Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate...Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding(IOF)of L-arginine(Arg)on growth,intestinal development,intestinal microbiota and metabolism.The treatments included the non-injected control,saline-injected control,and saline containing 2,6,or 10 mg Arg groups.Results:IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height,and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks.Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbialα-diversity,the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks.Furthermore,the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg.Simultaneously,metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose,taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg.Conclusions:Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development,cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance.These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks,and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition,early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.展开更多
Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the applicati...Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the application of organic Se in agriculture animal production.Selenized glucose(SeGlu)is a newly invented organoselenium material with good stability,low toxicity and low cost.This assay found that SeGlu was able to increase selenium deposition in liver of newborn broilers,and enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver by elevating the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.This paper as the first example clarifying the mechanism of SeGlu to enhance the antioxidant ability of chicks,shows that SeGlu can be used as an organic selenium enrichment additive for early nutrition of poultry.As a cross-discipline study involving chemistry,biology and agriculture animal science,the work may be beneficial for studies in related fields and prompt the development of the selenium science.展开更多
Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental tempe...Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental temperature.However,it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock industry.High environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance,resulting in decreased feed intake,retarded growth,compromised gut health,enhanced oxidative stress,and altered immune responses.Traditional approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot environments.Currently,broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress(HS)than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic rate.In this review,we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler chickens.Given their short lifespan from hatching to market age,embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these objectives.Chicken embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing phase.We first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on poultry.An in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of HS.Finally,we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available data.Taken together,these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the po-tential to confer heat resistance in chickens.展开更多
Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promotin...Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells.Broiler embryos(n=128)were subject to IOF of glutamine(IOF-Gln),leucine(IOF-Leu),NaCl(IOF-NaCl)or no injection(control)at embryonic d 17(E 17).Multipotent,progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch(D 7)in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9(Sox9)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5)and peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and histochemical goblet cell staining.The effects of IOF treatments at E 19(48 h post-IOF),in comparison to control embryos,were as follows:total cell counts increased by 40%,33%and 19%,and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%,50%and 38%,in IOF-Gln,IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos,respectively.Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance,36%increase in progenitor cell counts.All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms.The differentiated,PepT1+region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos,respectively,while goblet cell densities decreased by 20%in IOF-Gln embryos.Postehatch,crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks,compared to control chicks(P<0.05).We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation,resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.展开更多
基金This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0500500)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-40-K12)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04–2018)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘Background:Prenatal nutrition is crucial for embryonic development and neonatal growth,and has the potential to be a main determinant of life-long health.In the present study,we used a layer chick model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding(IOF)of L-arginine(Arg)on growth,intestinal development,intestinal microbiota and metabolism.The treatments included the non-injected control,saline-injected control,and saline containing 2,6,or 10 mg Arg groups.Results:IOF Arg increased early intestinal index and villus height,and enhanced uptake of residual yolk lipid,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance of chicks.Prenatal Arg supplementation also increased the early microbialα-diversity,the relative abundance of Lactobacillales and Clostridiales,and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria of cecum in chicks.Furthermore,the shift of cecal microbiota composition and the colonization of potential probiotics were accelerated by IOF of Arg.Simultaneously,metabolomics showed that metabolisms of galactose,taurine-conjugated bile acids and lipids were modulated to direct more energy and nutrients towards rapid growth of intestine at the beginning of post-hatch when embryos received IOF of Arg.Conclusions:Prenatal Arg supplementation showed beneficial effects on the early intestinal development,cecal microbiota and host metabolism of layer chicks,contributing to subsequent improvement in the early growth performance.These findings provide new insight into the role of IOF of Arg in the establishment of the gut microbiota of newly-hatched layer chicks,and can expand our fundamental knowledge about prenatal nutrition,early bacterial colonization and intestinal development in neonate.
基金supported by the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Animal genetic Breeding and Molecular Design(No.AGBMD202202)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(Nos.[CX(21)3131]and[CX(20)3010])+2 种基金the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(Nos.[JBGS[2021]027 and JBGS[2021]105])the Science and Education Integration Project of Yangzhou University(No.[KJRH202115])Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals.As the active center of selenoproteins,the addition of selenium is beneficial to enhance the antioxidant ability.However,the high cost limits the application of organic Se in agriculture animal production.Selenized glucose(SeGlu)is a newly invented organoselenium material with good stability,low toxicity and low cost.This assay found that SeGlu was able to increase selenium deposition in liver of newborn broilers,and enhance the antioxidant capacity of liver by elevating the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.This paper as the first example clarifying the mechanism of SeGlu to enhance the antioxidant ability of chicks,shows that SeGlu can be used as an organic selenium enrichment additive for early nutrition of poultry.As a cross-discipline study involving chemistry,biology and agriculture animal science,the work may be beneficial for studies in related fields and prompt the development of the selenium science.
基金supported in part by the Brain Pool program funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea(2019H1D3A1A01071142)by the Forest Science and Technology R&D Program(2020193C10-2022-BA01)provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promo-tion Institute).
文摘Healthy chickens are necessary to meet the ever-increasing demand for poultry meat.Birds are subjected to numerous stressful conditions under commercial rearing systems,including variations in the envi-ronmental temperature.However,it is difficult to counter the effects of global warming on the livestock industry.High environmental temperature is a stressful condition that has detrimental effects on growth and production performance,resulting in decreased feed intake,retarded growth,compromised gut health,enhanced oxidative stress,and altered immune responses.Traditional approaches include nutritional modification and housing management to mitigate the harmful effects of hot environments.Currently,broiler chickens are more susceptible to heat stress(HS)than layer chickens because of their high muscle mass and metabolic rate.In this review,we explored the possibility of in ovo manipulation to combat HS in broiler chickens.Given their short lifespan from hatching to market age,embryonic life is thought to be one of the critical periods for achieving these objectives.Chicken embryos can be modulated through either temperature treatment or nourishment to improve thermal tolerance during the rearing phase.We first provided a brief overview of the harmful effects of HS on poultry.An in-depth evaluation was then presented for in ovo feeding and thermal manipulation as emerging strategies to combat the negative effects of HS.Finally,we evaluated a combination of the two methods using the available data.Taken together,these investigations suggest that embryonic manipulation has the po-tential to confer heat resistance in chickens.
基金This research was supported by Research Grant No.US-5074-18CR from the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development(BARD)Fund.
文摘Nutritional stimulation of the developing small intestine of chick embryos can be conducted by in-ovo feeding(IOF).We hypothesized that IOF of glutamine and leucine can enhance small intestinal development by promoting proliferation and differentiation of multipotent small intestinal epithelial cells.Broiler embryos(n=128)were subject to IOF of glutamine(IOF-Gln),leucine(IOF-Leu),NaCl(IOF-NaCl)or no injection(control)at embryonic d 17(E 17).Multipotent,progenitor and differentiated cells were located and quantified in the small intestinal epithelium between E 17 and d 7 after hatch(D 7)in all treatment groups by immunofluorescence of SRY-box transcription factor 9(Sox9)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),in-situ hybridization of leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5)and peptide transporter 1(PepT1)and histochemical goblet cell staining.The effects of IOF treatments at E 19(48 h post-IOF),in comparison to control embryos,were as follows:total cell counts increased by 40%,33%and 19%,and multipotent cell counts increased by 52%,50%and 38%,in IOF-Gln,IOF-Leu and IOF-NaCl embryos,respectively.Only IOF-Gln embryos exhibited a significance,36%increase in progenitor cell counts.All IOF treatments shifted Lgr5+ stem cell localizations to villus bottoms.The differentiated,PepT1+region of the villi was 1.9 and 1.3-fold longer in IOF-Gln and IOF-Leu embryos,respectively,while goblet cell densities decreased by 20%in IOF-Gln embryos.Postehatch,crypt and villi epithelial cell counts were significantly higher IOF-Gln chicks,compared to control chicks(P<0.05).We conclude IOF of glutamine stimulates small intestinal maturation and functionality during the peri-hatch period by promoting multipotent cell proliferation and differentiation,resulting in enhanced compartmentalization of multipotent and differentiated cell niches and expansions of the absorptive surface area.
