Introduction The Joint observation and research on the general behavior of the solar-terrestrialsystem has been organized in China during the 22nd cycle solar maximum.A series ofmajor solar events occurred in August 1...Introduction The Joint observation and research on the general behavior of the solar-terrestrialsystem has been organized in China during the 22nd cycle solar maximum.A series ofmajor solar events occurred in August 1989,which caused various intense space andgeophysical phenomena.During this period,remarkable ionospheric effects were ob-展开更多
Acute kidney injury(AKI)linked to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been identified in the course of the disease.AKI can be mild or severe and that is dependent on the presence of comorbidities and the severity of...Acute kidney injury(AKI)linked to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been identified in the course of the disease.AKI can be mild or severe and that is dependent on the presence of comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19.Among patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19,some were admitted to intensive care unit.The etiology of AKI associated with COVID-19 is multifactorial.Prevention of severe AKI is the prime task in patients with COVID-19 that necessitates a battery of measurements and precautions in management.Patients with AKI who have needed dialysis are in an increased risk to develop chronic kidney disease(CKD)or a progression of their existing CKD.Kidney transplantation patients with COVID-19 are in need of special management to adjust the doses of immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids to guard against graft rejection but not to suppress the immune system to place the patient at risk of developing a COVID-19 infection.Immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids for patients who have had a kidney transplant has to be adjusted based on laboratory results and is individualized aiming at the protection of the transplanted from rejection.展开更多
In recent years,humanity has been confronted with a global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which has caused an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide.Apart from the respiratory symptoms,...In recent years,humanity has been confronted with a global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which has caused an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide.Apart from the respiratory symptoms,which are considered the principal manifestations of COVID-19,it has been recognized that COVID-19 constitutes a systemic inflammatory process affecting multiple organ systems.Across the spectrum of organ involvement in COVID-19,acute liver injury(ALI)has been gradually gaining increasing attention by the international scientific community.COVID-19 associated liver impairment can affect a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients and seems to correlate with the severity of the disease course.Indeed,COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit(ICU)run a greater risk of developing ALI due to the severity of their clinical condition and in the context of multi-organ failure.The putative pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 induced ALI in ICU patients remain poorly understood and appear to be multifactorial in nature.Several theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of ALI in the ICU setting,such as hypoperfusion and ischemia due to hemodynamic instability,passive liver congestion as a result of congestive heart failure,ischemia-reperfusion injury,hypoxia due to respiratory failure,mechanical ventilation itself,sepsis and septic shock,cytokine storm,endotheliitis with concomitant coagulopathy,druginduced liver injury,parenteral nutrition and direct cytopathic viral effect.It should be noted that no specific therapy for COVID-19 induced ALI exists.Therefore,the therapeutic approach lies in preventive measures and is exclusively supportive once ALI ensues.The aim of the current review is to scrutinize the existing evidence on COVID-19 associated ALI in ICU patients,explore its clinical implications,shed light on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and propose potential therapeutic approaches.Ongoing research on the particular scientific field will further elucidate展开更多
文摘Introduction The Joint observation and research on the general behavior of the solar-terrestrialsystem has been organized in China during the 22nd cycle solar maximum.A series ofmajor solar events occurred in August 1989,which caused various intense space andgeophysical phenomena.During this period,remarkable ionospheric effects were ob-
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)linked to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been identified in the course of the disease.AKI can be mild or severe and that is dependent on the presence of comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19.Among patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19,some were admitted to intensive care unit.The etiology of AKI associated with COVID-19 is multifactorial.Prevention of severe AKI is the prime task in patients with COVID-19 that necessitates a battery of measurements and precautions in management.Patients with AKI who have needed dialysis are in an increased risk to develop chronic kidney disease(CKD)or a progression of their existing CKD.Kidney transplantation patients with COVID-19 are in need of special management to adjust the doses of immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids to guard against graft rejection but not to suppress the immune system to place the patient at risk of developing a COVID-19 infection.Immunosuppression drugs and corticosteroids for patients who have had a kidney transplant has to be adjusted based on laboratory results and is individualized aiming at the protection of the transplanted from rejection.
文摘In recent years,humanity has been confronted with a global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which has caused an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide.Apart from the respiratory symptoms,which are considered the principal manifestations of COVID-19,it has been recognized that COVID-19 constitutes a systemic inflammatory process affecting multiple organ systems.Across the spectrum of organ involvement in COVID-19,acute liver injury(ALI)has been gradually gaining increasing attention by the international scientific community.COVID-19 associated liver impairment can affect a considerable proportion of COVID-19 patients and seems to correlate with the severity of the disease course.Indeed,COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit(ICU)run a greater risk of developing ALI due to the severity of their clinical condition and in the context of multi-organ failure.The putative pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 induced ALI in ICU patients remain poorly understood and appear to be multifactorial in nature.Several theories have been proposed to explain the occurrence of ALI in the ICU setting,such as hypoperfusion and ischemia due to hemodynamic instability,passive liver congestion as a result of congestive heart failure,ischemia-reperfusion injury,hypoxia due to respiratory failure,mechanical ventilation itself,sepsis and septic shock,cytokine storm,endotheliitis with concomitant coagulopathy,druginduced liver injury,parenteral nutrition and direct cytopathic viral effect.It should be noted that no specific therapy for COVID-19 induced ALI exists.Therefore,the therapeutic approach lies in preventive measures and is exclusively supportive once ALI ensues.The aim of the current review is to scrutinize the existing evidence on COVID-19 associated ALI in ICU patients,explore its clinical implications,shed light on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and propose potential therapeutic approaches.Ongoing research on the particular scientific field will further elucidate
