This study was aimed at developing a protocol for increasing the number of generation cycles per year in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.).Six accessions,two each from early(JG 11 and JG 14),medium(ICCV 10 and JG 16),and l...This study was aimed at developing a protocol for increasing the number of generation cycles per year in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.).Six accessions,two each from early(JG 11 and JG 14),medium(ICCV 10 and JG 16),and late(CDC-Frontier and C 235)maturity groups,were used.The experiment was conducted for two years under glasshouse conditions.The photoperiod was extended to induce early flowering and immature seeds were germinated to further reduce generation cycle time.Compared to control,artificial light caused a reduction in flowering time by respectively 8–19,7–16,and 11–27 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.The earliest stage of immature seed able to germinate was 20–23 days after anthesis in accessions of different maturity groups.The time period between germination and the earliest stage of immature seed suitable for germination was considered one generation cycle and spanned respectively 43–60,44–64,and 52–79 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.However,the late-maturing accession CDCFrontier could not be advanced further after three generation cycles owing to the strong influence of photoperiod and temperature.The mean total number of generations produced per year were respectively 7,6.2,and 6 in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.These results have encouraging implications for breeding programs:rapid progression toward homozygosity,development of mapping populations,and reduction in time,space and resources in cultivar development(speed breeding).展开更多
多糖污染是从田间水稻叶片和未成熟种子等高含糖组织中提取高质量RNA的主要限制因素。我们介绍一种简单经济的RNA提取方法,它适合从水稻叶片和未成熟种子这些富含多糖的组织中提取总RNA。这种方法可以克服产率低和质量低的问题。RNA提...多糖污染是从田间水稻叶片和未成熟种子等高含糖组织中提取高质量RNA的主要限制因素。我们介绍一种简单经济的RNA提取方法,它适合从水稻叶片和未成熟种子这些富含多糖的组织中提取总RNA。这种方法可以克服产率低和质量低的问题。RNA提取后经过电泳和分光光度计分析结果表明,每克水稻组织总RNA产率在520μg到800μg之间,OD260/230比值大于2.0,OD260/280比值大于1.9。提取的RNA可以用于体外反转录cDNA、mRNA分离和基因表达系列分析(serial analysis of gene expression,SAGE)库的构建。展开更多
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a diploid perennial plant of the Arecaceae family. It is the most important plant cultivated for oil production. To ensure this production, certain optimal conditions are requ...The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a diploid perennial plant of the Arecaceae family. It is the most important plant cultivated for oil production. To ensure this production, certain optimal conditions are required: temperature, sunshine, rainfall, etc. The oil palm ensures its survival through the fruits borne on bunches located at the axis of the 17th to 20th leaves from the central stem. From pollination to the maturity of a bunch it takes about 4.5 to 6 months. Several events occur during this period: seed enlargement, weight increase, colour change, etc., but also important physiological changes: synthesis of some pigments (anthocyanin), increase in oil content correlated with the decrease in water content, etc. All of these constitute factors that can provide a better understanding of the biology of the seed. The aim of this work was to review some of the important parameters involved in the development and maturation of oil palm fruit bunches. These factors are classified into physiological, biochemical as well as environmental. The physiological parameters are color, appearance of embryo, seed weight and fruit detachment from bunches;Biochemical parameters include water content, oil content, carbohydrate, protein, mineral contents and lipase activity while temperature is the main environmental factor that affects fruit maturation. Thorough research has not yet been done at the different stages of maturation and ripening, thus a deep look into this may open up new avenues for research on early germinated oil palm seed production prior to seed dormancy.展开更多
基金part of the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals
文摘This study was aimed at developing a protocol for increasing the number of generation cycles per year in chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.).Six accessions,two each from early(JG 11 and JG 14),medium(ICCV 10 and JG 16),and late(CDC-Frontier and C 235)maturity groups,were used.The experiment was conducted for two years under glasshouse conditions.The photoperiod was extended to induce early flowering and immature seeds were germinated to further reduce generation cycle time.Compared to control,artificial light caused a reduction in flowering time by respectively 8–19,7–16,and 11–27 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.The earliest stage of immature seed able to germinate was 20–23 days after anthesis in accessions of different maturity groups.The time period between germination and the earliest stage of immature seed suitable for germination was considered one generation cycle and spanned respectively 43–60,44–64,and 52–79 days in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.However,the late-maturing accession CDCFrontier could not be advanced further after three generation cycles owing to the strong influence of photoperiod and temperature.The mean total number of generations produced per year were respectively 7,6.2,and 6 in early-,medium-,and late-maturing accessions.These results have encouraging implications for breeding programs:rapid progression toward homozygosity,development of mapping populations,and reduction in time,space and resources in cultivar development(speed breeding).
基金National High Science and Technology Program(863)(2001AA212041,2001AA222251)Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(39989001)+1 种基金National Special Program for Research and Industrialization of TransgenicPlants(J99-B-004,J99-A-020)Rockefeller Foundation(RF97001#581).
文摘多糖污染是从田间水稻叶片和未成熟种子等高含糖组织中提取高质量RNA的主要限制因素。我们介绍一种简单经济的RNA提取方法,它适合从水稻叶片和未成熟种子这些富含多糖的组织中提取总RNA。这种方法可以克服产率低和质量低的问题。RNA提取后经过电泳和分光光度计分析结果表明,每克水稻组织总RNA产率在520μg到800μg之间,OD260/230比值大于2.0,OD260/280比值大于1.9。提取的RNA可以用于体外反转录cDNA、mRNA分离和基因表达系列分析(serial analysis of gene expression,SAGE)库的构建。
文摘The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a diploid perennial plant of the Arecaceae family. It is the most important plant cultivated for oil production. To ensure this production, certain optimal conditions are required: temperature, sunshine, rainfall, etc. The oil palm ensures its survival through the fruits borne on bunches located at the axis of the 17th to 20th leaves from the central stem. From pollination to the maturity of a bunch it takes about 4.5 to 6 months. Several events occur during this period: seed enlargement, weight increase, colour change, etc., but also important physiological changes: synthesis of some pigments (anthocyanin), increase in oil content correlated with the decrease in water content, etc. All of these constitute factors that can provide a better understanding of the biology of the seed. The aim of this work was to review some of the important parameters involved in the development and maturation of oil palm fruit bunches. These factors are classified into physiological, biochemical as well as environmental. The physiological parameters are color, appearance of embryo, seed weight and fruit detachment from bunches;Biochemical parameters include water content, oil content, carbohydrate, protein, mineral contents and lipase activity while temperature is the main environmental factor that affects fruit maturation. Thorough research has not yet been done at the different stages of maturation and ripening, thus a deep look into this may open up new avenues for research on early germinated oil palm seed production prior to seed dormancy.
