Background An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） has been suggested for heart failure patients for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, few data have been reported on the application of ICD...Background An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） has been suggested for heart failure patients for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, few data have been reported on the application of ICD as primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in China. We evaluated the value of primary prevention ICD therapy in Chinese patients with heart failure.Methods Thirty-four patients at an average age of （60.2±13.7） years seen in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were treated with ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death from November 2005 to July 2009. Single-chamber ICDs were implanted in 16 （47.0%） cases, and dual-chamber or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators in 18 （53.0%） cases. The patients had an average left ventricular ejection fraction of （26.9±5.5）% （11% to 35%）, of which 18 （53.0%） patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy and 16 （47.0%） patients had non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients were followed up at three months after the implantation and every six months thereafter or when prompted by an ICD event.Results There were five （14.7%） deaths, including two of heart failure and three with a non-cardiac course, during an average follow-up of （15.0±11.9） months. Forty-one ICD therapy events were recorded, including 19 （46.3%） appropriate ICD therapies in six patients and 22 （53.7%） inappropriate ICD therapies in four patients with single chamber leads. Inappropriate ICD therapies were mainly due to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy did not differ in the incidence of either appropriate or inappropriate therapy.Conclusions ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in China prevents patients from arrhythmia death. Relatively high incidence of inappropriate therapies highlights the importance of an atrial lead.展开更多
The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(S-ICD)has recently been approved for commercial use in Europe,New Zealand and the United States.It is comprised of a pulse generator,placed subcutaneously in a l...The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(S-ICD)has recently been approved for commercial use in Europe,New Zealand and the United States.It is comprised of a pulse generator,placed subcutaneously in a left lateral position,and a parasternal subcutaneous lead-electrode with two sensing electrodes separated by a shocking coil.Being an entirely subcutaneous system it avoids important periprocedural and long-term complications associated with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(TV-ICD)systems as well as the need for fluoroscopy during implant surgery.Suitable candidates include pediatric patients with congenital heart disease that limits intracavitary lead placements,those with obstructed venous access,chronic indwelling catheters or high infection risk,as well as young patients with electrical heart disease(e.g.,Brugada Syndrome,long QT syndrome,and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).Nevertheless,given the absence of intracavitary leads,the S-ICD is unable to offer pacing(apart from shortterm post-shock pacing).It is therefore not suitable in patients with an indication for antibradycardia pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy,or with a history of repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia that would benefit from antitachycardia pacing.Current data from initial clinical studies and post-commercialization"real-life"case series,including over 700 patients,have so far been promising and shown that the S-ICD successfully converts induced and spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation episodes with associated complication and inappropriate shock rates similar to that of TV-ICDs.Furthermore,by using far-field electrograms better tachyarrhythmia discrimination when compared to TV-ICDs has been reported.Future results from ongoing clinical studies will determine the S-ICD system’s long-term performance,and better define suitable patient profiles.展开更多
致心律失常性右室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC)是一种正常心肌被脂肪和(或)纤维组织替代的遗传性心肌病,病变主要局限于右心室,也会累及左心室,临床表现为心力衰竭、室性心动过速及猝死。目前对ARVC...致心律失常性右室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC)是一种正常心肌被脂肪和(或)纤维组织替代的遗传性心肌病,病变主要局限于右心室,也会累及左心室,临床表现为心力衰竭、室性心动过速及猝死。目前对ARVC的治疗主要包括运动限制、抗心律失常药物、安装植入型心律转复除颤器(implantable cardioverter-defibrillator,ICD)和导管消融。本文主要综述ICD和导管消融在治疗ARVC及预防ARVC患者猝死方面的最新研究进展。展开更多
Symptomatic bradycardia is effectively treated with the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker. Although a highly successful therapy, during recent years there has been a focus on the negative effects associated with lon...Symptomatic bradycardia is effectively treated with the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker. Although a highly successful therapy, during recent years there has been a focus on the negative effects associated with longterm pacing of the apex of the right ventricle(RV). It has been shown in both experimental and clinical studies that RV pacing leads to ventricular dyssynchrony, similar to that of left bundle branch block, with subsequent detrimental effects on cardiac structure and function, and in some cases adverse clinical outcomes such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure and death. There is substantial evidence that patients with reduced left ventricular function(LVEF) are at particular high risk of suffering the detrimental clinical effects of long-term RV pacing. The evidence is, however, incomplete, coming largely from subanalyses of pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator studies. In this group of patients with reduced LVEF and an expected high amount of RV pacing, biventricular pacing(cardiac resynchronization therapy) devices can prevent the negative effects of RV pacing and reduce ventricular dyssynchrony. Therefore, cardiac resynchronization therapy has emerged as an attractive option with promising results and more clinical studies are underway. Furthermore, specific pacemaker algorithms, which minimize RV pacing, can also reduce the negative effects of RV stimulation on cardiac function and may prevent clinical deterioration.展开更多
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) septicemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in patients with immunosuppression,diabetes,renal disease and endocarditis.There has been an incr...Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) septicemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in patients with immunosuppression,diabetes,renal disease and endocarditis.There has been an increase in implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED) with more cases of devicelead associated endocarditis been seen.A high index of suspicion is required to ensure patient outcomes are optimized.The excimer laser has been very efficient in helping to ensure successful lead extractions in patients with CIED infections.We present an unusual case report and literature review of MRSA septicemia from device-lead endocarditis and the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment.展开更多
We present a case where defibrillation threshold was dangerously elevated to the point that the patient had no safety margin,and his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator was discovered to have migrated.Gen...We present a case where defibrillation threshold was dangerously elevated to the point that the patient had no safety margin,and his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator was discovered to have migrated.Generator migration reduces the distance between the can and the coil,effectively creating a smaller bipolar current and sparing the left ventricle from the current needed for defibrillation.This case underscores the importance of securing the generator in place,as this patient would have been spared multiple shocks and an invasive medical procedure had his generator been better secured.展开更多
At present, malfunction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） lead has already gradually become a serious clinic problems for doctors,to well identify and manage the frequent inappropriate therapy induced ...At present, malfunction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） lead has already gradually become a serious clinic problems for doctors,to well identify and manage the frequent inappropriate therapy induced by sensing abnormality due to pacing/sensing （P/S） lead malfunctions of ICD are another kind of challenge for cardiologists. Methods Lead malfunctions of ICD were identified during follow-up period, in which insulation layer rupture and lead fracture were the most frequent. Except for conventional examinations, events histories and pacing parameters were reviewed from electrogram of ICD to determine the causes of lead malfunctions and guide the management. Results Frequent inappropriate therapy induced by sensing abnormality due to P/S lead malfunctions （normal high-voltage part of ICD lead） was identified in five patients and successfully managed by simply implanting an additional P/S lead but keeping the original defibrillation lead （high-voltage part of the ICD lead）. Follow-up results showed that this method was safe and effective enough for these patients. Conclusions Inappropriate therapy induced by P/S lead malfunction could be well managed by only replacing P/S lead but keeping the normal original defibrillation lead, which could also greatly decrease the risk and medical cost than extracting original lead of ICD or adding a new defibrillation lead.展开更多
In patients with structural heart disease, ventricular tachycardia (VT) worsens the clinical condition and may severely affect the shortand long-term prognosis. Several therapeutic options can be considered for the ma...In patients with structural heart disease, ventricular tachycardia (VT) worsens the clinical condition and may severely affect the shortand long-term prognosis. Several therapeutic options can be considered for the management of this arrhythmia. Among others, catheter ablation, a closed-chest therapy, can prevent arrhythmia recurrences by abolishing the arrhythmogenic substrate. Over the last two decades, different techniques have been developed for an effective approach to both tolerated and untolerated VTs. The clinical outcome of patients undergoing ablation has been evaluated in multiple studies. This editorial gives an overview of the role, methodology, clinical outcome and innovative approaches in catheter ablation of VT.展开更多
文摘Background An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） has been suggested for heart failure patients for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, few data have been reported on the application of ICD as primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in China. We evaluated the value of primary prevention ICD therapy in Chinese patients with heart failure.Methods Thirty-four patients at an average age of （60.2±13.7） years seen in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were treated with ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death from November 2005 to July 2009. Single-chamber ICDs were implanted in 16 （47.0%） cases, and dual-chamber or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators in 18 （53.0%） cases. The patients had an average left ventricular ejection fraction of （26.9±5.5）% （11% to 35%）, of which 18 （53.0%） patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy and 16 （47.0%） patients had non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients were followed up at three months after the implantation and every six months thereafter or when prompted by an ICD event.Results There were five （14.7%） deaths, including two of heart failure and three with a non-cardiac course, during an average follow-up of （15.0±11.9） months. Forty-one ICD therapy events were recorded, including 19 （46.3%） appropriate ICD therapies in six patients and 22 （53.7%） inappropriate ICD therapies in four patients with single chamber leads. Inappropriate ICD therapies were mainly due to supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy did not differ in the incidence of either appropriate or inappropriate therapy.Conclusions ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in China prevents patients from arrhythmia death. Relatively high incidence of inappropriate therapies highlights the importance of an atrial lead.
文摘The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(S-ICD)has recently been approved for commercial use in Europe,New Zealand and the United States.It is comprised of a pulse generator,placed subcutaneously in a left lateral position,and a parasternal subcutaneous lead-electrode with two sensing electrodes separated by a shocking coil.Being an entirely subcutaneous system it avoids important periprocedural and long-term complications associated with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(TV-ICD)systems as well as the need for fluoroscopy during implant surgery.Suitable candidates include pediatric patients with congenital heart disease that limits intracavitary lead placements,those with obstructed venous access,chronic indwelling catheters or high infection risk,as well as young patients with electrical heart disease(e.g.,Brugada Syndrome,long QT syndrome,and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy).Nevertheless,given the absence of intracavitary leads,the S-ICD is unable to offer pacing(apart from shortterm post-shock pacing).It is therefore not suitable in patients with an indication for antibradycardia pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy,or with a history of repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia that would benefit from antitachycardia pacing.Current data from initial clinical studies and post-commercialization"real-life"case series,including over 700 patients,have so far been promising and shown that the S-ICD successfully converts induced and spontaneous ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation episodes with associated complication and inappropriate shock rates similar to that of TV-ICDs.Furthermore,by using far-field electrograms better tachyarrhythmia discrimination when compared to TV-ICDs has been reported.Future results from ongoing clinical studies will determine the S-ICD system’s long-term performance,and better define suitable patient profiles.
文摘致心律失常性右室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC)是一种正常心肌被脂肪和(或)纤维组织替代的遗传性心肌病,病变主要局限于右心室,也会累及左心室,临床表现为心力衰竭、室性心动过速及猝死。目前对ARVC的治疗主要包括运动限制、抗心律失常药物、安装植入型心律转复除颤器(implantable cardioverter-defibrillator,ICD)和导管消融。本文主要综述ICD和导管消融在治疗ARVC及预防ARVC患者猝死方面的最新研究进展。
文摘Symptomatic bradycardia is effectively treated with the implantation of a cardiac pacemaker. Although a highly successful therapy, during recent years there has been a focus on the negative effects associated with longterm pacing of the apex of the right ventricle(RV). It has been shown in both experimental and clinical studies that RV pacing leads to ventricular dyssynchrony, similar to that of left bundle branch block, with subsequent detrimental effects on cardiac structure and function, and in some cases adverse clinical outcomes such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure and death. There is substantial evidence that patients with reduced left ventricular function(LVEF) are at particular high risk of suffering the detrimental clinical effects of long-term RV pacing. The evidence is, however, incomplete, coming largely from subanalyses of pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator studies. In this group of patients with reduced LVEF and an expected high amount of RV pacing, biventricular pacing(cardiac resynchronization therapy) devices can prevent the negative effects of RV pacing and reduce ventricular dyssynchrony. Therefore, cardiac resynchronization therapy has emerged as an attractive option with promising results and more clinical studies are underway. Furthermore, specific pacemaker algorithms, which minimize RV pacing, can also reduce the negative effects of RV stimulation on cardiac function and may prevent clinical deterioration.
文摘Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) septicemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in patients with immunosuppression,diabetes,renal disease and endocarditis.There has been an increase in implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED) with more cases of devicelead associated endocarditis been seen.A high index of suspicion is required to ensure patient outcomes are optimized.The excimer laser has been very efficient in helping to ensure successful lead extractions in patients with CIED infections.We present an unusual case report and literature review of MRSA septicemia from device-lead endocarditis and the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment.
文摘We present a case where defibrillation threshold was dangerously elevated to the point that the patient had no safety margin,and his implantable cardioverter-defibrillator generator was discovered to have migrated.Generator migration reduces the distance between the can and the coil,effectively creating a smaller bipolar current and sparing the left ventricle from the current needed for defibrillation.This case underscores the importance of securing the generator in place,as this patient would have been spared multiple shocks and an invasive medical procedure had his generator been better secured.
文摘At present, malfunction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator （ICD） lead has already gradually become a serious clinic problems for doctors,to well identify and manage the frequent inappropriate therapy induced by sensing abnormality due to pacing/sensing （P/S） lead malfunctions of ICD are another kind of challenge for cardiologists. Methods Lead malfunctions of ICD were identified during follow-up period, in which insulation layer rupture and lead fracture were the most frequent. Except for conventional examinations, events histories and pacing parameters were reviewed from electrogram of ICD to determine the causes of lead malfunctions and guide the management. Results Frequent inappropriate therapy induced by sensing abnormality due to P/S lead malfunctions （normal high-voltage part of ICD lead） was identified in five patients and successfully managed by simply implanting an additional P/S lead but keeping the original defibrillation lead （high-voltage part of the ICD lead）. Follow-up results showed that this method was safe and effective enough for these patients. Conclusions Inappropriate therapy induced by P/S lead malfunction could be well managed by only replacing P/S lead but keeping the normal original defibrillation lead, which could also greatly decrease the risk and medical cost than extracting original lead of ICD or adding a new defibrillation lead.
文摘In patients with structural heart disease, ventricular tachycardia (VT) worsens the clinical condition and may severely affect the shortand long-term prognosis. Several therapeutic options can be considered for the management of this arrhythmia. Among others, catheter ablation, a closed-chest therapy, can prevent arrhythmia recurrences by abolishing the arrhythmogenic substrate. Over the last two decades, different techniques have been developed for an effective approach to both tolerated and untolerated VTs. The clinical outcome of patients undergoing ablation has been evaluated in multiple studies. This editorial gives an overview of the role, methodology, clinical outcome and innovative approaches in catheter ablation of VT.
