Causal inference is a powerful modeling tool for explanatory analysis,which might enable current machine learning to become explainable.How to marry causal inference with machine learning to develop explainable artifi...Causal inference is a powerful modeling tool for explanatory analysis,which might enable current machine learning to become explainable.How to marry causal inference with machine learning to develop explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)algorithms is one of key steps toward to the artificial intelligence 2.0.With the aim of bringing knowledge of causal inference to scholars of machine learning and artificial intelligence,we invited researchers working on causal inference to write this survey from different aspects of causal inference.This survey includes the following sections:“Estimating average treatment effect:A brief review and beyond”from Dr.Kun Kuang,“Attribution problems in counterfactual inference”from Prof.Lian Li,“The Yule–Simpson paradox and the surrogate paradox”from Prof.Zhi Geng,“Causal potential theory”from Prof.Lei Xu,“Discovering causal information from observational data”from Prof.Kun Zhang,“Formal argumentation in causal reasoning and explanation”from Profs.Beishui Liao and Huaxin Huang,“Causal inference with complex experiments”from Prof.Peng Ding,“Instrumental variables and negative controls for observational studies”from Prof.Wang Miao,and“Causal inference with interference”from Dr.Zhichao Jiang.展开更多
This paper looks into Samuel Johnson＇s famous poem The Vanity of Human Wishes： The Tenth Satire Imitated （1903）. For centuries, the poem is under hot discussion for its form, tone, theme, and even the imitated sty...This paper looks into Samuel Johnson＇s famous poem The Vanity of Human Wishes： The Tenth Satire Imitated （1903）. For centuries, the poem is under hot discussion for its form, tone, theme, and even the imitated style and holds well its position as Johnson＇s greatest poem. Based on the former criticism but avoiding the detailed investigation into thematic concern and stylistic features, the paper pays more attention to Johnson＇s instructive purpose of literary creation and argues that as an observant poet of life, Johnson aims to provide empirical guidance to the reader and human beings and thereby distributes some instructions implicitly through the poetic depiction of human experiences.展开更多
文摘Causal inference is a powerful modeling tool for explanatory analysis,which might enable current machine learning to become explainable.How to marry causal inference with machine learning to develop explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)algorithms is one of key steps toward to the artificial intelligence 2.0.With the aim of bringing knowledge of causal inference to scholars of machine learning and artificial intelligence,we invited researchers working on causal inference to write this survey from different aspects of causal inference.This survey includes the following sections:“Estimating average treatment effect:A brief review and beyond”from Dr.Kun Kuang,“Attribution problems in counterfactual inference”from Prof.Lian Li,“The Yule–Simpson paradox and the surrogate paradox”from Prof.Zhi Geng,“Causal potential theory”from Prof.Lei Xu,“Discovering causal information from observational data”from Prof.Kun Zhang,“Formal argumentation in causal reasoning and explanation”from Profs.Beishui Liao and Huaxin Huang,“Causal inference with complex experiments”from Prof.Peng Ding,“Instrumental variables and negative controls for observational studies”from Prof.Wang Miao,and“Causal inference with interference”from Dr.Zhichao Jiang.
文摘This paper looks into Samuel Johnson＇s famous poem The Vanity of Human Wishes： The Tenth Satire Imitated （1903）. For centuries, the poem is under hot discussion for its form, tone, theme, and even the imitated style and holds well its position as Johnson＇s greatest poem. Based on the former criticism but avoiding the detailed investigation into thematic concern and stylistic features, the paper pays more attention to Johnson＇s instructive purpose of literary creation and argues that as an observant poet of life, Johnson aims to provide empirical guidance to the reader and human beings and thereby distributes some instructions implicitly through the poetic depiction of human experiences.
