RAPD technique was used to detect the genetic relationship among seven Betula species.233 loci in total were amplified by using 14 random primers.The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 12.02% to 36.91%,in whic...RAPD technique was used to detect the genetic relationship among seven Betula species.233 loci in total were amplified by using 14 random primers.The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 12.02% to 36.91%,in which B.costata had the highest variation level.The dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed on the basis of the genetic distances among species.According to genetic distance in more than 1.22,six species were clustered into two groups,where B.fruticosal was one group and others,including B.davurica,B.pendula,B.platyphylla,B.schmidtii and B.costata, were grouped together.It indicated that the result of genetic relationship obtained by RAPD technique was closely consistent with that classified by traditional morphological classification.The analysis of genetic relationship among Betula species would validly guide the parental selection and interspecies crossing for Betula species.展开更多
The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them...The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them into enucleated rabbit eggs. All the three kinds of somatic cells were able to reprogram in rabbit ooplasm and support early embryo development, of which mammary gland cells were proven to be the best, followed by uterus epithelial cells and skeletal muscle cells. The experiments showed that direct injection of mammary gland cell into enucleated rabbit ooplasm, combined with in vivo development in ligated rabbit oviduct, achieved higher blastocyst development than in vitro culture after the somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space and fused with the enucleated egg by electrical stimulation. The chromosome analysis demonstrated that the genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that in panda somatic cells. In addition, giant panda mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was shown to exist in the interspecies reconstructed blastocyst. The data suggest that (i) the ability of ooplasm to dedifferentiate somatic cells is not species-specific; (ii) there is compatibility between interspecies somatic nucleus and ooplasm during early development of the reconstructed egg.展开更多
Long-term endemicity of avian H5N1 influenza virus in poultry and continuous sporadic human infections in several countries has raised the concern of another potential pandemic influenza. Suspicion of the avian origin...Long-term endemicity of avian H5N1 influenza virus in poultry and continuous sporadic human infections in several countries has raised the concern of another potential pandemic influenza. Suspicion of the avian origin of the previous pandemics results in the close investigation of the mechanism of interspecies transmission. Entry and fusion is the first step for the H5N1 influenza virus to get into the host cells affecting the host ranges. Therefore receptor usage study has been a major focus for the last few years. We now know the difference of the sialic acid structures and distributions in different species, even in the different parts of the same host. Many host factors interacting with the influenza virus component proteins have been identified and their role in the host range expansion and interspecies transmission is under detailed scrutiny. Here we review current progress in the receptor usage and host factors.展开更多
Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other s...Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient. Community formation in biofihns in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin Gy and images are captured by confocal microscopy. Early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review of interspecies interactions in saliva as a critical genus that guides the development of multispecies communities. Highly selective interspecies recognition is evident as initial colonizers pair with early and middle colonizers to form multispecies communities that grow on saliva.展开更多
Messenger RNA-like non-coding RNAs （mlncRNAs） are a newly identified group of non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） that may be involved in a number of critical cellular events. In this study, 93 candidate porcine mlncRNAs wer...Messenger RNA-like non-coding RNAs （mlncRNAs） are a newly identified group of non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） that may be involved in a number of critical cellular events. In this study, 93 candidate porcine mlncRNAs were obtained by computational prediction and screening, among which 72 were mapped to the porcine genome. Further analysis of 8 representative candidates revealed that these mlncRNA candidates are not highly conserved among species. Remarkably, one of the candidates, sTF35495, was found to be precursor of a putative porcine microRNA. By RACE PCR, we determined that the full length of sTF35495 was 3 kb. The protein-coding potential of this RNA was tested in silico with no significant finding. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the subgroup of 8 candidates revealed two distinct expression profiles and two molecules were further validated by real-time PCR. The predicted pre-microRNA sequence in this study provides a potentially interesting insight into the in vivo function of porcine mlncRNAs and our findings suggest that they play key biological roles in Sus scrofa.展开更多
Microbial extracellular electron transfer(EET) is electron exchanges between the quinol/quinone pools in microbial cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular substrates. Microorganisms with EET capabilities are widespread...Microbial extracellular electron transfer(EET) is electron exchanges between the quinol/quinone pools in microbial cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular substrates. Microorganisms with EET capabilities are widespread in Earth hydrosphere, such as sediments of rivers, lakes and oceans, where they play crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling of key elements, including carbon,nitrogen, sulfur, iron and manganese. Over the past 12 years, significant progress has been made in mechanistic understanding of microbial EET at the molecular level. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the microbial ability for extracellular redox transformation of iron, direct interspecies electron transfer as well as long distance electron transfer mediated by the cable bacteria in the hydrosphere.展开更多
The network of microbial electron transfer can establish a syntrophic association of microbes by connecting interspecies metabolisms, and a variety of redox-active shuttles in environment have been proved to accelerat...The network of microbial electron transfer can establish a syntrophic association of microbes by connecting interspecies metabolisms, and a variety of redox-active shuttles in environment have been proved to accelerate the electron flow in a microbial community. Using humic substances as models, we investigated how different redox-active shuttles with different electrochemical properties influence interspecies electron transfer, and affect the shift of microbial communities. The co-culture of two species was constructed with supplements of humics, and the electron transfer between these two strains was found to be linked by humic acid with a wider window of redox potential and multi-peaks of redox reactions. Based on the shift of microbial composition, the humic substances with a wide potential window and multi-peaks of redox reactions for accepting and donating electrons could increase the biodiversity(Chao 1 and phylogenetic diversity) with a large extent. The mechanism by which redox-active shuttles mediate the microbial electron transfer network could facilitate our understanding of syntrophic interactions between microbes.展开更多
Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryo...Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryonic stage of development.Primate embryonic stem cells(ESCs),which have similar pluripotency to human ESCs,are a good model for studying interspecies chimerism and organ generation.However,whether primate ESCs can be used in xenogenous grafts remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the chimeric ability of cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis)ESCs(cmESCs)in pigs,which are excellent hosts because of their many similarities to humans.We report an optimized culture medium that enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of cmESCs and improved the development of chimeric embryos,in which domesticated cmESCs(D-ESCs)injected into pig blastocysts differentiated into cells of all three germ layers.In addition,we obtained two neonatal interspecies chimeras,in which we observed tissue-specific D-ESC differentiation.Taken together,the results demonstrate the capability of D-ESCs to integrate and differentiate into functional cells in a porcine model,with a chimeric ratio of 0.001-0.0001 in different neonate tissues.We believe this work will facilitate future developments in xenogeneic organogenesis,bringing us one step closer to producing tissue-specific functional cells and organs in a large animal model through interspecies blastocyst complementation.展开更多
reconstituted embryos were produced by nuclear transplantation using bovine ear fibroblasts at G 0 or non-G 0 stage as donor nuclei and oocytes collected from superovulated multiparous or young rabbits as recipi...reconstituted embryos were produced by nuclear transplantation using bovine ear fibroblasts at G 0 or non-G 0 stage as donor nuclei and oocytes collected from superovulated multiparous or young rabbits as recipients. After cultivation in two kinds of medium M199+10%FBS or RD+10%FBS, 112 of them developed to 2-cell stage (62.2%) and 26 to morula stage (14.4%) and 20 of them eventually developed to blastocyst stage (11.1%). There is no significant difference for the cleavage rates in two groups of reconstituted embryos derived from G 0 -stage and non-G 0 stage donor cells respectively. However, G 0-stage donor cells could result in higher rate of 8-cell16-cell stage embryos significantly (P<0.05), as well as higher rate of blastocysts (P<0.01). It seems that using two different culture systems had no significant effects on the cleavage rate, morula rate or blastocyst rate (P>0.05).展开更多
A method for DNA isolation from early development of blastocyst and further analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was developed in present study. Total DNA was prepared from interspecies reconstructed blastocyst a...A method for DNA isolation from early development of blastocyst and further analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was developed in present study. Total DNA was prepared from interspecies reconstructed blastocyst and a giant panda specific microsatellite locus g010 was successfully amplified. DNA sequencing of the PCR product showed that two sequences of reconstructed blastocysts are the same as that of positive control giant panda. Our results prove that the nucleus of interspecies reconstructed blastocyst comes from somatic nucleus of donor giant panda.展开更多
To improve anaerobic digestion(AD)efficiency of rice straw,solid alkaline CaO and the liquid fraction of digestate(LFD)were used as pretreatment agents of rice straw.The results showed that AD performance of rice stra...To improve anaerobic digestion(AD)efficiency of rice straw,solid alkaline CaO and the liquid fraction of digestate(LFD)were used as pretreatment agents of rice straw.The results showed that AD performance of rice straw with CaOLFD pretreatment was optimal in different pretreatment methods of the CaO+LFD,CaOLFD,LFD+CaO,CaO,and LFD.The maximum methane yield(314 ml(g VS)^(-1))and the highest VFAs concentration(14851 mg·L^(-1) on day 3)of the CaOLFD pretreatment group were 81%and 118%higher than that of the control group,respectively.Under the action of solid alkaline CaO,the bacteria of Clostridium,Atopostipes,Sphaerochaeta,Tissierella,Thiopseudomonas,Rikenellaceae,and Sedimentibacter could build up co-cultures with the archaeal of Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanosarcina performing direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)and improving AD performance of rice straw.Therefore,the combined pretreatment using CaO and LFD could not only pretreat rice straw but also stimulate co-cultures of microorganism to establish DIET enhancing AD efficiency.展开更多
Argonaute proteins generally play regulatory roles by forming complexes with the corresponding small RNAs(s RNAs).An expanded Argonaute family with 20 potentially functional members has been identified in Caenorhabdit...Argonaute proteins generally play regulatory roles by forming complexes with the corresponding small RNAs(s RNAs).An expanded Argonaute family with 20 potentially functional members has been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans.Canonical s RNAs in C.elegans are mi RNAs,small interfering RNAs including 22G-RNAs and 26G-RNAs,and 21U-RNAs,which are C.elegans pi RNAs.Previous studies have only covered some of these Argonautes for their s RNA partners,and thus,a systematic study is needed to reveal the comprehensive regulatory networks formed by C.elegans Argonautes and their associated s RNAs.We obtained in situ knockin(KI)strains of all C.elegans Argonautes with fusion tags by CRISPR/Cas9 technology.RNA immunoprecipitation against these endogenously expressed Argonautes and high-throughput sequencing acquired the s RNA profiles of individual Argonautes.The s RNA partners for each Argonaute were then analyzed.We found that there were 10Argonautes enriched mi RNAs,17 Argonautes bound to 22G-RNAs,8 Argonautes bound to 26G-RNAs,and 1 Argonaute PRG-1bound to pi RNAs.Uridylated 22G-RNAs were bound by four Argonautes HRDE-1,WAGO-4,CSR-1,and PPW-2.We found that all four Argonautes played a role in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.Regulatory roles of the corresponding Argonaute-s RNA complex in managing levels of long transcripts and interspecies regulation were also demonstrated.In this study,we portrayed the s RNAs bound to each functional Argonaute in C.elegans.Bioinformatics analyses together with experimental investigations provided perceptions in the overall view of the regulatory network formed by C.elegans Argonautes and s RNAs.The s RNA profiles bound to individual Argonautes reported here will be valuable resources for further studies.展开更多
Background:Synthetic microbial communities,with different strains brought together by balancing their nutrition and promoting their interactions,demonstrate great advantages for exploring complex performance of commun...Background:Synthetic microbial communities,with different strains brought together by balancing their nutrition and promoting their interactions,demonstrate great advantages for exploring complex performance of communities and for further biotechnology applications.The potential of such microbial communities has not been explored,due to our limited knowledge of the extremely complex microbial interactions that are involved in designing and controlling effective and stable communities.Results:Genome-scale metabolic models(GEM)have been demonstrated as an effective tool for predicting and guiding the investigation and design of microbial communities,since they can explicitly and efficiently predict the phenotype of organisms from their genotypic data and can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms of microbehabitats and microbe-microbe interactions.In this work,we reviewed two main categories of GEM-based approaches and three uses related to design of synthetic microbial communities:predicting multi-species interactions,exploring environmental impacts on microbial phenotypes,and optimizing community-level performance.Conclusions:Although at the infancy stage,GEM-based approaches exhibit an increasing scope of applications in designing synthetic microbial communities.Compared to other methods,especially the use of laboratory cultures,GEM-based approaches can greatly decrease the trial-and-error cost of various procedures for designing synthetic communities and improving their functionality,such as identifying community members,determining media composition,evaluating microbial interaction potential or selecting the best community configuration.Future efforts should be made to overcome the limitations of the approaches,ranging from quality control of GEM reconstructions to community-level modeling algorithms,so that more applications of GEMs in studying phenotypes of microbial communities can be expected.展开更多
Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supp...Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonqui-escent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6%) and electrical activation, 4.2% of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, i.e. blas-tomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial I, serial Ⅱ and serial Ⅲ were 79.5%, 84.1% and 78.0%, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups展开更多
文摘RAPD technique was used to detect the genetic relationship among seven Betula species.233 loci in total were amplified by using 14 random primers.The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 12.02% to 36.91%,in which B.costata had the highest variation level.The dendrogram of genetic relationship was constructed on the basis of the genetic distances among species.According to genetic distance in more than 1.22,six species were clustered into two groups,where B.fruticosal was one group and others,including B.davurica,B.pendula,B.platyphylla,B.schmidtii and B.costata, were grouped together.It indicated that the result of genetic relationship obtained by RAPD technique was closely consistent with that classified by traditional morphological classification.The analysis of genetic relationship among Betula species would validly guide the parental selection and interspecies crossing for Betula species.
基金Project supported by the 1998 Special Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KY95-J1-318)a 1999 Special Fund from the Ministry of ScienceTechnology.Instruments were dominated by Mr. Shum Yam Wa, Heal Force Development Ltd
文摘The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them into enucleated rabbit eggs. All the three kinds of somatic cells were able to reprogram in rabbit ooplasm and support early embryo development, of which mammary gland cells were proven to be the best, followed by uterus epithelial cells and skeletal muscle cells. The experiments showed that direct injection of mammary gland cell into enucleated rabbit ooplasm, combined with in vivo development in ligated rabbit oviduct, achieved higher blastocyst development than in vitro culture after the somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space and fused with the enucleated egg by electrical stimulation. The chromosome analysis demonstrated that the genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that in panda somatic cells. In addition, giant panda mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was shown to exist in the interspecies reconstructed blastocyst. The data suggest that (i) the ability of ooplasm to dedifferentiate somatic cells is not species-specific; (ii) there is compatibility between interspecies somatic nucleus and ooplasm during early development of the reconstructed egg.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2005CB523001, 2005CB523002)National Key Technologies Research & Devel-opment Program (Grant 2006BAD06A01/ 2006BAD06A04)+2 种基金US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Grant 3 U19 AI051915-05S1)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (Grant 30599434)GAO FG is a distinguished young investigator of the NSFC (Grant No. 30525010).
文摘Long-term endemicity of avian H5N1 influenza virus in poultry and continuous sporadic human infections in several countries has raised the concern of another potential pandemic influenza. Suspicion of the avian origin of the previous pandemics results in the close investigation of the mechanism of interspecies transmission. Entry and fusion is the first step for the H5N1 influenza virus to get into the host cells affecting the host ranges. Therefore receptor usage study has been a major focus for the last few years. We now know the difference of the sialic acid structures and distributions in different species, even in the different parts of the same host. Many host factors interacting with the influenza virus component proteins have been identified and their role in the host range expansion and interspecies transmission is under detailed scrutiny. Here we review current progress in the receptor usage and host factors.
文摘Human oral bacteria live in multispecies communities in the biofilm called dental plaque. This review focuses on the interactions of seven species and the ability of each species individually and together with other species to grow on saliva as the sole source of nutrient. Community formation in biofihns in flow cells is monitored using species-specific fluorophore-conjugated immunoglobulin Gy and images are captured by confocal microscopy. Early colonizing veillonellae emerge from this review of interspecies interactions in saliva as a critical genus that guides the development of multispecies communities. Highly selective interspecies recognition is evident as initial colonizers pair with early and middle colonizers to form multispecies communities that grow on saliva.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30830080 and 30800779)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.5072035)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2006AA10Z135,2008AA10Z143,2006CB102105 and 2009CB941604)
文摘Messenger RNA-like non-coding RNAs （mlncRNAs） are a newly identified group of non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs） that may be involved in a number of critical cellular events. In this study, 93 candidate porcine mlncRNAs were obtained by computational prediction and screening, among which 72 were mapped to the porcine genome. Further analysis of 8 representative candidates revealed that these mlncRNA candidates are not highly conserved among species. Remarkably, one of the candidates, sTF35495, was found to be precursor of a putative porcine microRNA. By RACE PCR, we determined that the full length of sTF35495 was 3 kb. The protein-coding potential of this RNA was tested in silico with no significant finding. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the subgroup of 8 candidates revealed two distinct expression profiles and two molecules were further validated by real-time PCR. The predicted pre-microRNA sequence in this study provides a potentially interesting insight into the in vivo function of porcine mlncRNAs and our findings suggest that they play key biological roles in Sus scrofa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC91851211 41772363)+1 种基金One Hundred Talents Program of Hubei ProvinceChina University of Geosciences-Wuhan
文摘Microbial extracellular electron transfer(EET) is electron exchanges between the quinol/quinone pools in microbial cytoplasmic membrane and extracellular substrates. Microorganisms with EET capabilities are widespread in Earth hydrosphere, such as sediments of rivers, lakes and oceans, where they play crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling of key elements, including carbon,nitrogen, sulfur, iron and manganese. Over the past 12 years, significant progress has been made in mechanistic understanding of microbial EET at the molecular level. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the microbial ability for extracellular redox transformation of iron, direct interspecies electron transfer as well as long distance electron transfer mediated by the cable bacteria in the hydrosphere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41471260,21777155)
文摘The network of microbial electron transfer can establish a syntrophic association of microbes by connecting interspecies metabolisms, and a variety of redox-active shuttles in environment have been proved to accelerate the electron flow in a microbial community. Using humic substances as models, we investigated how different redox-active shuttles with different electrochemical properties influence interspecies electron transfer, and affect the shift of microbial communities. The co-culture of two species was constructed with supplements of humics, and the electron transfer between these two strains was found to be linked by humic acid with a wider window of redox potential and multi-peaks of redox reactions. Based on the shift of microbial composition, the humic substances with a wide potential window and multi-peaks of redox reactions for accepting and donating electrons could increase the biodiversity(Chao 1 and phylogenetic diversity) with a large extent. The mechanism by which redox-active shuttles mediate the microbial electron transfer network could facilitate our understanding of syntrophic interactions between microbes.
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16030400 to W.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0100202 and 2017YFA0104401 to T.H.,2018YFA0109701 to R.F.)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621004 to Q.Z.and W.L.,31571533 to H.W.,and 31701286 to G.F.)the Key Research Projects of the Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSWSMC002 to Q.Z.).
文摘Blastocyst complementation by pluripotent stem cell(PSC)injection is believed to be the most promising method to generate xenogeneic organs.However,ethical issues prevent the study of human chimeras in the late embryonic stage of development.Primate embryonic stem cells(ESCs),which have similar pluripotency to human ESCs,are a good model for studying interspecies chimerism and organ generation.However,whether primate ESCs can be used in xenogenous grafts remains unclear.In this study,we evaluated the chimeric ability of cynomolgus monkey(Macaca fascicularis)ESCs(cmESCs)in pigs,which are excellent hosts because of their many similarities to humans.We report an optimized culture medium that enhanced the anti-apoptotic ability of cmESCs and improved the development of chimeric embryos,in which domesticated cmESCs(D-ESCs)injected into pig blastocysts differentiated into cells of all three germ layers.In addition,we obtained two neonatal interspecies chimeras,in which we observed tissue-specific D-ESC differentiation.Taken together,the results demonstrate the capability of D-ESCs to integrate and differentiate into functional cells in a porcine model,with a chimeric ratio of 0.001-0.0001 in different neonate tissues.We believe this work will facilitate future developments in xenogeneic organogenesis,bringing us one step closer to producing tissue-specific functional cells and organs in a large animal model through interspecies blastocyst complementation.
基金The research was supported by a Key Project of the“Tenth Five-Year”Science&Technology Development Plan(01606006)from Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China.
文摘reconstituted embryos were produced by nuclear transplantation using bovine ear fibroblasts at G 0 or non-G 0 stage as donor nuclei and oocytes collected from superovulated multiparous or young rabbits as recipients. After cultivation in two kinds of medium M199+10%FBS or RD+10%FBS, 112 of them developed to 2-cell stage (62.2%) and 26 to morula stage (14.4%) and 20 of them eventually developed to blastocyst stage (11.1%). There is no significant difference for the cleavage rates in two groups of reconstituted embryos derived from G 0 -stage and non-G 0 stage donor cells respectively. However, G 0-stage donor cells could result in higher rate of 8-cell16-cell stage embryos significantly (P<0.05), as well as higher rate of blastocysts (P<0.01). It seems that using two different culture systems had no significant effects on the cleavage rate, morula rate or blastocyst rate (P>0.05).
文摘A method for DNA isolation from early development of blastocyst and further analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was developed in present study. Total DNA was prepared from interspecies reconstructed blastocyst and a giant panda specific microsatellite locus g010 was successfully amplified. DNA sequencing of the PCR product showed that two sequences of reconstructed blastocysts are the same as that of positive control giant panda. Our results prove that the nucleus of interspecies reconstructed blastocyst comes from somatic nucleus of donor giant panda.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(grant number 2018YFC1900901).
文摘To improve anaerobic digestion(AD)efficiency of rice straw,solid alkaline CaO and the liquid fraction of digestate(LFD)were used as pretreatment agents of rice straw.The results showed that AD performance of rice straw with CaOLFD pretreatment was optimal in different pretreatment methods of the CaO+LFD,CaOLFD,LFD+CaO,CaO,and LFD.The maximum methane yield(314 ml(g VS)^(-1))and the highest VFAs concentration(14851 mg·L^(-1) on day 3)of the CaOLFD pretreatment group were 81%and 118%higher than that of the control group,respectively.Under the action of solid alkaline CaO,the bacteria of Clostridium,Atopostipes,Sphaerochaeta,Tissierella,Thiopseudomonas,Rikenellaceae,and Sedimentibacter could build up co-cultures with the archaeal of Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium,and Methanosarcina performing direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)and improving AD performance of rice straw.Therefore,the combined pretreatment using CaO and LFD could not only pretreat rice straw but also stimulate co-cultures of microorganism to establish DIET enhancing AD efficiency.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0802600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31930019,31900442,32200431)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program“Biological basis of aging and therapeutic strategies”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB39010400)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M713053)。
文摘Argonaute proteins generally play regulatory roles by forming complexes with the corresponding small RNAs(s RNAs).An expanded Argonaute family with 20 potentially functional members has been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans.Canonical s RNAs in C.elegans are mi RNAs,small interfering RNAs including 22G-RNAs and 26G-RNAs,and 21U-RNAs,which are C.elegans pi RNAs.Previous studies have only covered some of these Argonautes for their s RNA partners,and thus,a systematic study is needed to reveal the comprehensive regulatory networks formed by C.elegans Argonautes and their associated s RNAs.We obtained in situ knockin(KI)strains of all C.elegans Argonautes with fusion tags by CRISPR/Cas9 technology.RNA immunoprecipitation against these endogenously expressed Argonautes and high-throughput sequencing acquired the s RNA profiles of individual Argonautes.The s RNA partners for each Argonaute were then analyzed.We found that there were 10Argonautes enriched mi RNAs,17 Argonautes bound to 22G-RNAs,8 Argonautes bound to 26G-RNAs,and 1 Argonaute PRG-1bound to pi RNAs.Uridylated 22G-RNAs were bound by four Argonautes HRDE-1,WAGO-4,CSR-1,and PPW-2.We found that all four Argonautes played a role in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.Regulatory roles of the corresponding Argonaute-s RNA complex in managing levels of long transcripts and interspecies regulation were also demonstrated.In this study,we portrayed the s RNAs bound to each functional Argonaute in C.elegans.Bioinformatics analyses together with experimental investigations provided perceptions in the overall view of the regulatory network formed by C.elegans Argonautes and s RNAs.The s RNA profiles bound to individual Argonautes reported here will be valuable resources for further studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92051102,32200099,32225003 and 31970105)the Innovation Team Project of Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2020KCXTD023)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20200109105010363).
文摘Background:Synthetic microbial communities,with different strains brought together by balancing their nutrition and promoting their interactions,demonstrate great advantages for exploring complex performance of communities and for further biotechnology applications.The potential of such microbial communities has not been explored,due to our limited knowledge of the extremely complex microbial interactions that are involved in designing and controlling effective and stable communities.Results:Genome-scale metabolic models(GEM)have been demonstrated as an effective tool for predicting and guiding the investigation and design of microbial communities,since they can explicitly and efficiently predict the phenotype of organisms from their genotypic data and can be used to explore the molecular mechanisms of microbehabitats and microbe-microbe interactions.In this work,we reviewed two main categories of GEM-based approaches and three uses related to design of synthetic microbial communities:predicting multi-species interactions,exploring environmental impacts on microbial phenotypes,and optimizing community-level performance.Conclusions:Although at the infancy stage,GEM-based approaches exhibit an increasing scope of applications in designing synthetic microbial communities.Compared to other methods,especially the use of laboratory cultures,GEM-based approaches can greatly decrease the trial-and-error cost of various procedures for designing synthetic communities and improving their functionality,such as identifying community members,determining media composition,evaluating microbial interaction potential or selecting the best community configuration.Future efforts should be made to overcome the limitations of the approaches,ranging from quality control of GEM reconstructions to community-level modeling algorithms,so that more applications of GEMs in studying phenotypes of microbial communities can be expected.
基金This work was supported by the Climbing Project of the Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China (Grant No.97021109-2)the Important Project of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX1-05-01).
文摘Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonqui-escent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6%) and electrical activation, 4.2% of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, i.e. blas-tomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial I, serial Ⅱ and serial Ⅲ were 79.5%, 84.1% and 78.0%, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups
