The integrated extraction of coal and gas combines coal mining with gas capture. Taking into account the gas deposition and flow conditions in the Chinese coal basins, this paper describes the status of the theory and...The integrated extraction of coal and gas combines coal mining with gas capture. Taking into account the gas deposition and flow conditions in the Chinese coal basins, this paper describes the status of the theory and key technologies of this integrated extraction system, and presents its application and practice in the Shaqu, Zhongxing, Fenghuangshan and Pingmei mines. Areas for further improvements in future studies are discussed, focusing in particular on the fundamentals of the extraction system to make it greener, more scientific, and more advanced in both the exploitation and utilization of coal and the gas in coal.展开更多
整合分期是近年来国际运动训练科学界提出的一个新方向,是推动当代运动训练模式变革的新思维,契合了当前运动训练融合创新和精准个性化调控的时代趋势。学习、借鉴和研究整合分期模式,对改变我国训练科学理论研究思维进而指导训练实践,...整合分期是近年来国际运动训练科学界提出的一个新方向,是推动当代运动训练模式变革的新思维,契合了当前运动训练融合创新和精准个性化调控的时代趋势。学习、借鉴和研究整合分期模式,对改变我国训练科学理论研究思维进而指导训练实践,提升科学训练水平具有重要的意义。目前,整合分期主要源自国外对零散训练实践成果的总结归纳,处于"实践到理论"的发现阶段。研究首次从"理论到理论、理论到指导实践启示"层面对整合分期模式进行系统研究。研究发现,训练分期理论元理论最新进展的"体系[系统的系统(System of Systems,SoS)]"和"反应域应激模型(reactive scope model)"是整合分期提出的重要理论基石。信息化时代背景下基于数据科学的数字化信息整合,可以助力整合分期中多源、异构、多模态复杂训练要素的高维数据挖掘,再以算法自动化生成个性化训练指导方案。整合分期模式与方法"新范式"已成形,匹配"数据石油"与"算法引擎",其或是点燃提升世界各国竞技体育国际竞争力创新动能的导火索,也将会成为一种统领运动训练模式重大变革的全新思维方法。展开更多
According to geological conditions of No. 3 and No. 4 coal seams （namely A3 and B4） of the Pan＇er coal mine and the parameters of panels 11223, 11224, and 11124 with fully-mechanical coal mining, we built 2D simila...According to geological conditions of No. 3 and No. 4 coal seams （namely A3 and B4） of the Pan＇er coal mine and the parameters of panels 11223, 11224, and 11124 with fully-mechanical coal mining, we built 2D similar material simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation models to investigate the development of mining-induced stress and the extraction effect of pressure-relief gas with large height and upward mining. Based on a comprehensive analysis of experimental data and observations, we obtained the deformation and breakage characteristics of strata overlying the coal seam, the development patterns of the mining-induced stress and fracture, and the size of the stress-relief area. The stress-relief effect was investigated and analyzed in consideration with mining height and three thick hard strata. Because of the group of three hard thick strata located in the main roof and the residual stress of mined panel 11124, the deformation, breakage, mining-induced stress and fracture development, and the stress-relief coefficient were discontinuous and asymmetrical. The breakage angle of the overlying strata, and the compressive and expansive zones of coal deformation were mainly controlled by the number, thickness, and strength of the hard stratum. Compared with the value of breakage angle derived by the traditional empirical method, the experimental value was lower than the traditional results by 3°-4°below the hard thick strata group, and by 13°-19° above the hard thick strata group. The amount of gas extracted from floor drainage roadway of B4 over 17 months was variable and the amount of gas per month differed considerably, being much smaller when panel 11223 influenced the area of the three hard thick strata. Generally, the stress-relief zone of No. 4 coal seam was small under the influence of the hard thick strata located in the main roof, which played an important role in delaying the breakage time and increasing the breakage space. In this study we gained understanding of the stress-relief mechanism in展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly,has no cure.Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials.Nov...Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly,has no cure.Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials.Novel therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed.Emerging data suggest that in response to environmental stress,mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response(ISR)shown to be beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection.Here,we review data that implicate mitochondrial electron transport complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as a hub for small molecule-targeted therapeutics that could induce beneficial mitochondrial ISR.Specifically,partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has been exploited as a novel strategy for multiple human conditions,including AD,with several small molecules being tested in clinical trials.We discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this counterintuitive approach.Since this strategy has also been shown to enhance health and life span,the development of safe and efficacious complex Ⅰ inhibitors could promote healthy aging,delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide.Alternate day fasting(ADF)has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits.However,the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque ...Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide.Alternate day fasting(ADF)has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits.However,the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation remain inconsistent and controversial in atherosclerotic animal models.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient(Apoe^(-/-))mice.Eleven-week-old male Apoe^(-/-)mice fed with Western diet(WD)were randomly grouped into ad libitum(AL)group and ADF group,and ADF aggravated both the early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation,which might be due to the disturbed cholesterol profiles caused by ADF intervention.ADF significantly altered cholesterol metabolism pathways and down-regulated integrated stress response(ISR)in the liver.The hepatic expression of activating transcription factor 3(ATF3)was suppressed in mice treated with ADF and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Aft3 attenuated the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the expression of ATF3 could be regulated by Krüppel-like factor 6(KLF6)and both the expressions of ATF3 and KLF6 were regulated by hepatic cellular ISR pathway.In conclusion,ADF aggravates atherosclerosis progression in Apoe^(-/-)mice fed on WD.ADF inhibits the hepatic ISR signaling pathway and decreases the expression of KLF6,subsequently inhibiting ATF3 expression.The suppressed ATF3 expression in the liver mediates the deteriorated effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in Apoe^(-/-)mice.The findings suggest the potentially harmful effects when ADF intervention is applied to the population at high risk of atherosclerosis.展开更多
文摘The integrated extraction of coal and gas combines coal mining with gas capture. Taking into account the gas deposition and flow conditions in the Chinese coal basins, this paper describes the status of the theory and key technologies of this integrated extraction system, and presents its application and practice in the Shaqu, Zhongxing, Fenghuangshan and Pingmei mines. Areas for further improvements in future studies are discussed, focusing in particular on the fundamentals of the extraction system to make it greener, more scientific, and more advanced in both the exploitation and utilization of coal and the gas in coal.
文摘整合分期是近年来国际运动训练科学界提出的一个新方向,是推动当代运动训练模式变革的新思维,契合了当前运动训练融合创新和精准个性化调控的时代趋势。学习、借鉴和研究整合分期模式,对改变我国训练科学理论研究思维进而指导训练实践,提升科学训练水平具有重要的意义。目前,整合分期主要源自国外对零散训练实践成果的总结归纳,处于"实践到理论"的发现阶段。研究首次从"理论到理论、理论到指导实践启示"层面对整合分期模式进行系统研究。研究发现,训练分期理论元理论最新进展的"体系[系统的系统(System of Systems,SoS)]"和"反应域应激模型(reactive scope model)"是整合分期提出的重要理论基石。信息化时代背景下基于数据科学的数字化信息整合,可以助力整合分期中多源、异构、多模态复杂训练要素的高维数据挖掘,再以算法自动化生成个性化训练指导方案。整合分期模式与方法"新范式"已成形,匹配"数据石油"与"算法引擎",其或是点燃提升世界各国竞技体育国际竞争力创新动能的导火索,也将会成为一种统领运动训练模式重大变革的全新思维方法。
基金Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China （51374011）.
文摘According to geological conditions of No. 3 and No. 4 coal seams （namely A3 and B4） of the Pan＇er coal mine and the parameters of panels 11223, 11224, and 11124 with fully-mechanical coal mining, we built 2D similar material simulation and FLAC3D numerical simulation models to investigate the development of mining-induced stress and the extraction effect of pressure-relief gas with large height and upward mining. Based on a comprehensive analysis of experimental data and observations, we obtained the deformation and breakage characteristics of strata overlying the coal seam, the development patterns of the mining-induced stress and fracture, and the size of the stress-relief area. The stress-relief effect was investigated and analyzed in consideration with mining height and three thick hard strata. Because of the group of three hard thick strata located in the main roof and the residual stress of mined panel 11124, the deformation, breakage, mining-induced stress and fracture development, and the stress-relief coefficient were discontinuous and asymmetrical. The breakage angle of the overlying strata, and the compressive and expansive zones of coal deformation were mainly controlled by the number, thickness, and strength of the hard stratum. Compared with the value of breakage angle derived by the traditional empirical method, the experimental value was lower than the traditional results by 3°-4°below the hard thick strata group, and by 13°-19° above the hard thick strata group. The amount of gas extracted from floor drainage roadway of B4 over 17 months was variable and the amount of gas per month differed considerably, being much smaller when panel 11223 influenced the area of the three hard thick strata. Generally, the stress-relief zone of No. 4 coal seam was small under the influence of the hard thick strata located in the main roof, which played an important role in delaying the breakage time and increasing the breakage space. In this study we gained understanding of the stress-relief mechanism in
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers RF1AG55549, R01NS107265, RO1AG062135, AG59093, AG072899, UG3/ UH3NS 113776, all to Eugenia Trushina, USA]。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most prominent form of dementia in the elderly,has no cure.Strategies focused on the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials.Novel therapeutic targets and strategies are urgently needed.Emerging data suggest that in response to environmental stress,mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response(ISR)shown to be beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection.Here,we review data that implicate mitochondrial electron transport complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation as a hub for small molecule-targeted therapeutics that could induce beneficial mitochondrial ISR.Specifically,partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has been exploited as a novel strategy for multiple human conditions,including AD,with several small molecules being tested in clinical trials.We discuss current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in this counterintuitive approach.Since this strategy has also been shown to enhance health and life span,the development of safe and efficacious complex Ⅰ inhibitors could promote healthy aging,delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by grants from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(82325011)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20288)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFA0800404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970736)the Key-Area Clinical Research Program of Southern Medical University(LC2019ZD010 and 2019CR022).
文摘Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide.Alternate day fasting(ADF)has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits.However,the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation remain inconsistent and controversial in atherosclerotic animal models.The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient(Apoe^(-/-))mice.Eleven-week-old male Apoe^(-/-)mice fed with Western diet(WD)were randomly grouped into ad libitum(AL)group and ADF group,and ADF aggravated both the early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation,which might be due to the disturbed cholesterol profiles caused by ADF intervention.ADF significantly altered cholesterol metabolism pathways and down-regulated integrated stress response(ISR)in the liver.The hepatic expression of activating transcription factor 3(ATF3)was suppressed in mice treated with ADF and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Aft3 attenuated the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the expression of ATF3 could be regulated by Krüppel-like factor 6(KLF6)and both the expressions of ATF3 and KLF6 were regulated by hepatic cellular ISR pathway.In conclusion,ADF aggravates atherosclerosis progression in Apoe^(-/-)mice fed on WD.ADF inhibits the hepatic ISR signaling pathway and decreases the expression of KLF6,subsequently inhibiting ATF3 expression.The suppressed ATF3 expression in the liver mediates the deteriorated effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in Apoe^(-/-)mice.The findings suggest the potentially harmful effects when ADF intervention is applied to the population at high risk of atherosclerosis.
