As one of the most important elements in linear transformer driver(LTD) based systems, the gas pressurized closing switches are required to operate with a very low prefire probability during the DC-charging process to...As one of the most important elements in linear transformer driver(LTD) based systems, the gas pressurized closing switches are required to operate with a very low prefire probability during the DC-charging process to ensure reliable operation and stable output of the whole pulsed power system. The most direct and effective way to control the prefire probability is to select a suitable working coefficient. The study of the development characteristics of the initially generated electrons is useful for optimizing the working coefficient and improving the prefire characteristic of the switches. In this paper an ultraviolet pulsed laser is used to generate initial electrons inside the gap volume. A current measuring system is used to measure the time-dependent current generated by the growth of the initial electrons so as to study the development characteristics of the electrons under different working coefficients. Experimental results show that the development characteristics of the initial electrons are influenced obviously by the working coefficient. With the increase of the working coefficient, the development degree of the electrons increases consequently. At the same times, there is a threshold of working coefficient which produces the effect of ionization on electrons. The range of the threshold has a slow growth but remains close to 65% with the gas pressure increase. When the working coefficient increases further, γ processes are starting to be generated inside the gap volume. In addition, an optimal working coefficient beneficial for improving the prefire characteristic is indicated and further tested.展开更多
Purpose: To model the ELEKTA COMPACT accelerator head by using EGSnrc/BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc and to validatethe simulation according to the depth-dose and lateral profiles of different radiation fields measured by the...Purpose: To model the ELEKTA COMPACT accelerator head by using EGSnrc/BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc and to validatethe simulation according to the depth-dose and lateral profiles of different radiation fields measured by the water phantom. Methods: IBA Blue Water Phantom2 and CC13 Ionization Chamber were used to measure the depth-dose curves at 10 cm × 10 cm field and profile curves at 10 cm depth underwater. In BEAMnrc, the main components of accelerator head and the initial electron beam are established based on the specifications file, and the phase space file containing the photon beam information is generated. In DOXYZnrc, phase space files were used to irradiate a homogeneous water phantom of the same size as the IBA water phantom, and the simulated percentage depth dose curves and lateral profiles were outputted. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by mean square error (MSE) compared with the measured data. PDD curves are used to determine the energy of the initial electron beam. Dose profile curves are used to adjust the flattening filter. The penumbra on lateral profiles is used to adjust the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the electron source. Result: The electron energy of 5.8 MeV was considered the best match after comparing the PDD curves of 5.6 - 6.2 MeV electron beams. The flattening filter can only be adjusted by trial. In the final result, the maximum fluctuation of profile curve within 80% of the maximum field size is less than 3%, which meets the requirements of field flatness. The optimum FWHM for different fields is not consistent due to the Transmission penumbra. But a match can be approached by adjusting the FWHM every 10 cm field size.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect (No. SKLIPR1601)
文摘As one of the most important elements in linear transformer driver(LTD) based systems, the gas pressurized closing switches are required to operate with a very low prefire probability during the DC-charging process to ensure reliable operation and stable output of the whole pulsed power system. The most direct and effective way to control the prefire probability is to select a suitable working coefficient. The study of the development characteristics of the initially generated electrons is useful for optimizing the working coefficient and improving the prefire characteristic of the switches. In this paper an ultraviolet pulsed laser is used to generate initial electrons inside the gap volume. A current measuring system is used to measure the time-dependent current generated by the growth of the initial electrons so as to study the development characteristics of the electrons under different working coefficients. Experimental results show that the development characteristics of the initial electrons are influenced obviously by the working coefficient. With the increase of the working coefficient, the development degree of the electrons increases consequently. At the same times, there is a threshold of working coefficient which produces the effect of ionization on electrons. The range of the threshold has a slow growth but remains close to 65% with the gas pressure increase. When the working coefficient increases further, γ processes are starting to be generated inside the gap volume. In addition, an optimal working coefficient beneficial for improving the prefire characteristic is indicated and further tested.
文摘Purpose: To model the ELEKTA COMPACT accelerator head by using EGSnrc/BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc and to validatethe simulation according to the depth-dose and lateral profiles of different radiation fields measured by the water phantom. Methods: IBA Blue Water Phantom2 and CC13 Ionization Chamber were used to measure the depth-dose curves at 10 cm × 10 cm field and profile curves at 10 cm depth underwater. In BEAMnrc, the main components of accelerator head and the initial electron beam are established based on the specifications file, and the phase space file containing the photon beam information is generated. In DOXYZnrc, phase space files were used to irradiate a homogeneous water phantom of the same size as the IBA water phantom, and the simulated percentage depth dose curves and lateral profiles were outputted. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by mean square error (MSE) compared with the measured data. PDD curves are used to determine the energy of the initial electron beam. Dose profile curves are used to adjust the flattening filter. The penumbra on lateral profiles is used to adjust the full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of the electron source. Result: The electron energy of 5.8 MeV was considered the best match after comparing the PDD curves of 5.6 - 6.2 MeV electron beams. The flattening filter can only be adjusted by trial. In the final result, the maximum fluctuation of profile curve within 80% of the maximum field size is less than 3%, which meets the requirements of field flatness. The optimum FWHM for different fields is not consistent due to the Transmission penumbra. But a match can be approached by adjusting the FWHM every 10 cm field size.
