对5.0 t H13铸锭进行了解剖,采用扫描电镜和能谱分析对铸锭中夹杂物进行了形貌和组成分析,通过T[O]分析和金相显微镜统计分析对铸锭中夹杂物的分布进行了研究.结果表明铸锭中氧含量较高,平均值达到27.8×10-6,必须进一步精炼;铸锭...对5.0 t H13铸锭进行了解剖,采用扫描电镜和能谱分析对铸锭中夹杂物进行了形貌和组成分析,通过T[O]分析和金相显微镜统计分析对铸锭中夹杂物的分布进行了研究.结果表明铸锭中氧含量较高,平均值达到27.8×10-6,必须进一步精炼;铸锭中夹杂物主要为近球形的CaO--Al2O3--SiO2夹杂,块状TiN--VN夹杂,沿晶界分布的条状VC--CrC--MoC夹杂物和少量的CaS--MnS夹杂;尺寸较大的VC--CrC--MoC夹杂物对H13钢的韧性影响较大,必须在后续热处理及精炼中加以控制;T[O]和夹杂物在铸锭中分布不均匀,在铸锭头部中心附近,夹杂物及总氧呈负偏聚;而在铸锭中部及锭尾中心附近,夹杂物及总氧呈正偏聚;同时,铸锭中下部大尺寸夹杂物数量比较高.为了表征夹杂物的偏聚程度,本文提出了夹杂物偏聚指数的新概念.在5 t H13铸锭头部中心夹杂物偏聚指数达到0.75～0.85,而在中下部夹杂物偏聚指数达到1.2～1.3.展开更多
The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which wa...The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect： its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.展开更多
A two-phase model for the prediction of macrosegregation formed during solidification is presented. This model incorporates the descriptions of heat transfer, melt convection, solute transport, and solid movement on t...A two-phase model for the prediction of macrosegregation formed during solidification is presented. This model incorporates the descriptions of heat transfer, melt convection, solute transport, and solid movement on the system scale with microscopic relations for grain nucleation and growth. Then the model is used to simulate the solidification of a benchmark industrial 3.3-t steel ingot. Simulations are per- formed to investigate the effects of grain motion and pipe shrinkage formation on the final macrosegregation pattern. The model predictions are compared with experimental data and numerical results from literatures. It is demonstrated that the model is able to express the overall macrosegregation patterns in the ingot. Furthermore, the results show that it is essential to consider the motion of equiaxed grains and the formation of pipe shrinkage in modelling. Several issues for future model improvements are identified.展开更多
In this paper,a large-sized ingot of Mg–9Gd–3Y–1.5Zn–0.5Zr(wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method.The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively l...In this paper,a large-sized ingot of Mg–9Gd–3Y–1.5Zn–0.5Zr(wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method.The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430°C for 12 h as a homogenization treatment.The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically.The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18 R long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg10 Zn Y and an α-Mg matrix,along with net-shaped Mg5(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries.Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment.Moreover,the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment.The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg12Zn(Y,Gd).The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and tensile yield strength(TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa,respectively,and the elongation was 3.4%.The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.展开更多
Two kinds of argon shroud protection devices with two different basic structures were designed and investigated. Industrial experiments and numerical simulations were used to examine the protection effect, and the mec...Two kinds of argon shroud protection devices with two different basic structures were designed and investigated. Industrial experiments and numerical simulations were used to examine the protection effect, and the mechanism of air entrapment during the casting of steel ingots was analyzed. The influence of the structure of the argon shroud protection device on the protection effect was investigated. An argon shroud protection device mounted to the nozzle holder on the bottom of the ladle does not provide a good protection effect because air can easily flow into the teeming system and cause reoxidation of molten steel during teeming. By contrast, an argon shroud protection device seated on the top of the central trumpet provides an excellent protection effect, where air has little chance of flowing into the teeming system during casting. The feasibilities of the argon shroud protection devices are discussed.展开更多
The double ingot equipment of electromagnetic casting that consists of inductor, cooling water box, etc, was designed. The effects of inductor current and screen position on magnetic field distribution were investigat...The double ingot equipment of electromagnetic casting that consists of inductor, cooling water box, etc, was designed. The effects of inductor current and screen position on magnetic field distribution were investigated according to the measured results of series connection inductor. From these results, the solidification front of melt should be controlled to the bottom of inductor. The key parameters such as casting speed, liquid column height and flow rate of cooling water are about 0.6～1.5 mm/s, 30～45 mm and 1.5～2.5 m 3/h, respectively. And the round double ingot with a diameter of 240 mm and a length of 400 mm was cast.[展开更多
文摘对5.0 t H13铸锭进行了解剖,采用扫描电镜和能谱分析对铸锭中夹杂物进行了形貌和组成分析,通过T[O]分析和金相显微镜统计分析对铸锭中夹杂物的分布进行了研究.结果表明铸锭中氧含量较高,平均值达到27.8×10-6,必须进一步精炼;铸锭中夹杂物主要为近球形的CaO--Al2O3--SiO2夹杂,块状TiN--VN夹杂,沿晶界分布的条状VC--CrC--MoC夹杂物和少量的CaS--MnS夹杂;尺寸较大的VC--CrC--MoC夹杂物对H13钢的韧性影响较大,必须在后续热处理及精炼中加以控制;T[O]和夹杂物在铸锭中分布不均匀,在铸锭头部中心附近,夹杂物及总氧呈负偏聚;而在铸锭中部及锭尾中心附近,夹杂物及总氧呈正偏聚;同时,铸锭中下部大尺寸夹杂物数量比较高.为了表征夹杂物的偏聚程度,本文提出了夹杂物偏聚指数的新概念.在5 t H13铸锭头部中心夹杂物偏聚指数达到0.75～0.85,而在中下部夹杂物偏聚指数达到1.2～1.3.
基金financially supported by the Key Special Project in the National Science & Technology Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period (No.2009ZX04014-061-7)
文摘The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect： its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No.2011ZX04014-052)the National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (No.2011CB012900)
文摘A two-phase model for the prediction of macrosegregation formed during solidification is presented. This model incorporates the descriptions of heat transfer, melt convection, solute transport, and solid movement on the system scale with microscopic relations for grain nucleation and growth. Then the model is used to simulate the solidification of a benchmark industrial 3.3-t steel ingot. Simulations are per- formed to investigate the effects of grain motion and pipe shrinkage formation on the final macrosegregation pattern. The model predictions are compared with experimental data and numerical results from literatures. It is demonstrated that the model is able to express the overall macrosegregation patterns in the ingot. Furthermore, the results show that it is essential to consider the motion of equiaxed grains and the formation of pipe shrinkage in modelling. Several issues for future model improvements are identified.
基金supported by the Youth Science Fund Project of the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.51401070)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities(No.NCET-12-0849)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2014ZZD03)
文摘In this paper,a large-sized ingot of Mg–9Gd–3Y–1.5Zn–0.5Zr(wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method.The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430°C for 12 h as a homogenization treatment.The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically.The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18 R long-period stacking ordered(LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg10 Zn Y and an α-Mg matrix,along with net-shaped Mg5(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries.Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment.Moreover,the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment.The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg12Zn(Y,Gd).The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and tensile yield strength(TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa,respectively,and the elongation was 3.4%.The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51404018)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy Foundation(No.41614014)
文摘Two kinds of argon shroud protection devices with two different basic structures were designed and investigated. Industrial experiments and numerical simulations were used to examine the protection effect, and the mechanism of air entrapment during the casting of steel ingots was analyzed. The influence of the structure of the argon shroud protection device on the protection effect was investigated. An argon shroud protection device mounted to the nozzle holder on the bottom of the ladle does not provide a good protection effect because air can easily flow into the teeming system and cause reoxidation of molten steel during teeming. By contrast, an argon shroud protection device seated on the top of the central trumpet provides an excellent protection effect, where air has little chance of flowing into the teeming system during casting. The feasibilities of the argon shroud protection devices are discussed.
文摘The double ingot equipment of electromagnetic casting that consists of inductor, cooling water box, etc, was designed. The effects of inductor current and screen position on magnetic field distribution were investigated according to the measured results of series connection inductor. From these results, the solidification front of melt should be controlled to the bottom of inductor. The key parameters such as casting speed, liquid column height and flow rate of cooling water are about 0.6～1.5 mm/s, 30～45 mm and 1.5～2.5 m 3/h, respectively. And the round double ingot with a diameter of 240 mm and a length of 400 mm was cast.[
