The multiple beneficial effects on human health of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate,synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by colonic microbiota,are well documented.At the intestinal level,butyrate plays a regul...The multiple beneficial effects on human health of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate,synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by colonic microbiota,are well documented.At the intestinal level,butyrate plays a regulatory role on the transepithelial fluid transport,ameliorates mucosal inflammation and oxidative status,reinforces the epithelial defense barrier,and modulates visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility.In addition,a growing number of studies have stressed the role of butyrate in the prevention and inhibition of colorectal cancer.At the extraintestinal level,butyrate exerts potentially useful effects on many conditions,including hemoglobinopathies,genetic metabolic diseases,hypercholesterolemia,insulin resistance,and ischemic stroke.The mechanisms of action of butyrate are different;many of these are related to its potent regulatory effects on gene expression.These data suggest a wide spectrum of positive effects exerted by butyrate,with a high potential for a therapeutic use in human medicine.展开更多
Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. Wi...Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. With the changes of liquid environment, the structure and function of the osmoregulation organs（such as gills, antennary glands）,haemolymph osmotic pressure and ionic transport will turn to maintain the well-balanced metabolism, which are under the neuroendocrine regulation. The current research status of physiological mechanism of crustacean osmoregulation was reviewed in the following aspects: 1)Structure and function of gills and antennal glands（maxillary glands）. The gills are very important organs and play a prominenet role in osmoregulation; 2)Regulation of ion transport in branchial epithelium. Ion transport enzymes （Na+-K+-ATPase, V-ATPase,HCO3--ATPase and carbonicanhydrase） stimulated by bioamines and cAMP may participate in the ion transport of branchial epithelium in crustacean; 3)Haemolymph composition and osmoregulation. Haemolymph concentration of ion and free amino acid accompanied by metabolites of blood can contribute to the most of haemolymph osmotic pressure; 4)Neuroendocrine control. Many neuropeptides may regulate the osmotic pressure of haemolymph and proteinsases activity of epithelial gill cells. Bioamines, cAMP and CaM have been proved to stimulate the uptake of Na+ and transport of Cl-.展开更多
K＋ uptake in the high-affinity range of concentrations and its components have been widely studied. In Arabidposis thaliana, the AtHAK5 transporter and the AtAKT1 channel have been shown to be the main transport prot...K＋ uptake in the high-affinity range of concentrations and its components have been widely studied. In Arabidposis thaliana, the AtHAK5 transporter and the AtAKT1 channel have been shown to be the main transport proteins involved in this process. Here, we study the role of these two systems under two important stress conditions： low K＋ supply or the presence of salinity. T-DNA insertion lines disrupting AtHAK5 and A tAKT1 are employed for long-term experi- ments that allow physiological characterization of the mutant lines. We found that AtHAK5 is required for K＋ absorption necessary to sustain plant growth at low K＋ in the absence as well as in the presence of salinity. Salinity greatly reduced AtHAK5 transcript levels and promoted AtAKTl-mediated K＋ efflux, resulting in an important impairment of K＋ nutrition. Although having a limited capacity, AtHAK5 plays a major role for K＋ acquisition from low K＋ concentrations in the presence of salinity.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising energy storage systems,which consist of electrode materials,electrolyte,and separator.The first two have been significantly received ample development,while th...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising energy storage systems,which consist of electrode materials,electrolyte,and separator.The first two have been significantly received ample development,while the prominent role of the separators in manipulating the stability of the electrode has not attracted sufficient attention.In this work,a separator(UiO-66-GF)modified by Zr-based metal organic framework for robust AZIBs is proposed.UiO-66-GF effectively enhances the transport ability of charge carriers and demonstrates preferential orientation of(002)crystal plane,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite-free zinc deposition.Consequently,Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|Zn cells exhibit highly reversible plating/stripping behavior with long cycle life over 1650 h at 2.0 mA cm^(−2),and Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|MnO_(2) cells show excellent long-term stability with capacity retention of 85%after 1000 cycles.The reasonable design and application of multifunctional metal organic frameworks modified separators provide useful guidance for constructing durable AZIBs.展开更多
Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in ...Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in the eighteenth century. Electric fields activate multiple cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN, the membrane channel of KCNJ15/Kir4.2 and intracellular polyamines. These pathways are involved in the sensing of physiological electric fields, directional cell migration (galvanotaxis, also known as electrotaxis), and possibly other cellular responses. Importantly, electric fields provide a dominant and over-riding signal that directs cell migration. Electrical stimulation could be a promising therapeutic method in promoting wound healing and activating regeneration of chronic and non-healing wounds. This review provides an update of the physiological role of electric fields, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, its potential therapeutic value, and questions that still await answers.展开更多
The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10^-10 L^2/g^2. Solute tra...The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10^-10 L^2/g^2. Solute transport laws of ammonium ions (NH4 +) and rare earth ions (RE^3+) in column leaching were described by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE). The source and sink in the CDE were determined by the Kerr model. The CDE with strong nonlinearity was solved using the sequential non-iterative method. Compared with the breakthrough curve of RE^3+, the correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental curves reached 0.8724. Therefore, this method can simulate the one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) solution on the leaching rate of rare earth were analyzed. The optimal concentration of the (NH4)2SO4 solution had a linear relationship with the rare earth grade.展开更多
Plasma membrane （PM） H＋-ATPases are the primary pumps responsible for the establishment of cellular mem- brane potential in plants. In addition to regulating basic aspects of plant cell function, these enzymes cont...Plasma membrane （PM） H＋-ATPases are the primary pumps responsible for the establishment of cellular mem- brane potential in plants. In addition to regulating basic aspects of plant cell function, these enzymes contribute to sig- naling events in response to diverse environmental stimuli. Here, we focus on the roles of the PM H＋-ATPase during plant- pathogen interactions. PM H＋-ATPases are dynamically regulated during plant immune responses and recent quantitative proteomics studies suggest complex spatial and temporal modulation of PM H＋-ATPase activity during early pathogen recognition events. Additional data indicate that PM H＋-ATPases cooperate with the plant immune signaling protein RIN4 to regulate stomatal apertures during bacterial invasion of leaf tissue. Furthermore, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to manipulate PM H＋-ATPase activity during infection. Thus, these ubiquitous plant enzymes contribute to plant immune responses and are targeted by pathogens to increase plant susceptibility.展开更多
基金Supported by A Grant from Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco(AIFA) grant code FARM6FJ728
文摘The multiple beneficial effects on human health of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate,synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by colonic microbiota,are well documented.At the intestinal level,butyrate plays a regulatory role on the transepithelial fluid transport,ameliorates mucosal inflammation and oxidative status,reinforces the epithelial defense barrier,and modulates visceral sensitivity and intestinal motility.In addition,a growing number of studies have stressed the role of butyrate in the prevention and inhibition of colorectal cancer.At the extraintestinal level,butyrate exerts potentially useful effects on many conditions,including hemoglobinopathies,genetic metabolic diseases,hypercholesterolemia,insulin resistance,and ischemic stroke.The mechanisms of action of butyrate are different;many of these are related to its potent regulatory effects on gene expression.These data suggest a wide spectrum of positive effects exerted by butyrate,with a high potential for a therapeutic use in human medicine.
文摘Osmoregulation involves many aspects of physiological function in crustacean. Crustacean species exhibit almost all possible patterns of osmotic regulation and they are widely distributed in most of known biotopes. With the changes of liquid environment, the structure and function of the osmoregulation organs（such as gills, antennary glands）,haemolymph osmotic pressure and ionic transport will turn to maintain the well-balanced metabolism, which are under the neuroendocrine regulation. The current research status of physiological mechanism of crustacean osmoregulation was reviewed in the following aspects: 1)Structure and function of gills and antennal glands（maxillary glands）. The gills are very important organs and play a prominenet role in osmoregulation; 2)Regulation of ion transport in branchial epithelium. Ion transport enzymes （Na+-K+-ATPase, V-ATPase,HCO3--ATPase and carbonicanhydrase） stimulated by bioamines and cAMP may participate in the ion transport of branchial epithelium in crustacean; 3)Haemolymph composition and osmoregulation. Haemolymph concentration of ion and free amino acid accompanied by metabolites of blood can contribute to the most of haemolymph osmotic pressure; 4)Neuroendocrine control. Many neuropeptides may regulate the osmotic pressure of haemolymph and proteinsases activity of epithelial gill cells. Bioamines, cAMP and CaM have been proved to stimulate the uptake of Na+ and transport of Cl-.
文摘K＋ uptake in the high-affinity range of concentrations and its components have been widely studied. In Arabidposis thaliana, the AtHAK5 transporter and the AtAKT1 channel have been shown to be the main transport proteins involved in this process. Here, we study the role of these two systems under two important stress conditions： low K＋ supply or the presence of salinity. T-DNA insertion lines disrupting AtHAK5 and A tAKT1 are employed for long-term experi- ments that allow physiological characterization of the mutant lines. We found that AtHAK5 is required for K＋ absorption necessary to sustain plant growth at low K＋ in the absence as well as in the presence of salinity. Salinity greatly reduced AtHAK5 transcript levels and promoted AtAKTl-mediated K＋ efflux, resulting in an important impairment of K＋ nutrition. Although having a limited capacity, AtHAK5 plays a major role for K＋ acquisition from low K＋ concentrations in the presence of salinity.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872090,51972346)the Hebei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.E2019209433)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2020209151)the Hunan Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(2021JJ10064)the Program of Youth Talent Support for Hunan Province(2020RC3011).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are one of the promising energy storage systems,which consist of electrode materials,electrolyte,and separator.The first two have been significantly received ample development,while the prominent role of the separators in manipulating the stability of the electrode has not attracted sufficient attention.In this work,a separator(UiO-66-GF)modified by Zr-based metal organic framework for robust AZIBs is proposed.UiO-66-GF effectively enhances the transport ability of charge carriers and demonstrates preferential orientation of(002)crystal plane,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite-free zinc deposition.Consequently,Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|Zn cells exhibit highly reversible plating/stripping behavior with long cycle life over 1650 h at 2.0 mA cm^(−2),and Zn|UiO-66-GF-2.2|MnO_(2) cells show excellent long-term stability with capacity retention of 85%after 1000 cycles.The reasonable design and application of multifunctional metal organic frameworks modified separators provide useful guidance for constructing durable AZIBs.
文摘Naturally occurring electric fields are known to be morphogenetic cues and associated with growth and healing throughout mammalian and amphibian animals and the plant kingdom. Electricity in animals was discovered in the eighteenth century. Electric fields activate multiple cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K/PTEN, the membrane channel of KCNJ15/Kir4.2 and intracellular polyamines. These pathways are involved in the sensing of physiological electric fields, directional cell migration (galvanotaxis, also known as electrotaxis), and possibly other cellular responses. Importantly, electric fields provide a dominant and over-riding signal that directs cell migration. Electrical stimulation could be a promising therapeutic method in promoting wound healing and activating regeneration of chronic and non-healing wounds. This review provides an update of the physiological role of electric fields, its cellular and molecular mechanisms, its potential therapeutic value, and questions that still await answers.
基金Projects(51664015,41602311,51774156) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10^-10 L^2/g^2. Solute transport laws of ammonium ions (NH4 +) and rare earth ions (RE^3+) in column leaching were described by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE). The source and sink in the CDE were determined by the Kerr model. The CDE with strong nonlinearity was solved using the sequential non-iterative method. Compared with the breakthrough curve of RE^3+, the correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental curves reached 0.8724. Therefore, this method can simulate the one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) solution on the leaching rate of rare earth were analyzed. The optimal concentration of the (NH4)2SO4 solution had a linear relationship with the rare earth grade.
文摘Plasma membrane （PM） H＋-ATPases are the primary pumps responsible for the establishment of cellular mem- brane potential in plants. In addition to regulating basic aspects of plant cell function, these enzymes contribute to sig- naling events in response to diverse environmental stimuli. Here, we focus on the roles of the PM H＋-ATPase during plant- pathogen interactions. PM H＋-ATPases are dynamically regulated during plant immune responses and recent quantitative proteomics studies suggest complex spatial and temporal modulation of PM H＋-ATPase activity during early pathogen recognition events. Additional data indicate that PM H＋-ATPases cooperate with the plant immune signaling protein RIN4 to regulate stomatal apertures during bacterial invasion of leaf tissue. Furthermore, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to manipulate PM H＋-ATPase activity during infection. Thus, these ubiquitous plant enzymes contribute to plant immune responses and are targeted by pathogens to increase plant susceptibility.
