Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The mucosal epithelium of the alimentary tract constitutes a key element of the mucosal barrier to a broad spectrum of de...Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The mucosal epithelium of the alimentary tract constitutes a key element of the mucosal barrier to a broad spectrum of deleterious substances present within the intestinal lumen including bacterial microorganisms, various dietary factors, gastrointestinal secretory products and drugs. In addition, this mucosal barrier can be disturbed in the course of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases. Fortunately, the integrity of the gastrointestinal surface epithelium is rapidly reestablished even after extensive destruction. Rapid resealing of the epithelial barrier following injuries is accomplished by a process termed epithelial restitution, followed by more delayed mechanisms of epithelial wound healing including increased epithelial cell proliferation and epithelial cell differentiation. Restitution of the intestinal surface epithelium is modulated by a range of highly divergent factors among them a broad spectrum of structurally distinct regulatory peptides, variously described as growth factors or cytokines. Several regulatory peptide factors act from the basolateral site of the epithelial surface and enhance epithelial cell restitution through TGF-13-dependent pathways. In contrast, members of the trefoil factor family （TFF peptides） appear to stimulate epithelial restitution in conjunction with mucin glycoproteins through a TGF-13-independent mechanism from the apical site of the intestinal epithelium. In addition, a number of other peptide molecules like extracellular matrix factors and blood clotting factors and also non- peptide molecules including phospholipids~ short-chain fatty acids （SCFA）, adenine nucleotides, trace elements and pharmacological agents modulate intestinal epithelial repair mechanisms. Repeated damage and injury of the intestinal surface are key features of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and require constant repair of the epi展开更多
AIM To investigate the potential role of intestinal microflora barrier in the pathogenesis of pancreatic infection. METHODS Fifteen dogs were colonized with a strain of E.coli JM109 bearing ampicillin resistan...AIM To investigate the potential role of intestinal microflora barrier in the pathogenesis of pancreatic infection. METHODS Fifteen dogs were colonized with a strain of E.coli JM109 bearing ampicillin resistance plasmid PUC18. The animals were divided into two groups. In experimental group ( n =8), acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) was induced by injection of 0 5ml/kg of sodium tarocholate with 3000U/kg trypsin into the pancreatic duct. The control group ( n =7) underwent laparotomy only. All animals were sacrificed 7 days later. Mucosal and luminal microflora of intestine were analyzed quantitatively, and various organs were harvested for culturing, blood samples were obtained for determination of serum amylase activities and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. RESULTS In the experimental group, the number of E.coli in the intestine was much higher than those of the controls, while bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were decreased significantly (jejunum, 1 75±0 95 vs 2 35±0 79, P <0 05; 1 13±0 8 vs 1 83±0 64, P <0 05; ileum, 2 89±0 86 vs 3 87±1 05, P <0 05; 1 78±0 79 vs 3 79±1 11, P <0 01; cecum, 2 70±0 88 vs 4 89±0 87, P <001; 2 81±0 73 vs 3 24±0 84, P <0 05. Content of cecum, 3 06±0 87 vs 5 15±1 44, P <0 01; 2 67±0 61 vs 4 25±0 81, P <0 01), resulting in reversal of bifido bacterium/ E.coli ratio as compared with the control group (jejunum, 0 51±0 76 vs 1 23±0 53, P <0 05; ileum, 0 62±0 68 vs 1 16±0 32, P <0 05; cecum, 0 46±0 44 vs 1 03±0 64, P <0 05). In addition, intestinal bacteria were isolated from organs of all animals in the experimental group, and JM109 was also detected in most cases. Positive blood culture was 75 0% and 62 5% on day 1 and 2 after induction of ANP, respectively, but no bacterium was found in the controls. As compared with the control group, blood LPS levels and serum amylase activities in展开更多
AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were...AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were randomized to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus （L. acidophilus） NCFM^TM （ATCC 700396） and Bifidobacterium lactis （B. lactis） BI-04 （ATCC SD5219） or placebo in a double-blind manner for 4 mo, starting prior to onset of the birch pollen season. Symptoms were recorded in a diary. Blood samples were taken for analysis of cytokines and eosinophils. Fecal samples were analysed for microbiota components, calprotectin and IgA. Nasal swabs were taken for analysis of eosinophils.RESULTS： The pollen season induced a reduction in Bifldobacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides which could not be prevented by the probiotic intervention. During the intervention, significantly higher numbers ofB. lactis 11.2 × 10^7 ± 4.2 ×10^7 vs 0.1 × 10^7 ± 0.1 × 10^7 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） and L. acidophilus NCFMTM 3.5 × 10^6 ± 1.3 × 10^6 vs 0.2 × 10^6 ±0.1 × 10^6 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） were observed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group.During May, there was a tendency for fewer subjects, （76.2% vs 95.2%, P = 0.078） to report runny nose, while during June, fewer subjects, 11.1% vs 33.3%, reported nasal blocking in the probiotics group （P = 0.101）. Concomitantly, fewer subjects in the probiotic group had infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared to the placebo group, 57.1% vs 95% （P = 0.013）. Eye symptoms tended to be slightly more frequent in the probiotic group, 12.5 d [interquartile range （IQR） 6-18] vs 7.5 d （IQR 0-11.5） （P = 0.066） during May. Fecal IgA was increased in the placebo group during the pollen season; this increase was prevented by the probiotics （P = 0.028）. CONCLUSION： Birch pollen allergy was shown to be associated with changes in fecal microbiota composition.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONBifidobacteria are physiologically beneficial bacteria which are perdominant in human intestine ,and possess the most important functions .They play an important role in maintaining microbial balance of th...INTRODUCTIONBifidobacteria are physiologically beneficial bacteria which are perdominant in human intestine ,and possess the most important functions .They play an important role in maintaining microbial balance of the intestine .Furthermore , their presence is thought to be an important indication of health of the body [1-4].Whole peptidoglycan ( WPG) is the major component in the cell wall of bifidobacterium ,which is also a biological responsemodifier with nontoxic side dffcets.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The blood irrigate flow obstruction,especially thegastrointestinal(GI)ischemia,is the main factorof the damage to the digestive tract caused byserious burns.The effect of GI ischemia on thewhole body is e...INTRODUCTION The blood irrigate flow obstruction,especially thegastrointestinal(GI)ischemia,is the main factorof the damage to the digestive tract caused byserious burns.The effect of GI ischemia on thewhole body is extensive and profound,which notonly causes the increase of intestinal permeabilityand the movement of bacteria and toxin in theintestinal cavity,but releases a large quantity ofinflammatory media.Neuroendocrine element展开更多
INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin recepto...INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin receptor (ETR).A great number ofexperiments have shown that three distinctcomplementary DNAs of ETR have been identifiedi.e.,endothelin A receptor(ET_A receptor),endothelin B receptor(ET_B receptor)展开更多
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The mucosal epithelium of the alimentary tract constitutes a key element of the mucosal barrier to a broad spectrum of deleterious substances present within the intestinal lumen including bacterial microorganisms, various dietary factors, gastrointestinal secretory products and drugs. In addition, this mucosal barrier can be disturbed in the course of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases. Fortunately, the integrity of the gastrointestinal surface epithelium is rapidly reestablished even after extensive destruction. Rapid resealing of the epithelial barrier following injuries is accomplished by a process termed epithelial restitution, followed by more delayed mechanisms of epithelial wound healing including increased epithelial cell proliferation and epithelial cell differentiation. Restitution of the intestinal surface epithelium is modulated by a range of highly divergent factors among them a broad spectrum of structurally distinct regulatory peptides, variously described as growth factors or cytokines. Several regulatory peptide factors act from the basolateral site of the epithelial surface and enhance epithelial cell restitution through TGF-13-dependent pathways. In contrast, members of the trefoil factor family （TFF peptides） appear to stimulate epithelial restitution in conjunction with mucin glycoproteins through a TGF-13-independent mechanism from the apical site of the intestinal epithelium. In addition, a number of other peptide molecules like extracellular matrix factors and blood clotting factors and also non- peptide molecules including phospholipids~ short-chain fatty acids （SCFA）, adenine nucleotides, trace elements and pharmacological agents modulate intestinal epithelial repair mechanisms. Repeated damage and injury of the intestinal surface are key features of various intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and require constant repair of the epi
文摘AIM To investigate the potential role of intestinal microflora barrier in the pathogenesis of pancreatic infection. METHODS Fifteen dogs were colonized with a strain of E.coli JM109 bearing ampicillin resistance plasmid PUC18. The animals were divided into two groups. In experimental group ( n =8), acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) was induced by injection of 0 5ml/kg of sodium tarocholate with 3000U/kg trypsin into the pancreatic duct. The control group ( n =7) underwent laparotomy only. All animals were sacrificed 7 days later. Mucosal and luminal microflora of intestine were analyzed quantitatively, and various organs were harvested for culturing, blood samples were obtained for determination of serum amylase activities and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations. RESULTS In the experimental group, the number of E.coli in the intestine was much higher than those of the controls, while bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were decreased significantly (jejunum, 1 75±0 95 vs 2 35±0 79, P <0 05; 1 13±0 8 vs 1 83±0 64, P <0 05; ileum, 2 89±0 86 vs 3 87±1 05, P <0 05; 1 78±0 79 vs 3 79±1 11, P <0 01; cecum, 2 70±0 88 vs 4 89±0 87, P <001; 2 81±0 73 vs 3 24±0 84, P <0 05. Content of cecum, 3 06±0 87 vs 5 15±1 44, P <0 01; 2 67±0 61 vs 4 25±0 81, P <0 01), resulting in reversal of bifido bacterium/ E.coli ratio as compared with the control group (jejunum, 0 51±0 76 vs 1 23±0 53, P <0 05; ileum, 0 62±0 68 vs 1 16±0 32, P <0 05; cecum, 0 46±0 44 vs 1 03±0 64, P <0 05). In addition, intestinal bacteria were isolated from organs of all animals in the experimental group, and JM109 was also detected in most cases. Positive blood culture was 75 0% and 62 5% on day 1 and 2 after induction of ANP, respectively, but no bacterium was found in the controls. As compared with the control group, blood LPS levels and serum amylase activities in
文摘AIM： To investigate whether birch pollen allergy symptoms are linked with gut microbiota changes and whether probiotics have an effect on these. METHODS： Forty seven children with confirmed birch pollen allergy were randomized to receive either a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus （L. acidophilus） NCFM^TM （ATCC 700396） and Bifidobacterium lactis （B. lactis） BI-04 （ATCC SD5219） or placebo in a double-blind manner for 4 mo, starting prior to onset of the birch pollen season. Symptoms were recorded in a diary. Blood samples were taken for analysis of cytokines and eosinophils. Fecal samples were analysed for microbiota components, calprotectin and IgA. Nasal swabs were taken for analysis of eosinophils.RESULTS： The pollen season induced a reduction in Bifldobacterium , Clostridium and Bacteroides which could not be prevented by the probiotic intervention. During the intervention, significantly higher numbers ofB. lactis 11.2 × 10^7 ± 4.2 ×10^7 vs 0.1 × 10^7 ± 0.1 × 10^7 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） and L. acidophilus NCFMTM 3.5 × 10^6 ± 1.3 × 10^6 vs 0.2 × 10^6 ±0.1 × 10^6 bacteria/g feces （P 〈 0.0001） were observed in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group.During May, there was a tendency for fewer subjects, （76.2% vs 95.2%, P = 0.078） to report runny nose, while during June, fewer subjects, 11.1% vs 33.3%, reported nasal blocking in the probiotics group （P = 0.101）. Concomitantly, fewer subjects in the probiotic group had infiltration of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared to the placebo group, 57.1% vs 95% （P = 0.013）. Eye symptoms tended to be slightly more frequent in the probiotic group, 12.5 d [interquartile range （IQR） 6-18] vs 7.5 d （IQR 0-11.5） （P = 0.066） during May. Fecal IgA was increased in the placebo group during the pollen season; this increase was prevented by the probiotics （P = 0.028）. CONCLUSION： Birch pollen allergy was shown to be associated with changes in fecal microbiota composition.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.994066
文摘INTRODUCTIONBifidobacteria are physiologically beneficial bacteria which are perdominant in human intestine ,and possess the most important functions .They play an important role in maintaining microbial balance of the intestine .Furthermore , their presence is thought to be an important indication of health of the body [1-4].Whole peptidoglycan ( WPG) is the major component in the cell wall of bifidobacterium ,which is also a biological responsemodifier with nontoxic side dffcets.
文摘INTRODUCTION The blood irrigate flow obstruction,especially thegastrointestinal(GI)ischemia,is the main factorof the damage to the digestive tract caused byserious burns.The effect of GI ischemia on thewhole body is extensive and profound,which notonly causes the increase of intestinal permeabilityand the movement of bacteria and toxin in theintestinal cavity,but releases a large quantity ofinflammatory media.Neuroendocrine element
文摘INTRODUCTIONEndothelins(ETs) has a potent and sustainedvasoconstrictive effect on a variety of blood vessels.The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)is thetarget for ETs.VSMC of the whole body containsendothelin receptor (ETR).A great number ofexperiments have shown that three distinctcomplementary DNAs of ETR have been identifiedi.e.,endothelin A receptor(ET_A receptor),endothelin B receptor(ET_B receptor)
