本文作者方秀洁(Grace S.Fong),祖籍广东开平,著名文学家叶嘉莹先生的弟子。1984年获英属哥伦比亚大学博士学位。现为加拿大麦吉尔(Mc Gill)大学副教授,主要研究领域为明清时期的中国女性文学,曾主持哈佛燕京图书馆与麦吉尔大学合作的...本文作者方秀洁(Grace S.Fong),祖籍广东开平,著名文学家叶嘉莹先生的弟子。1984年获英属哥伦比亚大学博士学位。现为加拿大麦吉尔(Mc Gill)大学副教授,主要研究领域为明清时期的中国女性文学,曾主持哈佛燕京图书馆与麦吉尔大学合作的明清女性著作数据库建设,并主编《美国哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆藏明清妇女著述汇刊》,在国际汉学界有很大影响。其主要作品有《吴文英和南宋词艺术》(Wu Wen-ying and the Art of Southern Sung Ci Poetry,Princeton:Princeton Univ.Press,1987年,博士论文)。方秀洁的《女性之手—清末民初中国妇女的刺绣学问》("Female Hands:Embroidery as a Knowledge Field in Women’s Everyday Life in Late Imperial and Early Republican China")2004年6月发表于《晚期中华帝国》(Late Imperial China,Vol.25,No.1)。在文章中,方秀洁借用法国学者赛道(Michel de Certeau)分析日常行为而认识到消费者这一所谓被动性群体对其所处文化经济有创造性改造的思路,以明清女子的日常刺绣活动为研究对象,探讨女性之手如何与知识建构、女性主体地位建构以及女性社会的建构相联系。作者强调自己不是对"受害传统女性"这一形象的对抗性解构,而是想通过展现中国近代女性与儒家正统意识形态之间也有一些非对抗性的作用模式,以求更全面地理解女性历史上的社会地位,从而拓宽和加深理解女性问题的视野。展开更多
This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Thro...This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Through the specific analysis of the typical royal gardens in different periods,the development and changes of the gardening skills and overall layout of the royal gardens in each period were obtained,and the development characteristics of the whole historical period of the Chinese royal gardens were summarized.展开更多
The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of birds.We conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds,using Support Vector Machine(S...The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of birds.We conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds,using Support Vector Machine(SVM)models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different age classes.Accelerometers were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shags(Leucocarbo atriceps),and various attributes derived from the acceleration signals were used to train SVM models for each chick age class.Model performance improved with chick age class,with SVM models achieving high overall accuracy(>88%)and highest sensitivity in older chick categories(>91%).However,precision values,especially for younger chicks,remained relatively low(between 26%and 45%).The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning behaviours for each chick age category,improved model performance by reducing false provisioning behaviours,particularly in the model for older chicks,which showed the highest precision(72.4%).This study highlights the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning in studying parental food provisioning in birds,providing a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional techniques.The described methodology can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding its offspring and has suitable characteristics for attaching an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this movement.Finally,it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strategies in birds.展开更多
Zhu Yuanzhang and Mingzhongdu。In 1368,Zhu Yuanzhang who was once a poor peasant,toppled the ethnic Mongolian Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)in China and built up his own empire,the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).He made Nanjing in ...Zhu Yuanzhang and Mingzhongdu。In 1368,Zhu Yuanzhang who was once a poor peasant,toppled the ethnic Mongolian Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)in China and built up his own empire,the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).He made Nanjing in today's east China's Jiangsu Province the capital of the Ming Dynasty.展开更多
Former world leaders called for greater inclusiveness and cooperation to cope with the challenges of an increasingly fragmented world at the 2023 Imperial Springs International Forum。
Taasi,an archaeological site in Xiangfen County,north China's Shanxi Province,was recognized as one of the Top 100 Arch aeological Discoveries of the Century in October 2021.Situated in the middle and lower reache...Taasi,an archaeological site in Xiangfen County,north China's Shanxi Province,was recognized as one of the Top 100 Arch aeological Discoveries of the Century in October 2021.Situated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,it stands as the cradle of Ch inese civilization with i ts distinctive cultural footprint.Its grand scale and complete elements as a cap ital city make it a significant cultural hub of the Central Plains over 4,000 years ago.展开更多
Scholars often contend that civil examinations were what made imperial China a political meritocracy. They point to the examination system to show that the selection process served more as a common training program fo...Scholars often contend that civil examinations were what made imperial China a political meritocracy. They point to the examination system to show that the selection process served more as a common training program for literati than as a gate-keeper to keep non-elites out. Despite the symbiotic relations between the court and its literati, the emperor played the final card in the selection process. The asymmetrical relations between the throne and its elites nevertheless empowered elites to seek upward mobility as scholar-officials through the system. But true social mobility, peasants becoming officials, was never the goal of state policy in late imperial China; a modest level of social circulation was an unexpected consequence of the meritocratic civil service. Moreover, the meri^t-based bureaucracy never broke free of its dependence on an authoritarian imperial system. A modem political system might be more compatible with meritocracy, however. One of the unintended consequences of the civil examinations was creation of classically literate men （and women）, who used their linguistic talents for a variety of non-official purposes, from literati physicians to local pettifoggers, from fiction-writers to examination essay teachers, from Buddhist and Daoist monks to mothers and daughters. If there was much social mobility, i.e., the opportunity for members of the lower classes to rise in the social hierarchy, it was likely here. Rather than ＂social mobility,＂ this phenomenon might be better described as a healthy ＂circulation＂ of lower and upper elites when compared to aristocratic Europe and Japan.展开更多
Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain specimens from the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have been systematically analyzed using a nondestructive test method—— energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDX...Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain specimens from the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have been systematically analyzed using a nondestructive test method—— energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF). The derived data of major and trace element compositions have been treated by correspondence analysis. The variation laws of the composition patterns for Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain in different historical periods owing to the change in raw materials, recipe and technology have been discussed, and a time model related to variation of element composition has been preliminarily established, It would be helpful for scientific dating of Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain, and even for the studies on the whole field of identification of ancient ceramics.展开更多
Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and subs...Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.展开更多
In order to know the ventilating capacity of imperial smelt furnace(ISF), and increase the output of plumbum, an intelligent modeling method based on gray theory and artificial neural networks(ANN) is proposed, in whi...In order to know the ventilating capacity of imperial smelt furnace(ISF), and increase the output of plumbum, an intelligent modeling method based on gray theory and artificial neural networks(ANN) is proposed, in which the weight values in the integrated model can be adjusted automatically. An intelligent predictive model of the ventilating capacity of the ISF is established and analyzed by the method. The simulation results and industrial applications demonstrate that the predictive model is close to the real plant, the relative predictive error is 0.72%, which is 50% less than the single model, leading to a notable increase of the output of plumbum.展开更多
文摘本文作者方秀洁(Grace S.Fong),祖籍广东开平,著名文学家叶嘉莹先生的弟子。1984年获英属哥伦比亚大学博士学位。现为加拿大麦吉尔(Mc Gill)大学副教授,主要研究领域为明清时期的中国女性文学,曾主持哈佛燕京图书馆与麦吉尔大学合作的明清女性著作数据库建设,并主编《美国哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆藏明清妇女著述汇刊》,在国际汉学界有很大影响。其主要作品有《吴文英和南宋词艺术》(Wu Wen-ying and the Art of Southern Sung Ci Poetry,Princeton:Princeton Univ.Press,1987年,博士论文)。方秀洁的《女性之手—清末民初中国妇女的刺绣学问》("Female Hands:Embroidery as a Knowledge Field in Women’s Everyday Life in Late Imperial and Early Republican China")2004年6月发表于《晚期中华帝国》(Late Imperial China,Vol.25,No.1)。在文章中,方秀洁借用法国学者赛道(Michel de Certeau)分析日常行为而认识到消费者这一所谓被动性群体对其所处文化经济有创造性改造的思路,以明清女子的日常刺绣活动为研究对象,探讨女性之手如何与知识建构、女性主体地位建构以及女性社会的建构相联系。作者强调自己不是对"受害传统女性"这一形象的对抗性解构,而是想通过展现中国近代女性与儒家正统意识形态之间也有一些非对抗性的作用模式,以求更全面地理解女性历史上的社会地位,从而拓宽和加深理解女性问题的视野。
文摘This study discussed the development and evolution of Chinese royal gardens from the initial generation period (Zhou,Qin and Han dynasties) to the late mature period (middle Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty).Through the specific analysis of the typical royal gardens in different periods,the development and changes of the gardening skills and overall layout of the royal gardens in each period were obtained,and the development characteristics of the whole historical period of the Chinese royal gardens were summarized.
基金supported by a grant from the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina(grant PICT,2017-1996 to AGL)by two awards,one from the Association of Field Ornithologists and the other from Aves Argentinas to MDC。
文摘The study of parental food provisioning is essential for understanding the breeding ecology of birds.We conducted the first study using accelerometry to detect food provisioning in birds,using Support Vector Machine(SVM)models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different age classes.Accelerometers were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shags(Leucocarbo atriceps),and various attributes derived from the acceleration signals were used to train SVM models for each chick age class.Model performance improved with chick age class,with SVM models achieving high overall accuracy(>88%)and highest sensitivity in older chick categories(>91%).However,precision values,especially for younger chicks,remained relatively low(between 26%and 45%).The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning behaviours for each chick age category,improved model performance by reducing false provisioning behaviours,particularly in the model for older chicks,which showed the highest precision(72.4%).This study highlights the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning in studying parental food provisioning in birds,providing a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional techniques.The described methodology can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding its offspring and has suitable characteristics for attaching an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this movement.Finally,it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strategies in birds.
文摘Zhu Yuanzhang and Mingzhongdu。In 1368,Zhu Yuanzhang who was once a poor peasant,toppled the ethnic Mongolian Yuan Dynasty(1271-1368)in China and built up his own empire,the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).He made Nanjing in today's east China's Jiangsu Province the capital of the Ming Dynasty.
文摘Former world leaders called for greater inclusiveness and cooperation to cope with the challenges of an increasingly fragmented world at the 2023 Imperial Springs International Forum。
文摘Taasi,an archaeological site in Xiangfen County,north China's Shanxi Province,was recognized as one of the Top 100 Arch aeological Discoveries of the Century in October 2021.Situated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,it stands as the cradle of Ch inese civilization with i ts distinctive cultural footprint.Its grand scale and complete elements as a cap ital city make it a significant cultural hub of the Central Plains over 4,000 years ago.
文摘Scholars often contend that civil examinations were what made imperial China a political meritocracy. They point to the examination system to show that the selection process served more as a common training program for literati than as a gate-keeper to keep non-elites out. Despite the symbiotic relations between the court and its literati, the emperor played the final card in the selection process. The asymmetrical relations between the throne and its elites nevertheless empowered elites to seek upward mobility as scholar-officials through the system. But true social mobility, peasants becoming officials, was never the goal of state policy in late imperial China; a modest level of social circulation was an unexpected consequence of the meritocratic civil service. Moreover, the meri^t-based bureaucracy never broke free of its dependence on an authoritarian imperial system. A modem political system might be more compatible with meritocracy, however. One of the unintended consequences of the civil examinations was creation of classically literate men （and women）, who used their linguistic talents for a variety of non-official purposes, from literati physicians to local pettifoggers, from fiction-writers to examination essay teachers, from Buddhist and Daoist monks to mothers and daughters. If there was much social mobility, i.e., the opportunity for members of the lower classes to rise in the social hierarchy, it was likely here. Rather than ＂social mobility,＂ this phenomenon might be better described as a healthy ＂circulation＂ of lower and upper elites when compared to aristocratic Europe and Japan.
文摘Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain specimens from the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have been systematically analyzed using a nondestructive test method—— energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF). The derived data of major and trace element compositions have been treated by correspondence analysis. The variation laws of the composition patterns for Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain in different historical periods owing to the change in raw materials, recipe and technology have been discussed, and a time model related to variation of element composition has been preliminarily established, It would be helpful for scientific dating of Jingdezhen blue and white imperial porcelain, and even for the studies on the whole field of identification of ancient ceramics.
文摘Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.
文摘In order to know the ventilating capacity of imperial smelt furnace(ISF), and increase the output of plumbum, an intelligent modeling method based on gray theory and artificial neural networks(ANN) is proposed, in which the weight values in the integrated model can be adjusted automatically. An intelligent predictive model of the ventilating capacity of the ISF is established and analyzed by the method. The simulation results and industrial applications demonstrate that the predictive model is close to the real plant, the relative predictive error is 0.72%, which is 50% less than the single model, leading to a notable increase of the output of plumbum.
