Qi, blood and the meridians are fundamental concepts in Chinese medicine（CM）, which are components of the human body and maintain physiological function. Pathological changes of qi, blood and meridians may lead to d...Qi, blood and the meridians are fundamental concepts in Chinese medicine（CM）, which are components of the human body and maintain physiological function. Pathological changes of qi, blood and meridians may lead to discomfort and disease. Treatment with acupuncture or herbal medicine aims to regulate qi and blood so as to recover normal function of the meridians. This paper explores the nature of qi as well as compares and correlates them with the structures of the human body. We propose a conceptualization of qi as being similar to the interstitial fluid, and the meridians as being similar to interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance in the body. Hence, qi running in the meridians can be understood as interstitial fluid flowing via interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance.展开更多
Brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space are closely related to waste clearance from the brain. Different anesthetics may cause different changes of brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular...Brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space are closely related to waste clearance from the brain. Different anesthetics may cause different changes of brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space but these still remain unknown. Herein,effects of the inhalational isoflurane, intravenous sedative dexmedetomidine and pentobarbital sodium on deep brain matters’ interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space and underlying mechanisms were investigated. When compared to intravenous anesthetic dexmedetomidine or pentobarbital sodium, inhalational isoflurane induced a restricted diffusion of extracellular space, a decreased extracellular space volume fraction, and an increased norepinephrine level in the caudate nucleus or thalamus with the slowdown of brain interstitial fluid drainage. A local administration of norepinephrine receptor antagonists, propranolol,atipamezole and prazosin into extracellular space increased diffusion of extracellular space and interstitial fluid drainage whilst norepinephrine decreased diffusion of extracellular space and interstitial fluid drainage. These findings suggested that restricted diffusion in brain extracellular space can cause slowdown of interstitial fluid drainage, which may contribute to the neurotoxicity following the waste accumulation in extracellular space under inhaled anesthesia per se.展开更多
The interstitial space, a widespread fluid-filled compartment throughout the body, is related to many pathophysiological alterations and diseases, attracting increasing attention. The vital role of interstitial space ...The interstitial space, a widespread fluid-filled compartment throughout the body, is related to many pathophysiological alterations and diseases, attracting increasing attention. The vital role of interstitial space in malaria infection and treatment has been neglected current research efforts. We confirmed the reinfection capacity of parasites sequestrated in interstitial space, which replenish the mechanism of recurrence. Malaria parasite-infected mice were treated with artemisinin-loaded liposomes through the interstitial space and exhibited a better therapeutic response. Notably, compared with oral administration, interstitial administration showed an unexpectedly high activation and recruitment of immune cells, and resulted in better clearance of sequestered parasites from organs, and enhanced pathological recovery. The interstitial route of administration prolongs the blood circulation time of artemisinin and increases its plasma concentration, and may compensate for the inefficiency of oral administration and the nanotoxicity of intravenous administration, providing a potential strategy for infectious disease therapy.展开更多
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters and automatically assembled into densely aligned bundles prepared by a bulky yield and high purity were applied as hydrogen absorbant at room temperature under mode...Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters and automatically assembled into densely aligned bundles prepared by a bulky yield and high purity were applied as hydrogen absorbant at room temperature under moderate pressure to absorb H_2. Both the surface of nanotubes and the interstitial space among tubes are possible sites for hydrogen molecules to adhere. The hydrogen uptake capacity is 0.82% (mass)and the interstitial position is considered as a promising site for hydrogen absorption.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2015CB554502)ENN Group Research Project(No.20160013)
文摘Qi, blood and the meridians are fundamental concepts in Chinese medicine（CM）, which are components of the human body and maintain physiological function. Pathological changes of qi, blood and meridians may lead to discomfort and disease. Treatment with acupuncture or herbal medicine aims to regulate qi and blood so as to recover normal function of the meridians. This paper explores the nature of qi as well as compares and correlates them with the structures of the human body. We propose a conceptualization of qi as being similar to the interstitial fluid, and the meridians as being similar to interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance in the body. Hence, qi running in the meridians can be understood as interstitial fluid flowing via interstitial space of low hydraulic resistance.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project(61827808)the National Key Basic Research Program(973 Program,2015CB856402)+2 种基金Beijing Brain Initiative of Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z181100001518004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81872051)Peking University Clinical Scientist Program(BMU2019LCKXJ007)。
文摘Brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space are closely related to waste clearance from the brain. Different anesthetics may cause different changes of brain interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space but these still remain unknown. Herein,effects of the inhalational isoflurane, intravenous sedative dexmedetomidine and pentobarbital sodium on deep brain matters’ interstitial fluid drainage and extracellular space and underlying mechanisms were investigated. When compared to intravenous anesthetic dexmedetomidine or pentobarbital sodium, inhalational isoflurane induced a restricted diffusion of extracellular space, a decreased extracellular space volume fraction, and an increased norepinephrine level in the caudate nucleus or thalamus with the slowdown of brain interstitial fluid drainage. A local administration of norepinephrine receptor antagonists, propranolol,atipamezole and prazosin into extracellular space increased diffusion of extracellular space and interstitial fluid drainage whilst norepinephrine decreased diffusion of extracellular space and interstitial fluid drainage. These findings suggested that restricted diffusion in brain extracellular space can cause slowdown of interstitial fluid drainage, which may contribute to the neurotoxicity following the waste accumulation in extracellular space under inhaled anesthesia per se.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81641002.81841001 and 31971245)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-SLH036).
文摘The interstitial space, a widespread fluid-filled compartment throughout the body, is related to many pathophysiological alterations and diseases, attracting increasing attention. The vital role of interstitial space in malaria infection and treatment has been neglected current research efforts. We confirmed the reinfection capacity of parasites sequestrated in interstitial space, which replenish the mechanism of recurrence. Malaria parasite-infected mice were treated with artemisinin-loaded liposomes through the interstitial space and exhibited a better therapeutic response. Notably, compared with oral administration, interstitial administration showed an unexpectedly high activation and recruitment of immune cells, and resulted in better clearance of sequestered parasites from organs, and enhanced pathological recovery. The interstitial route of administration prolongs the blood circulation time of artemisinin and increases its plasma concentration, and may compensate for the inefficiency of oral administration and the nanotoxicity of intravenous administration, providing a potential strategy for infectious disease therapy.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Major States Basic Research Project (No. TG20000264-06) of MOST, China
文摘Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with uniform diameters and automatically assembled into densely aligned bundles prepared by a bulky yield and high purity were applied as hydrogen absorbant at room temperature under moderate pressure to absorb H_2. Both the surface of nanotubes and the interstitial space among tubes are possible sites for hydrogen molecules to adhere. The hydrogen uptake capacity is 0.82% (mass)and the interstitial position is considered as a promising site for hydrogen absorption.
