flowering, which delayed leaf senescence process, prolonged leaf functional activity and led to enhanced grain filling.展开更多
文摘在大田生产条件下,以紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号和矮秆品种矮抗58、中间型品种扬麦12、松散型品种淮麦17为材料,测定并分析了3个施氮水平下不同生育时期的小麦冠层叶型特征,以及开花期小麦叶长和叶宽、单叶面积、茎叶夹角、分层叶面积指数和群体透光率的垂直分布特征。结果表明,小麦叶型特征存在显著的基因型差异,而施氮量的调控作用因叶型性状和生育时期不同而各异。叶片定形后,从植株基部向上,4个小麦品种不同叶位叶片单叶面积呈"升-降-升-降"的变化趋势,而茎叶夹角呈递减趋势。其最大分层叶面积指数所在的相对冠层高度为0.60。从冠层基部向上,群体透光率逐渐增加,符合二次多项式曲线。施氮提高了单叶面积,其中扬麦12和淮麦17的增加幅度较大。施氮提高了各叶位茎叶夹角,且对宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12冠层下部茎叶夹角的调控作用大于冠层上部,而对矮抗58正好相反。施氮提高了各株型小麦品种的分层叶面积指数,降低了群体透光率,但过量施氮条件下,宁麦9号和矮抗58透光率的下降幅度小于扬麦12和淮麦17。各株型小麦品种群体透光率随累积叶面积指数的增加而递减。籽粒产量为N150(150 kg hm-2)>N225(225 kg hm-2)>N75(75 kg hm-2)。施氮显著提高了小麦品种穗数和收获指数,但对千粒重的影响不显著。穗粒数以高氮处理最高,低氮处理其次。籽粒产量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数和收获指数在4个株型品种间差异显著,籽粒产量为矮抗58>宁麦9号>扬麦12>淮麦17,穗数和穗粒数是造成籽粒产量差异的主要原因。
文摘With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09, indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials, field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice. The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water evidently increased and decreased at a slow rate. The soil oxidation-reduction potential under aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK, contributing to significant increases in effective panicles, seed setting rate and grain yield. In addition, the aerated irrigation improved root function, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content in flag leaves at post-flowering, which delayed leaf senescence process, prolonged leaf functional activity and led to enhanced grain filling.
