AIM To determine whether oral glutathione(GSH)administration can alleviate the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups.One group was fe...AIM To determine whether oral glutathione(GSH)administration can alleviate the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups.One group was fed ad libitum,another was fed ad libitum and received oral GSH,and six groups were administrated saline(SA)or GSH orally during fasting.Mucosal height,apoptosis,and cell proliferation in the jejunum were histologically evaluated.i NOS protein expression(by immunohistochemistry),nitrite levels(by high performance liquid chromatography,as a measure of NO production),8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation(by ELISA,indicating ROS levels),glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)ratio(by enzymatic colorimetric detection),andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(Ggt1)mR NA levels in the jejunum(by semi-quantitative RT-PCR)were also estimated. RESULTS O r a l G S H a d m i n i s t r a t i o n w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d t o drastically reduce fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the jejunum.In particular,jejunal mucosal height was enhanced in GSH-treated animals compared to SA-treated animals[527.2±6.9 for 50 mg/kg GSH,567.6±5.4 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 483.1±4.9(μm),P<0.01at 72 h].This effect was consistent with decreasing changes in GSH-treated animals compared to SA-treated animals for iN OS protein staining[0.337±0.016for 50 mg/kg GSH,0.317±0.017 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 0.430±0.023(area of staining part/area of tissue),P<0.01 at 72 h]and NO[2.99±0.29 for 50 mg/kg GSH,2.88±0.19 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 5.34±0.35(nmol/g tissue),P<0.01 at 72 h]and ROS[3.92±0.46for 50 mg/kg GSH,4.58±0.29 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs6.42±0.52(8-OHdG pg/μg DNA),P<0.01,P<0.05at 72 h,respectively]levels as apoptosis mediators in the jejunum.Furthermore,oral GSH administration attenuated cell proliferation decreases in the fasting jejunum[182.5±1.9 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 155.8±3.4(5-Brd U positive cells/10 crypts),P<0.01 at 72h].Notably,both GSH concentration and Ggt1 m RNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral adm展开更多
通过分析家蚕自幼虫期到蛹期发育过程中肠上皮细胞的增殖与分化情况,鉴定家蚕中肠干细胞的潜在定位。采用苏木精和伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,H&E)染色与4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色...通过分析家蚕自幼虫期到蛹期发育过程中肠上皮细胞的增殖与分化情况,鉴定家蚕中肠干细胞的潜在定位。采用苏木精和伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,H&E)染色与4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色追踪变态和发育时期家蚕中肠的形态结构及细胞组成变化,结果显示,幼虫经历蜕皮及变态时,中肠形态结构以及中肠上皮细胞组成均发生明显变化:在幼虫每个龄期的盛食期肠壁较薄,眠前期(蜕皮前)明显变厚,至眠期其厚度达到峰值;中肠上皮层存在柱状细胞(CC)、杯状细胞(GC)和再生细胞(RC)3种细胞,3种类型细胞随龄期逐渐增多,其中各龄期柱状细胞持续增多,至眠期达到峰值,靠近基底膜的小细胞在眠前期增多。利用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine,BrdU)和磷酸化组蛋白(Phospho-histone H3,PHH3)免疫荧光染色检测到中肠上皮细胞,尤其是中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处的小细胞在幼虫各龄眠前期的增殖率最高。同时通过BrdU滞留标记实验在中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处发现了BrdU滞留阳性信号。研究结果发现家蚕幼虫蜕皮时中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处的小细胞发生快速增殖,推测这些小细胞中存在着潜在的家蚕中肠干细胞。展开更多
Background: Polyamines are essential for cell growth and beneficial for intestinal maturation. To evaluate the effects of putrescine on alleviating intestinal atrophy and underlying molecular mechanisms, both in vivo ...Background: Polyamines are essential for cell growth and beneficial for intestinal maturation. To evaluate the effects of putrescine on alleviating intestinal atrophy and underlying molecular mechanisms, both in vivo feeding trial and in vitro cell culture were conducted. Weanling pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 0.1%, 0.2% or0.3% putrescine dihydrochloride, whereas porcine intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the presence of 200 μmol/L putrescine.Results: Dietary supplementation with 0.2% putrescine dihydrochloride decreased the incidence of diarrhea with an improvement in intestinal integrity. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity decreased the proliferation and migration of IPEC-J2 cells, and this effect was alleviated by the supplementation with putrescine. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase was enhanced by putrescine. LPS increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6) and IL-8],and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding exogenous putrescine suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and recovered cell migration and proliferation in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Dietary putrescine supplementation also reduced the m RNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and their upstream regulator nuclear receptor kappa B p65 subunit in the jejunal mucosa of piglets.Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with putrescine mitigated mucosal atrophy in weanling piglets through improving anti-inflammatory function and suppressing inflammatory response. Our results have important implications for nutritional management of intestinal integrity and health in weanling piglets and other neonates.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an incurable and highly complex digestive disease affecting millions of people worldwide.Compared to the current therapeutic drugs,bioactive peptides are more promising and safe substances as ...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an incurable and highly complex digestive disease affecting millions of people worldwide.Compared to the current therapeutic drugs,bioactive peptides are more promising and safe substances as functional foods or drugs for the prevention and treatment of UC.The alcohol-soluble components from fermentation broth by fresh wheat germ and apple(AC-WGAF)were found to be effective in UC prevention in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice in vivo.Herein,4 novel peptides are identifi ed from AC-WGAF by membrane ultrafi ltration,recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography,and matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-fl ight/time-of-fl ight mass spectrometry,possessing anticolitis activity via using an in vitro model.One of those peptides named T24(PVLGPVRGPFPLL)exhibited the most remarkable anti-colitis activity by preventing tight junction protein loss,maintaining epithelial barrier integrity,and promoting cell proliferation during in vitro and in vivo studies by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.Thus,T24 is a promising peptide as a functional food or novel drug for UC prevention and treatment.展开更多
目的探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)及其特异性受体CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)对大肠癌细胞SW480增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响及意义。方法取对数生长期大肠癌细胞SW480分为对照组(未经任何处理)、SDF-1组(加入100μg/L SDF-1)、SDF-1+AMD3...目的探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)及其特异性受体CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)对大肠癌细胞SW480增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响及意义。方法取对数生长期大肠癌细胞SW480分为对照组(未经任何处理)、SDF-1组(加入100μg/L SDF-1)、SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(向细胞中加入1 mg/L AMD3100,孵育2 h后加入100μg/LSDF-1)、AMD3100组(加入1 mg/L AMD3100)。免疫组化法检测SW480细胞中CXCR4蛋白表达情况;RT-PCR法检测SW480细胞中CXCR4 m RNA的表达情况,以及外源性SDF-1和AMD3100作用后CXCR4 m RNA表达水平的变化;MTT增殖实验、Transwell迁移及侵袭实验分别检测SDF-1以及AMD3100对SW480细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果 SW480细胞中CXCR4蛋白呈阳性表达(阳性率80%)。SW480细胞中有CXCR4 m RNA的表达,100μg/LSDF-1促使CXCR4 m RNA表达水平进一步上调,且能被1 mg/L AMD3100阻断。SDF-1组细胞增殖活性(0.847±0.039)高于对照组(0.624±0.011)和SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(0.607±0.016),AMD3100组(0.456±0.032)低于对照组和SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(F=108.030,P<0.05)。Transwell小室迁移及侵袭实验中SDF-1组穿膜细胞数(个:98.7±5.8、33.7±6.2)均多于对照组(21.0±2.2、6.1±2.3)、SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(18.5±8.4、8.5±2.8)和AMD3100组(12.1±3.2、2.1±1.0),后3组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论 SDF-1/CXCR4生物轴可促进大肠癌细胞SW480的增殖、迁移及侵袭。展开更多
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis plays an important role in intestinal morphology and function.However,the developmental changes in intestinal epithelial cell turnover in piglets during early weaning are unknown so f...Intestinal epithelial homeostasis plays an important role in intestinal morphology and function.However,the developmental changes in intestinal epithelial cell turnover in piglets during early weaning are unknown so far.Thus,the aim of this work was to detect changes in piglet gut development from weaning to post-weaning d 14.Accordingly,40 piglets were used in the present study,and 8 piglets were randomly selected for sampling at d 0,1,3,7 and 14 post-weaning,respectively.The results showed that weaning stress significantly affected small intestinal morphological architecture,and this impact was the worst on d 3,and then returned to normal on d 14.Furthermore,the number of the marker of proliferation Ki-67(Ki67)positive cells was decreased on d 1 and 3,and then recovered on d 14(P<0.001).Also,weaning strikingly increased jejunal epithelial cell shedding on d 1 to 7 compared on d 0(P<0.05).Moreover,weaning remarkably affected the number of small intestinal enterocytes,goblets and endocrine cells(P<0.05),and there were also significant differences in genes expression related to proliferation and differentiation(P<0.05).Additionally,the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)phosphorylation level was higher on d 3(P<0.05).However,the Wingless/Int1(WNT)/b-catenin pathway was not influenced by post-weaning days.Taken together,weaning induced noteworthy changes in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation,differentiation and shedding,and the mTOR signaling pathway was involved in this process.Our findings provide a cellular mechanism for intestinal developmental changes during weaning periods.This may provide nutritionists with better insight into designing efficient in-feed alternatives for preventing the unfavorable gut development in weaning piglets.展开更多
基金Supported by Kyowa Hakko Bio Co.,Ltd.to Uchida H
文摘AIM To determine whether oral glutathione(GSH)administration can alleviate the effects of fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa. METHODS Rats were divided into eight groups.One group was fed ad libitum,another was fed ad libitum and received oral GSH,and six groups were administrated saline(SA)or GSH orally during fasting.Mucosal height,apoptosis,and cell proliferation in the jejunum were histologically evaluated.i NOS protein expression(by immunohistochemistry),nitrite levels(by high performance liquid chromatography,as a measure of NO production),8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation(by ELISA,indicating ROS levels),glutathione/oxidized glutathione(GSH/GSSG)ratio(by enzymatic colorimetric detection),andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(Ggt1)mR NA levels in the jejunum(by semi-quantitative RT-PCR)were also estimated. RESULTS O r a l G S H a d m i n i s t r a t i o n w a s d e m o n s t r a t e d t o drastically reduce fasting-induced intestinal atrophy in the jejunum.In particular,jejunal mucosal height was enhanced in GSH-treated animals compared to SA-treated animals[527.2±6.9 for 50 mg/kg GSH,567.6±5.4 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 483.1±4.9(μm),P<0.01at 72 h].This effect was consistent with decreasing changes in GSH-treated animals compared to SA-treated animals for iN OS protein staining[0.337±0.016for 50 mg/kg GSH,0.317±0.017 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 0.430±0.023(area of staining part/area of tissue),P<0.01 at 72 h]and NO[2.99±0.29 for 50 mg/kg GSH,2.88±0.19 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 5.34±0.35(nmol/g tissue),P<0.01 at 72 h]and ROS[3.92±0.46for 50 mg/kg GSH,4.58±0.29 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs6.42±0.52(8-OHdG pg/μg DNA),P<0.01,P<0.05at 72 h,respectively]levels as apoptosis mediators in the jejunum.Furthermore,oral GSH administration attenuated cell proliferation decreases in the fasting jejunum[182.5±1.9 for 500 mg/kg GSH vs 155.8±3.4(5-Brd U positive cells/10 crypts),P<0.01 at 72h].Notably,both GSH concentration and Ggt1 m RNA expression in the jejunum were also attenuated in rats following oral adm
文摘通过分析家蚕自幼虫期到蛹期发育过程中肠上皮细胞的增殖与分化情况,鉴定家蚕中肠干细胞的潜在定位。采用苏木精和伊红(Hematoxylin and Eosin,H&E)染色与4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,DAPI)染色追踪变态和发育时期家蚕中肠的形态结构及细胞组成变化,结果显示,幼虫经历蜕皮及变态时,中肠形态结构以及中肠上皮细胞组成均发生明显变化:在幼虫每个龄期的盛食期肠壁较薄,眠前期(蜕皮前)明显变厚,至眠期其厚度达到峰值;中肠上皮层存在柱状细胞(CC)、杯状细胞(GC)和再生细胞(RC)3种细胞,3种类型细胞随龄期逐渐增多,其中各龄期柱状细胞持续增多,至眠期达到峰值,靠近基底膜的小细胞在眠前期增多。利用5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-Bromo-2-deoxyUridine,BrdU)和磷酸化组蛋白(Phospho-histone H3,PHH3)免疫荧光染色检测到中肠上皮细胞,尤其是中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处的小细胞在幼虫各龄眠前期的增殖率最高。同时通过BrdU滞留标记实验在中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处发现了BrdU滞留阳性信号。研究结果发现家蚕幼虫蜕皮时中肠上皮层靠近基底膜处的小细胞发生快速增殖,推测这些小细胞中存在着潜在的家蚕中肠干细胞。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672438)the Elite Youth Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(to XL)Texas A&M Agri Life Research H-8200(to GW)
文摘Background: Polyamines are essential for cell growth and beneficial for intestinal maturation. To evaluate the effects of putrescine on alleviating intestinal atrophy and underlying molecular mechanisms, both in vivo feeding trial and in vitro cell culture were conducted. Weanling pigs were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 0.1%, 0.2% or0.3% putrescine dihydrochloride, whereas porcine intestinal epithelial cells(IPEC-J2) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the presence of 200 μmol/L putrescine.Results: Dietary supplementation with 0.2% putrescine dihydrochloride decreased the incidence of diarrhea with an improvement in intestinal integrity. Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity decreased the proliferation and migration of IPEC-J2 cells, and this effect was alleviated by the supplementation with putrescine. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase was enhanced by putrescine. LPS increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6) and IL-8],and inhibited cell proliferation and migration in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding exogenous putrescine suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and recovered cell migration and proliferation in LPS-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Dietary putrescine supplementation also reduced the m RNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 and their upstream regulator nuclear receptor kappa B p65 subunit in the jejunal mucosa of piglets.Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with putrescine mitigated mucosal atrophy in weanling piglets through improving anti-inflammatory function and suppressing inflammatory response. Our results have important implications for nutritional management of intestinal integrity and health in weanling piglets and other neonates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(2016YFD0400203-4)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)。
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an incurable and highly complex digestive disease affecting millions of people worldwide.Compared to the current therapeutic drugs,bioactive peptides are more promising and safe substances as functional foods or drugs for the prevention and treatment of UC.The alcohol-soluble components from fermentation broth by fresh wheat germ and apple(AC-WGAF)were found to be effective in UC prevention in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice in vivo.Herein,4 novel peptides are identifi ed from AC-WGAF by membrane ultrafi ltration,recycling preparative high-performance liquid chromatography,and matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-fl ight/time-of-fl ight mass spectrometry,possessing anticolitis activity via using an in vitro model.One of those peptides named T24(PVLGPVRGPFPLL)exhibited the most remarkable anti-colitis activity by preventing tight junction protein loss,maintaining epithelial barrier integrity,and promoting cell proliferation during in vitro and in vivo studies by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.Thus,T24 is a promising peptide as a functional food or novel drug for UC prevention and treatment.
文摘目的探讨基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)及其特异性受体CXC趋化因子受体4(CXCR4)对大肠癌细胞SW480增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响及意义。方法取对数生长期大肠癌细胞SW480分为对照组(未经任何处理)、SDF-1组(加入100μg/L SDF-1)、SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(向细胞中加入1 mg/L AMD3100,孵育2 h后加入100μg/LSDF-1)、AMD3100组(加入1 mg/L AMD3100)。免疫组化法检测SW480细胞中CXCR4蛋白表达情况;RT-PCR法检测SW480细胞中CXCR4 m RNA的表达情况,以及外源性SDF-1和AMD3100作用后CXCR4 m RNA表达水平的变化;MTT增殖实验、Transwell迁移及侵袭实验分别检测SDF-1以及AMD3100对SW480细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果 SW480细胞中CXCR4蛋白呈阳性表达(阳性率80%)。SW480细胞中有CXCR4 m RNA的表达,100μg/LSDF-1促使CXCR4 m RNA表达水平进一步上调,且能被1 mg/L AMD3100阻断。SDF-1组细胞增殖活性(0.847±0.039)高于对照组(0.624±0.011)和SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(0.607±0.016),AMD3100组(0.456±0.032)低于对照组和SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(F=108.030,P<0.05)。Transwell小室迁移及侵袭实验中SDF-1组穿膜细胞数(个:98.7±5.8、33.7±6.2)均多于对照组(21.0±2.2、6.1±2.3)、SDF-1+AMD3100混合组(18.5±8.4、8.5±2.8)和AMD3100组(12.1±3.2、2.1±1.0),后3组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论 SDF-1/CXCR4生物轴可促进大肠癌细胞SW480的增殖、迁移及侵袭。
基金the Hunan Province’s Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone projects(Grant No.2017XK2058).
文摘Intestinal epithelial homeostasis plays an important role in intestinal morphology and function.However,the developmental changes in intestinal epithelial cell turnover in piglets during early weaning are unknown so far.Thus,the aim of this work was to detect changes in piglet gut development from weaning to post-weaning d 14.Accordingly,40 piglets were used in the present study,and 8 piglets were randomly selected for sampling at d 0,1,3,7 and 14 post-weaning,respectively.The results showed that weaning stress significantly affected small intestinal morphological architecture,and this impact was the worst on d 3,and then returned to normal on d 14.Furthermore,the number of the marker of proliferation Ki-67(Ki67)positive cells was decreased on d 1 and 3,and then recovered on d 14(P<0.001).Also,weaning strikingly increased jejunal epithelial cell shedding on d 1 to 7 compared on d 0(P<0.05).Moreover,weaning remarkably affected the number of small intestinal enterocytes,goblets and endocrine cells(P<0.05),and there were also significant differences in genes expression related to proliferation and differentiation(P<0.05).Additionally,the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)phosphorylation level was higher on d 3(P<0.05).However,the Wingless/Int1(WNT)/b-catenin pathway was not influenced by post-weaning days.Taken together,weaning induced noteworthy changes in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation,differentiation and shedding,and the mTOR signaling pathway was involved in this process.Our findings provide a cellular mechanism for intestinal developmental changes during weaning periods.This may provide nutritionists with better insight into designing efficient in-feed alternatives for preventing the unfavorable gut development in weaning piglets.
