角反射器精确定位是角反射器微形变获取的前提,文中从研究角反射器影像特征入手,详细介绍了角反射器强度、相关性和光谱离散指数(MSR-Mean to Standard deviation Ratio)影像特征:1)角反射器强度影像特征明显,其影像扩散在多个像素上,En...角反射器精确定位是角反射器微形变获取的前提,文中从研究角反射器影像特征入手,详细介绍了角反射器强度、相关性和光谱离散指数(MSR-Mean to Standard deviation Ratio)影像特征:1)角反射器强度影像特征明显,其影像扩散在多个像素上,Envisat数据中角反射器表现为亮点,而TerraSAR数据中角反射器呈明显的十字型;2)角反射器MSR影像特征不明显;3)不同带宽多视处理后统计得到的角反射器相关性聚焦在一个像素内,而且相关值明显高于周边像素。将角反射器强度、相关性和MSR作为衡量光谱稳定性的参数,对比分析不同参数定位出的角反射器像素位置及其对应的相位信息,结果表明:角反射器强度易受背景干扰,此参数定位角反射器容易产生偏差;角反射器MSR值与背景差别小,不能单独用于角反射器定位;角反射器相关性聚焦性好,相关性参数能准确定位角反射器的像素位置,对应的相位值比其他参数定位得到的相位值相对稳定。展开更多
Aprotic Li-O2 battery has attracted a great deal of interest because of its high theoretical energy density that is far beyond what the best Li-ion technologies can achieve.However, the present Li-O2 batteries suffer ...Aprotic Li-O2 battery has attracted a great deal of interest because of its high theoretical energy density that is far beyond what the best Li-ion technologies can achieve.However, the present Li-O2 batteries suffer from the low energy efficiency that is limited mainly by the high overpotentials required to re-oxidize Li2O2, the discharge product. Over the past few years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the Li2O2 oxidation reactions. Here, we summarize the results obtained from the fundamental study of the Li2O2 oxidation, including its morphology, reaction route, kinetics, the initial location upon oxidation and the charge transport within Li2O2. A better mechanistic understanding of the Li2O2 oxidation reaction will provide a solid foundation for the realization of practical Li-O2 cells with a higher energy efficiency.展开更多
Initial condition and model errors both contribute to the loss of atmospheric predictability.However,it remains debatable which type of error has the larger impact on the prediction lead time of specific states.In thi...Initial condition and model errors both contribute to the loss of atmospheric predictability.However,it remains debatable which type of error has the larger impact on the prediction lead time of specific states.In this study,we perform a theoretical study to investigate the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local prediction lead time of given states in the Lorenz model.Using the backward nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent method,the prediction lead time,also called local backward predictability limit(LBPL),of given states induced by the two types of errors can be quantitatively estimated.Results show that the structure of the Lorenz attractor leads to a layered distribution of LBPLs of states.On an individual circular orbit,the LBPLs are roughly the same,whereas they are different on different orbits.The spatial distributions of LBPLs show that the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local backward predictability depend on the locations of given states on the dynamical trajectory and the error magnitudes.When the error magnitude is fixed,the differences between the LBPLs vary with the locations of given states.The larger differences are mainly located on the inner trajectories of regimes.When the error magnitudes are different,the dissimilarities in LBPLs are diverse for the same given state.展开更多
文摘角反射器精确定位是角反射器微形变获取的前提,文中从研究角反射器影像特征入手,详细介绍了角反射器强度、相关性和光谱离散指数(MSR-Mean to Standard deviation Ratio)影像特征:1)角反射器强度影像特征明显,其影像扩散在多个像素上,Envisat数据中角反射器表现为亮点,而TerraSAR数据中角反射器呈明显的十字型;2)角反射器MSR影像特征不明显;3)不同带宽多视处理后统计得到的角反射器相关性聚焦在一个像素内,而且相关值明显高于周边像素。将角反射器强度、相关性和MSR作为衡量光谱稳定性的参数,对比分析不同参数定位出的角反射器像素位置及其对应的相位信息,结果表明:角反射器强度易受背景干扰,此参数定位角反射器容易产生偏差;角反射器MSR值与背景差别小,不能单独用于角反射器定位;角反射器相关性聚焦性好,相关性参数能准确定位角反射器的像素位置,对应的相位值比其他参数定位得到的相位值相对稳定。
基金supported by the Recruitment Program of Global Youth Experts of Chinathe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA09010401)the Science and Technology Development Program of the Jilin Province(20150623002TC)
文摘Aprotic Li-O2 battery has attracted a great deal of interest because of its high theoretical energy density that is far beyond what the best Li-ion technologies can achieve.However, the present Li-O2 batteries suffer from the low energy efficiency that is limited mainly by the high overpotentials required to re-oxidize Li2O2, the discharge product. Over the past few years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the Li2O2 oxidation reactions. Here, we summarize the results obtained from the fundamental study of the Li2O2 oxidation, including its morphology, reaction route, kinetics, the initial location upon oxidation and the charge transport within Li2O2. A better mechanistic understanding of the Li2O2 oxidation reaction will provide a solid foundation for the realization of practical Li-O2 cells with a higher energy efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42005054,41975070)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2020M681154)。
文摘Initial condition and model errors both contribute to the loss of atmospheric predictability.However,it remains debatable which type of error has the larger impact on the prediction lead time of specific states.In this study,we perform a theoretical study to investigate the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local prediction lead time of given states in the Lorenz model.Using the backward nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent method,the prediction lead time,also called local backward predictability limit(LBPL),of given states induced by the two types of errors can be quantitatively estimated.Results show that the structure of the Lorenz attractor leads to a layered distribution of LBPLs of states.On an individual circular orbit,the LBPLs are roughly the same,whereas they are different on different orbits.The spatial distributions of LBPLs show that the relative effects of initial condition and model errors on local backward predictability depend on the locations of given states on the dynamical trajectory and the error magnitudes.When the error magnitude is fixed,the differences between the LBPLs vary with the locations of given states.The larger differences are mainly located on the inner trajectories of regimes.When the error magnitudes are different,the dissimilarities in LBPLs are diverse for the same given state.
